Physical activity in the rural population of Pelotas, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de atividade física geral e por domínios de prática na zona rural de Pelotas, RS, bem como seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com adultos moradores da zona rural de Pelotas. O questionário utilizado para mensurar a prevalência de atividade física foi o Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Foram considerados como ativos os indivíduos que relataram pelo menos 150 minutos de prática de atividade física semanal. Aspectos demográficos e econômicos, laborais e de segurança contra crimes foram avaliados como variáveis independentes. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para as análises bruta e ajustada. RESULTADOS: A amostra final foi composta por 1.447 indivíduos. A prevalência geral de atividade física foi de 83,7% (IC95% 81,3–86,2). Quanto aos diferentes domínios, 74,9% (IC95% 71,3–78,6) dos participantes atingiram as recomendações de atividade física especificamente no trabalho, 25,2% (IC95% 22,4–28,0) no deslocamento e 15,1% (IC95% 12,2–18,1) no lazer. Os homens foram mais ativos que as mulheres em todos os domínios. Os indivíduos com situação ocupacional rural foram mais ativos no trabalho e no deslocamento. As variáveis de crime não foram associadas aos desfechos. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de atividade física geral foi alta, e majoritariamente praticada no trabalho. Por outro lado, as atividades de lazer foram pouco prevalentes e os fatores associados variaram em direção e magnitude de acordo com os domínios de atividade física avaliados.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of physical activity in general and by domains of practice in the rural area of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as their associated factors. METHODS: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study with adults living in the rural area of Pelotas. The questionnaire used to measure the prevalence of physical activity was the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individuals who reported at least 150 minutes of weekly physical activity were considered as active. The demographic, economic, labor, and crime safety aspects were evaluated as independent variables. Poisson regression was used for the crude and adjusted analyses. RESULTS: Final sample consisted of 1,447 individuals. Overall prevalence of physical activity was 83.7% (95%CI 81.3–86.2). Regarding the different domains, 74.9% (95%CI 71.3–78.6) of the participants reached the recommendations of physical activity specifically with work, 25.2% (95%CI 22.4–28.0) with transport, and 15.1% (95%CI 12.2–18.1) with leisure. Men were more active than women in all domains. Individuals with rural work were more active in work and transport. Crime variables were not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of general physical activity was high, and was mostly practiced at work. On the other hand, leisure activities were not very prevalent and the associated factors varied in direction and magnitude according to the domains of physical activity evaluated

Physical activity in the rural population of Pelotas, Brazil: prevalence and associated factors

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de atividade física geral e por domínios de prática na zona rural de Pelotas, RS, bem como seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado com adultos moradores da zona rural de Pelotas. O questionário utilizado para mensurar a prevalência de atividade física foi o Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Foram considerados como ativos os indivíduos que relataram pelo menos 150 minutos de prática de atividade física semanal. Aspectos demográficos e econômicos, laborais e de segurança contra crimes foram avaliados como variáveis independentes. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para as análises bruta e ajustada. RESULTADOS: A amostra final foi composta por 1.447 indivíduos. A prevalência geral de atividade física foi de 83,7% (IC95% 81,3–86,2). Quanto aos diferentes domínios, 74,9% (IC95% 71,3–78,6) dos participantes atingiram as recomendações de atividade física especificamente no trabalho, 25,2% (IC95% 22,4–28,0) no deslocamento e 15,1% (IC95% 12,2–18,1) no lazer. Os homens foram mais ativos que as mulheres em todos os domínios. Os indivíduos com situação ocupacional rural foram mais ativos no trabalho e no deslocamento. As variáveis de crime não foram associadas aos desfechos. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de atividade física geral foi alta, e majoritariamente praticada no trabalho. Por outro lado, as atividades de lazer foram pouco prevalentes e os fatores associados variaram em direção e magnitude de acordo com os domínios de atividade física avaliados.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of physical activity in general and by domains of practice in the rural area of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as their associated factors. METHODS: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study with adults living in the rural area of Pelotas. The questionnaire used to measure the prevalence of physical activity was the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Individuals who reported at least 150 minutes of weekly physical activity were considered as active. The demographic, economic, labor, and crime safety aspects were evaluated as independent variables. Poisson regression was used for the crude and adjusted analyses. RESULTS: Final sample consisted of 1,447 individuals. Overall prevalence of physical activity was 83.7% (95%CI 81.3–86.2). Regarding the different domains, 74.9% (95%CI 71.3–78.6) of the participants reached the recommendations of physical activity specifically with work, 25.2% (95%CI 22.4–28.0) with transport, and 15.1% (95%CI 12.2–18.1) with leisure. Men were more active than women in all domains. Individuals with rural work were more active in work and transport. Crime variables were not associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of general physical activity was high, and was mostly practiced at work. On the other hand, leisure activities were not very prevalent and the associated factors varied in direction and magnitude according to the domains of physical activity evaluated

