Uso e eficácia de plantas medicinais com ações em doenças cardiovasculares e em Diabetes Tipo 2: Panax Ginseng, Curcuma Longa, Adonis Vernalis/ Use and effectiveness of medicinal plants action on cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 Diabetes: Panax Ginseng, Curcuma Longa, Adonis Vernalis

OBJETIVOS: O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar o uso da fitoterapia por meio de planta medicinais com ações em doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes tipo 2, analisar o conhecimento e como que o uso das plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos podem influenciar no tratamento das doenças crônicas, dentre elas a diabetes mellitus (DM) e hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS).METODOLOGIA:O presente artigo é um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, de caráter sistemático, com finalidade integrativa. Os estudos e artigos analisados e filtrados são utilizados para a síntese do tema abordado. As buscas foram realizadas em quatro bases de dados bibliográficos–SCIELO, GOOGLE ACADÊMICO, PUBMED E LILACS. Ambos publicados entre 2003 a 2020, encontrado nos idiomas português e inglês traduzidos. Optou-se pela busca de palavras chaves como: Doenças cardiovasculares. Diabetes. Plantas medicinais. Eficácia.RESULTADO: O Panax Ginseng são comumente usados na medicina chinesa e as raízes têm sido usadas para o tratamento de hemoptise, hemostasia e hematoma. Por várias centenas de anos na China e outros países asiáticos, a sua utilização é justificada devido aos seus efeitos cardiovasculares e diabetes e suas complicações. A terapia com a Curcuma Longa pode melhorar o diabetes em relação ao metabolismo da glicose e dos lipídios, aumentar a sensibilidade à insulina e reduzir a resistência à insulina em modelos de diabetes em animais de laboratório. Devido aos seus efeitos de aumento cardíaco, o adonis há muito tempo é usado na medicina popular europeia e chinesa. As plantas do gênero, especialmente A. vernalis L. possuem em seus extratos e princípios ativos com amplas propriedades farmacológicas, incluindo cardiovascular, antiangiogênica, antibacteriana, antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e acaricida além de apresentarem atividades diuréticas e efeitos no sistema nervoso central.CONCLUSÃO:Tendo em vista os dados relatados nas literaturas revisadas as plantas medicinais estão presentes na história humana desde sempre e são cada vez mais sendo procuradas para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças da medicina complementar e alternativa (MCA). Elas têm se tornado boas alternativas para tratamento que envolve as doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes, pois possuem menos efeitos adversos e não causam dependências químicas, sendo uma excelente escolha para auxiliar na melhora da resistência à insulina e regulação da pressão arterial. As informações disponíveis sobre essas espécies nos permitem explorar seu potencial terapêutico, destacar as lacunas em nosso conhecimento e fornece base científica para pesquisas futuras

Effect of Irrigation with Sewage Effluent and Rhizobia Inoculation on Growth of Tropical Tree Legumes in Northeast Brazil

Abstract The use of domestic sewage in the agriculture is an alternative for reduction of the pollution of rivers, preservation of resources hydrics and availability of water and nutritious for plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizobia inoculation on growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents in shoots of leguminous trees grown in an Alisol in northeastern Brazil. Irrigation with sewage effluent and rhizobium inoculation affected significantly the growth parameters and nodulation of L. leucocephala and M. caesalpiniaefolia. Statistically higher values of shoot dry matter and plant height were observed in leguminous trees irrigated with sewage effluent, compared to treatment with water irrigation.Sewage effluent irrigation treatment also increased significantly the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn in shoots of woody legumes studied after harvest. Inoculation with Rhizobium promoted significant increases in growth parameters and macro and micronutrients contents, only when associated with application of sewage effluent

AutomiG, a biosensor to detect alterations in miRNA biogenesis and in small RNA silencing guided by perfect target complementarity.

