Energy efficiency through analysis of the contracted demand, consumption and framework group “A” tariff: case study at IFPA Parauapebas campus: Eficiência energética através da análise do demanda contratada, consumo e estrutura tarifa do grupo "A": estudo de caso na IFPA campus de Parauapebas

Waste of electricity in public educational institutions is alarming. The agency Electric Energy National (ANEEL) published in October 2016 through the call 01/2016 to electricity distributors, which aims, among other objectives, to invest in efficiency energy and mini-generation in institutions, which evidences the absence of strategic energy management and the lack of a culture of optimizing energy resources. Thus, this work may help in the search for the minimization of electrical energy waste and public resources in the institutions, as it will propose an efficient framework methodology tariff system, able to assess and adjust demand contracted (kW). The methodology consists of achieving the energy efficiency, through demand analysis, tariff framework and energy consumption electricity, in the consumer unit, in particular to the study case study of the Federal Institute of Pará – Campus Parauapebas (IFPA), through the analysis of invoices monthly electricity bills and the basis of the resolutions and rules on the types of tariffs for electrical energy from groups A4. With that, it is expected to adjust the contracted load demand (kW). and crave cost reduction for the Public Administrationproviding a practical form of analysis and indication of the best tariff framework for the group studied, and thereby achieve sustainable consumption and  efficient electricity contracts

Determinação do consumo de energia elétrica para os sistemas de ar-condicionado – um estudo de caso: Determination of electrical energy consumption for air-conditioning systems - a case study

The survey of the thermal load of refrigerated environments allows us to determine in a safe and concrete way the amount of thermal load required for the studied environment, also the conditioned air systems’ electric energy consumption of. Any educational institution should maintain its students in a comfortable environment to achieve a better educational performance. The objective of this work is to present a case study at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Para - Campus Parauapebas, determining the electric power consumption of the classrooms’ air conditioning at this institute. Initially, a flow chart was proposed to study activities to be carried out in order to guarantee this reach. At first, it was necessary to catalog the values for the currents and voltages for each of the air conditioning units in the classrooms of the institution under study, thus, one can identify the average monthly consumption for each appliance. With this information, it is possible to demonstrate the monetary expenditure of the energy consumption. Then it is possible to estimate of the financial economy after the survey of the total consumption of the electric energy. It should be pointed out that this cataloging was carried out in more intense seasonal periods and in certain months to complete the information for the values to be obtained (voltage and current). In order to carry out the project, we have used important sources of exploratory research, aiming to expand the study of the case. The results showed a voltage variation around 209 to 214 Volts (V) and a current of 11 to 14 Amperes (A) for power devices of 18,000 BTU from that point, it is tried to establish efficient methods to reverse the economic picture of the institution through analyzes and perspectives carried out according to the data collected

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Influência da absorção de umidade no comportamento mecânico nos compósitos poliméricos híbridos Kevlar/vidro quando imerso em água do mar e petróleo

The polymer matrix composite materials are being used on a large scale in the most different industrial fields such as aerospace, automotive, oil, among others, since the industrial perspectives is currently working with materials which have a good mechanical performance at high service life and cost / benefit. Thus, the determination of the mechanical properties is indispensable for the characterization of waste resulting in greater expansion of this type of material. Thus, this work will be obtained three plates laminated with tereftálica polymeric matrix reinforced by a bidirectional woven E-glass and kevlar both industrially made, where the plates are manufactured by manual lamination process (hand lay-up), all laminates have five enhancement layers, the first hybrid laminate will consist of bidirectional woven E-glass fiber, kevlar fiber interspersed with layers, is formed by the second bidirectional woven kevlar fiber at the ends of the laminate (two layers), and in the center the glass fiber fabric (three layers), the third plate is composed of only the bidirectional woven E-glass fiber. Then were prepared specimens (CP) by standard, to determine the mechanical properties of tensile and bending in three points. After fabrication of the specimens, they were immersed in oil and seawater. After that, there was a comparison of the mechanical properties for the test condition in the dry state. Showing that there was a considerable increase in the properties studied because the effect of hybridization in laminates.Os materiais compósitos de matriz polimérica vêm sendo utilizados em larga escala nas áreas industriais tais como aeroespacial, automobilística, petrolífera, por apresentarem um bom desempenho mecânico, vida útil elevada e uma relação custo/benefício. A determinação das propriedades mecânicas se faz indispensável para a caracterização dos compósitos. Desta forma, neste trabalho serão obtidas três placas de laminados com matriz polimérica teraftálica, reforçados por um tecido bidirecional de vidro-E e kevlar, ambos confeccionados industrialmente, onde as placas serão fabricadas pelo processo de laminação manual (Hand lay up). Todos os laminados terão cinco camadas de reforço,como primeiro laminado híbrido sendo composto pelo tecido bidirecional de fibra de vidro-E, intercalado por camadas de fibra kevlar, o segundo é formado pelo tecido bidirecional de fibra kevlar nas extremidades do laminado (duas camadas), e no centro o tecido de fibra de vidro (três camadas), a terceira placa foi composta apenas pelo tecido bidirecional de fibra de vidro-E. Em seguida, foram confeccionados corpos de prova (CP) mediante norma, para determinação das propriedades mecânicas de tração e flexão em três pontos. Após a fabricação dos corpos de prova, estes foram imersos em petróleo e em água do mar. Feito isso, realizou-se um comparativo das propriedades mecânicas para a condição de ensaio no estado seco. Houve um aumento considerável nas propriedades estudadas devido o efeito da hibridização nos laminados