A inauguração do ensino de Saúde Coletiva na Pós-graduação em Educação Física no sul do Brasil

Objective: This paper aims to share the context, planning of the activities, as well as the reflection on them about the opening of Colletive Health teaching in Physical Education Graduate Program in Southern Brazil.Description: Thus, this article includes the proposing teachers and students who took part in the teaching experience. The course was structured based on the Collective Health theory and had six meetings using the following formats: lectures followed by active methodologies, classes directed by groups of students and technical visits to public health policies. Most graduate students were unaware of Collective Health.Discussion: We were able to learn that the debates should be taken to undergraduate programs, other course subjects, community, social media and especially to the researches developed in the program. The contribution of this knowledge may boost acts of courage, especially in defense of the Unified Health System, in view of the persistent social inequalities in the country.O presente artigo apresenta um relato da experiência sobre a criação e experimentação de uma disciplina denominada Debates em Saúde Coletiva, ofertada pela primeira vez no segundo semestre letivo de 2019 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O objetivo desta produção textual é compartilhar o contexto, o planejamento e proposição das atividades, bem como a efetivação e reflexão sobre as mesmas. Assim, integram a escrita deste relato os docentes proponentes e alunos que vivenciaram a experiência de ensino. A disciplina estruturada no referencial da Saúde Coletiva contou com seis encontros onde os formatos foram: aulas expositivas e seguidas por metodologias ativas, aula direcionada por grupos de alunos e visita técnica a políticas públicas de saúde. A maioria dos pós-graduandos desconhecia a Saúde Coletiva. Coletivamente se entendeu que os debates devem ser levados para a graduação, outras disciplinas do curso, comunidade, redes sociais e especialmente nas pesquisas de dissertações e teses que são desenvolvidas no programa. O aporte destes conhecimentos pode impulsionar atos de coragem, especialmente em defesa do Sistema Único de Saúde, frente às desigualdades sociais persistentes no país

Fatores de risco comportamentais acumulados para doenças cardiovasculares no sul do Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of, and identify factors associated with, accumulated risky behavior relating to cardiovascular diseases among adults. METHODS: This was a population-based cross-sectional study on a representative sample of 2732 adults of both sexes in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in 2010. The behavioral risk factors investigated were: smoking; leisure-time physical inactivity; habitual consumption of visible fat in meat; and daily consumption of processed meats, red meat and whole milk. The study outcome was the accumulated behavioral risk factors score, ranging from zero to three: no behavioral risk factor for cardiovascular diseases or exposure to 1, 2 or >; 3 behavioral risk factors. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the adjusted effect of individual characteristics on behavioral risk factors accumulation, taking individuals without any of these factors as the reference category. RESULTS: Physical inactivity was the most prevalent risk factor (75.6%), followed by habitual consumption of visible fat in meat (52.3%). Two thirds of the population presented two or more behavioral risk factors. Combined physical inactivity and habitual consumption of visible fat in meat was observed in 17.5% of the sample; and combined physical inactivity, habitual consumption of visible fat in meat and smoking in 6.7%. The odds ratios for accumulation of two or more risk factors were higher among men and were inversely associated with a national economic indicator. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high accumulation of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among the study population. Public interventions with the capacity to prevent simultaneous occurrence of these factors are needed.OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia e identificar factores asociados con la acumulación de conductas de riesgo en enfermedades cardiovasculares entre adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con muestra representativa de 2.732 adultos de ambos sexos de Pelotas, Sur de Brasil, en 2010. Los factores de riesgo conductuales investigados fueron: tabaquismo; inactividad física en las horas de ocio; consumo habitual de grasa aparente de la carne, e consumo diario de embutidos, carne roja y leche integral. El desenlace del estudio fue el escore de aglomeración de factores de riesgo conductuales, variando de cero a tres: ningún factor de riesgo conductual para enfermedades cardiovasculares o exposición a 1, 2 o >; 3 factores de riesgo conductuales. Se realizó regresión logística multinomial para evaluar el efecto ajustado de las características individuales sobre la acumulación de factores de riesgo conductuales, teniendo como categoría de referencia individuos sin alguno de los factores. RESULTADOS: La inactividad física fue el factor de riesgo más prevaleciente (75,6%), seguido del consumo habitual de grasa aparente de la carne (52,3%). Dos tercios de la población presentaron dos o más factores de riesgo conductuales. La combinación de inactividad física y consumo habitual de grasa aparente de la carne ocurrió en 17,5% de la muestra; e inactividad física, consumo habitual de grasa aparente de la carne y tabaquismo, en 6,7%. Los odds ratios de acumulación de dos o más factores fueron mayores entre hombres y se asociaron inversamente con el indicador económico nacional. CONCLUSIONES: La acumulación de factores de riesgo conductuales en enfermedades cardiovasculares es elevada en la población estudiada. Son necesarias intervenciones públicas capaces de prevenir la ocurrencia simultánea de tales factores.OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados ao acúmulo de comportamentos de risco para doenças cardiovasculares entre adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra representativa de 2.732 adultos de ambos os sexos de Pelotas, RS, em 2010. Os fatores de risco comportamentais investigados foram: tabagismo; inatividade física no lazer; consumo habitual de gordura aparente da carne; e consumo diário de embutidos, carne vermelha e leite integral. O desfecho do estudo foi o escore de aglomeração de fatores de risco comportamentais, variando de zero a três: nenhum fator de risco comportamental para doenças cardiovasculares ou exposição a 1, 2 ou >; 3 fatores de risco comportamentais. Realizou-se regressão logística multinomial para avaliar o efeito ajustado das características individuais sobre o acúmulo de fatores de risco comportamentais, tendo como categoria de referência indivíduos sem qualquer dos fatores. RESULTADOS: A inatividade física foi o fator de risco mais prevalente (75,6%), seguido do consumo habitual de gordura aparente da carne (52,3%). Dois terços da população apresentaram dois ou mais fatores de risco comportamentais. A combinação de inatividade física e consumo habitual de gordura aparente da carne ocorreu em 17,5% da amostra; e inatividade física, consumo habitual de gordura aparente da carne e tabagismo, em 6,7%. Os odds ratios de acúmulo de dois ou mais fatores foram maiores entre homens e associaram-se inversamente com o indicador econômico nacional. CONCLUSÕES: O acúmulo de fatores de risco comportamentais para doenças cardiovasculares é elevado na população estudada. São necessárias intervenções públicas capazes de prevenir a ocorrência simultânea desses fatores