International audienceDefects in miRNA biogenesis or activity are associated to development abnormalities and diseases. In Drosophila, miRNAs are predominantly loaded in Argonaute-1, which they guide for silencing of target RNAs. The miRNA pathway overlaps the RNAi pathway in this organism, as miRNAs may also associate with Argonaute-2, the mediator of RNAi. We set up a gene construct in which a single inducible promoter directs the expression of the GFP protein as well as two miRNAs perfectly matching the GFP sequences. We show that self-silencing of the resulting automiG gene requires Drosha, Pasha, Dicer-1, Dicer-2 and Argonaute-2 loaded with the anti-GFP miRNAs. In contrast, self-silencing of the automiG gene does not involve Argonaute-1. Thus, automiG reports in vivo for both miRNA biogenesis and Ago-2 mediated silencing, providing a powerful biosensor to identify situations where miRNA or siRNA pathways are impaired. As a proof of concept, we used automiG as a biosensor to screen a chemical library and identified 29 molecules that strongly inhibit miRNA silencing, out of which 5 also inhibit RNAi triggered by long double-stranded RNA. Finally, the automiG sensor is also self-silenced by the anti-GFP miRNAs in HeLa cells and might be easily used to identify factors involved in miRNA biogenesis and silencing guided by perfect target complementarity in mammals

Probability of Transition to Psychosis in Individuals at Clinical High Risk: An Updated Meta-analysis

Estimating the current likelihood of transitioning from a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) to psychosis holds paramount importance for preventive care and applied research

81 compounds induce strong fluorescence of automiG cells.

<p>The primary screen identified 46 compounds that induced a fluorescence fold-change >3.9 and 57 compound for which more that 500 fluorescent spots were counted from well imaging (see materials and methods). The merging of these two sets yield 81 compounds whose effects on automiG cells are presented. Each panel correspond to one image taken by the automated Nikon TE2000 inverted microscope. Note that out of the 81 compounds, 17 were discarded as false positives because they induced by themselves fluorescence (see Supporting Information <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074296#pone.0074296.s002" target="_blank">Table S2</a>, shaded identifiers).</p

Suppression of RNA interference by hit compounds.

<p>S2R+ stably transfected with the automiG-Δ1–Δ2 construct were incubated for 24 h with the indicated compounds and GFP dsRNA. GFP expression was then induced by CuSO₄ and cells were grown for further 24 h. Fluorescence relative to DMSO controls (<b>A</b>) was measured just before (white and dark grey bars) and 24 h after copper induction (black bars). GFP expression levels (<b>B</b>) were analyzed by western blot 24 h after copper induction. Asterisks point to compounds that inhibit RNAi. Note that compounds C614–5795 to C788–0877 triggered GFP expression before copper induction; although they were accordingly associated to high level of GFP, they were not marked as RNAi inhibitors. Red compound identifiers refer to compounds tested in HeLa cells (Fig. 8).</p

The CMV-automiG construct is a sensor of the human miRNA pathway.

<p>(<b>A</b>) HeLa cells transiently co-transfected with CMV-automiG and the indicated siRNAs were grown for 72 h and GFP expression was analyzed by western blot. The γ-Tubulin protein was used as a loading control. (<b>B</b>) Suppression of the CMV-automiG silencing by the #2516-4080 and #3601-0038 compounds. HeLa cells transiently transfected with CMV-automiG for 24 h were soaked for 48 additional hours with the indicated compounds or DMSO alone as a control, and GFP expression was analyzed by western blot. The γ-Tubulin protein was used as a loading control. The effects of the compounds #D010-0185 and #D094-0021 on GFP expression could not be assayed due to their toxicity.</p

Screening of chemical compounds using the automiG construct.

<p>Fluorescence fold-change (<b>A</b>) and fluorescent spot count (<b>B</b>) distributions in negative controls with DMSO only. Fluorescence fold-change (<b>C</b>) and fluorescent spot count (<b>D</b>) distributions in wells with compounds from the chemical libraries. Note the logarithmic scales for these distributions. Red lines correspond to the cut-offs used for selection of the compounds.</p