Analiza strukturalna tkaniny Kevlar poddanej działaniu plazmy tlenowej

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of low-pressure oxygen plasma treatment on the surface characteristics of kevlar fabric. For comparison purposes, samples treated with oxygenated plasma were prepared and characterised under different experimental conditions, i.e. a treatment time variation of 10, 30 and 60 minutes under a constant pressure of 4 mBar, using a pulsed current source. We analysed the effects of chemical and physical changes to the surface of the material aiming at improved hydrophilicity attributed to the formation of roughness on the surface of fibres, thus obtaining optimal parameters for future works. Changes in the chemical composition of the surface as well as in the superficial roughness of fibres before and after treatment were determined by FTIR, TGA, XRD and wettability testing. SEM was used as a complementary technique to monitor the changes triggered by the procedures using oxygen plasma.Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu obróbki niskociśnieniową plazmą tlenową na właściwości powierzchni tkaniny “kevlarowej”. Dla celów porównawczych przygotowano próbki poddane działaniu plazmy natlenionej i scharakteryzowane w różnych warunkach eksperymentalnych, tj. zmiennym czasie obróbki wynoszącym 10, 30 i 60 minut pod stałym ciśnieniem 4 mBar, przy użyciu źródła prądu pulsacyjnego. Przeanalizowano wpływ zmian chemicznych i fizycznych na powierzchni materiału, mając na celu poprawę hydrofilowości związanej z powstawaniem chropowatości na powierzchni włókien, uzyskując w ten sposób optymalne parametry dla przyszłych eksperymentów. Zmiany w składzie chemicznym powierzchni, a także w chropowatości powierzchni włókien przed i po obróbce określono za pomocą FTIR, TGA, XRD i testów zwilżalności. SEM zastosowano jako technikę uzupełniającą do monitorowania zmian wywołanych procedurami z wykorzystaniem plazmy tlenowej

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TECIDOS DE SISAL PARA UTILIZAÇÃO EM COMPÓSITOS POLIMÉRICOS

A utilização das fibras naturais (lignocelulosicas) como reforço, em materiais compósitos polimérico, é algo que vem crescendo significativamente dia, após dia. Devido ao fato desses materiais serem biodegradáveis, provém de fontes renováveis, desenvolvendo assim as regiões onde são extraídas possibilitando dessa forma a permanência do homem no campo, fazendo parte assim de um modelo ecologicamente correto. Dentre essas fibras dá um destaque a fibra de sisal,onde esta está sendo bastante estudada e utilizada na indústria automobilística. A fibra é extraída da folha do agave sisalina, e que foi introduzida no Brasil em meados de 1900, tendo como maiores produtores os estados da Bahia, Paraíba e Rio Grande do Norte. O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de dois tecidos de sisal para a utilização em materiais compósitos poliméricos, já que estes não são encontrados na indústria. Dessa forma foram fabricados dois tecidos sendo um do tipo plano e o outro do tipo plano basket, onde estes foram obtidos em teares manuais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Materiais Compósitos, Sisal e Tecidos

Enteroparasite and vivax malaria co-infection on the Brazil-French Guiana border: Epidemiological, haematological and immunological aspects - Fig 1

<p>(a) Frequency-specific antibody response to PvMSP-1₁₉, as determined by ELISA. The subjects were grouped into responders and non-responders to the recombinant protein. (b) Prevalence of anti-PvMSP-₁₉ IgG antibodies in the studied groups. (c) PvMSP-1₁₉ reactivity index (RI) between the studied groups as expressed in box plot format, with individual data shown as points. Multiple correlations were made using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test (minimum to maximum values, P25%–P75% and median); significant differences were estimated using the median values for each group, and those with p < 0.05 were considered significant. ** p < 0.05, *** p = 0.001 and **** p < 0.001.</p