Objectively Measured Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Mortality among Brazilian Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: Use of objectively measured physical activity (PA) in older adults to assess relationship between PA and risk of all-causes mortality is scarce. This study evaluated the associations of PA based on accelerometry and a questionnaire with the risk of mortality among older adults from a city in Southern Brazil. DESIGN: A cohort study. SETTING: Urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of older adults (≥60 y) from Pelotas, enrolled in 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Overall physical activity (mg), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were estimated by raw accelerometer data. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire estimated leisure time and commuting PA. Hazard ratios (excluding deaths in the first 6 mo) stratified by sex were estimated by Cox regression analysis considering adjustment for confounders. RESULTS: From the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 145 died (10%) after a follow-up of an average 2.6 years. Men and women in the highest tertile of overall PA had on average a 77% and 92% lower risk of mortality than their less active counterparts (95% confidence interval [CI] = .06-.84 and 95% CI = .01-.65, respectively). The highest tertile of LPA was also related to a lower risk of mortality in individuals of both sexes (74% and 91% lower risk among men and women, respectively). MVPA statistically reduced the risk of mortality only among women (hazard ratio [HR] = .30 and HR = .07 in the second and third tertiles). Self-reported leisure-time PA was statistically associated with a lower risk of mortality only among men. Women in the highest tertiles of commuting PA showed a lower risk of mortality than those in the reference group. CONCLUSION: Accelerometry-based PA was associated with a lower risk of mortality among Brazilian older adults. Older individuals should practice any type of PA. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:137-146, 2019

Atividade física de pais e filhos: um estudo de base populacional

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a prática de atividade física no lazer dos pais e a participação de seus filhos em esportes ou prática de exercícios orientados. Foram avaliadas ainda as associações entre os indicadores de atividade física e variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, de base populacional, na cidade de Pelotas-RS. Um total de 972 indivíduos de 20 a 69 anos foi entrevistado. A prevalência da prática suficiente de atividades físicas no lazer entre os adultos foi de 30,2% (IC95% 27,3; 33,1). Os homens foram significativamente mais ativos do que as mulheres (p < 0,001). Entre os entrevistados, 384 indivíduos relataram ter ao menos um filho com idade entre seis e 18 anos. A prática de esportes e atividades físicas orientadas entre crianças e adolescentes (N = 675) foi de 25,6% (IC95% 22,3; 28,9). Evidenciou-se associação direta e significativa entre o nível econômico e prática de atividades físicas dos pais e dos filhos. Nas análises de associação entre a prática de atividades físicas organizadas dos filhos e o nível de atividades físicas dos pais, as diferenças encontradas não apresentaram significância estatística, embora para a análise geral o valor P encontrado tenha sido limítrofe (p = 0,053). Apesar de este estudo não encontrar uma clara associação entre a prática de atividades físicas de pais e filhos, o estímulo à prática de atividade física entre crianças, jovens e adultos deve ser ampliado, e mais estudos sobre o efeito das relações sociais na adoção de comportamentos saudáveis devem ser priorizados.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between leisure-time physical activity practice of parents and the participation of their children in sports and structured exercise. We also studied the association between physical activity indicators and socio-demographic variables. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil. A total of 972 individuals aged 20 to 69 years were interviewed. The prevalence of sufficient physical activity practice among adults was 30.2% (95%CI 27.3; 33.1). Adult males were significantly more active than adult females (p < 0.001). Out of the 972 subjects included, 384 reported to have at least one child aged 6 to 18 years. The prevalence of sports or structured exercise practice among the children (N = 675) was 25.6% (95%CI 22.3; 28.9). We observed a significant and direct association between socioeconomic level and physical activity levels of both adults and youth. The association between parents and children activity levels almost reached significance (p = 0.053). In spite of the non-significant association observed in our study between parents' and children's activity levels, physical activity promotion is essential for all age groups. Further studies are warranted in order to deepen the understanding of social relationships and behaviors

Objectively Measured Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Mortality among Brazilian Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: Use of objectively measured physical activity (PA) in older adults to assess relationship between PA and risk of all-causes mortality is scarce. This study evaluated the associations of PA based on accelerometry and a questionnaire with the risk of mortality among older adults from a city in Southern Brazil. DESIGN: A cohort study. SETTING: Urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A representative sample of older adults (≥60 y) from Pelotas, enrolled in 2014. MEASUREMENTS: Overall physical activity (mg), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were estimated by raw accelerometer data. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire estimated leisure time and commuting PA. Hazard ratios (excluding deaths in the first 6 mo) stratified by sex were estimated by Cox regression analysis considering adjustment for confounders. RESULTS: From the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 145 died (10%) after a follow-up of an average 2.6 years. Men and women in the highest tertile of overall PA had on average a 77% and 92% lower risk of mortality than their less active counterparts (95% confidence interval [CI] = .06-.84 and 95% CI = .01-.65, respectively). The highest tertile of LPA was also related to a lower risk of mortality in individuals of both sexes (74% and 91% lower risk among men and women, respectively). MVPA statistically reduced the risk of mortality only among women (hazard ratio [HR] = .30 and HR = .07 in the second and third tertiles). Self-reported leisure-time PA was statistically associated with a lower risk of mortality only among men. Women in the highest tertiles of commuting PA showed a lower risk of mortality than those in the reference group. CONCLUSION: Accelerometry-based PA was associated with a lower risk of mortality among Brazilian older adults. Older individuals should practice any type of PA. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:137-146, 2019

Built environment and physical activity: domain- and activity-specific associations among Brazilian adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is likely to be determined as a complex interplay between personal, interpersonal, and environmental factors. Studying the built environment involves expanding the focus from the individual perspective to a public health one. Therefore, the objetive of this study was to examine the association between the built environment and objectively-measured physical activity among youth. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of data from of a Brazilian birth cohort during adolescence. Physical activity was measured using accelerometers (GENEActiv) and self-report (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, long version). Participants' home addresses were geocoded and built environment characteristics such as streets' pattern and quality, and public open spaces attributes for physical activity practice were evaluated in a 500-m circular buffer surrounding their homes. RESULTS: A total of 3379 participants were included. Street lighting (β = 2.2; 95%CI: 0.5; 3.9) was positively associated with objectively-measured moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and proportion of paved streets and buffer's average family income were associated with lower MVPA. Living near the beach increased the odds of leisure-time MVPA practice by 3.3 (95%CI: 1.37; 8.02) times. There was a built environment-by-socioeconomic status (SES) interaction for the associations with commuting physical activity; street lighting [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.47] and presence of cycle lanes (OR = 1.77; 95%CI: 1.05; 2.96) were positively associated with commuting physical activity only among the intermediate SES tertile. CONCLUSION: Beachfront, street lighting, paved streets and cycle lanes were associated with physical activity patterns. This suggests that infrastructure interventions may influence physical activity levels of Brazilian adolescents