Geoquímica fluvial e balanço de denudação em Tinguaítos de Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais

A Bacia do Córrego da Ariranha, Caldeira Vulcânica de Poços de Caldas, é formada por rochas alcalinas tinguaítos (fonólitos intrusivos). Como não há estudos associados à evolução do relevo em regiões com esse tipo de rocha, o presente trabalho visou à avaliação do balanço de denudação nessa bacia hidrográfica. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas e avaliados os seguintes parâmetros durante um ano hidrológico: vazão (m3/s), precipitação (mm), pH, condutividade elétrica (μS/cm), oxigênio dissolvido (mg/L), sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD) e em suspensão (STS) (mg/L). A média para vazão e temperatura foi de 0,12 m3/s e 20,80ºC, respectivamente. Os valores de pH situaram-se próximos à neutralidade (6,4), a condutividade elétrica variou entre 30 e 78 μS/cm e as concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, entre 5,4 e 7,9 mg/L. Um total de 15,5 t/km2/ano de material dissolvido foi transportado pelas águas superficiais e um aporte atmosférico de 6,0 t/km2/ano, obtendo-se um fluxo anual de material removido pela alteração química das rochas alcalinas tinguaítos de 9,5 t/km2/ano com uma taxa de alteração de 3,6 m/Ma. Quanto ao material suspenso, aproximadamente 9,9 t/km2/ano foram transportadas pelas drenagens, com um aporte pluvial de 1,2 t/km2/ano. Isso indica um fluxo anual de material removido associado à denudação dos solos da bacia de 8,7 t/km2/ano ou aproximadamente 200 mil anos para alterar 1 metro de solo nas condições climáticas atuais. The Ariranha Stream basin, Poços de Caldas Volcanic Caldera, Brazil, is formed by tinguaite alkaline rocks (intrusive phonolites). There are not studies on relief evolution in regions with this type of rock, so the present work aimed to evaluate the denudate balance in this hydrographic basin. For this purpose, the following parameters were collected and evaluated during one hydrological year: flow rate (m3/s), precipitation (mm), pH, electrical conductivity (μS/cm), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), total dissolved and suspended solids (mg/L). Flow rate and temperature averages were 0.12 m3/s and 20.80ºC, respectively. The pH values were close to neutrality (6.4); the electrical conductivity varied from 30 to 78 μS/cm; and the dissolved oxygen concentrations from 5.4 to 7.9 mg/L. The total of 15.5 t/km2/year of dissolved material were transported by surface waters, and the atmospheric input was of 6.0 t/km2/year, obtaining an annual removed material by the tinguaite alkaline rocks chemical alteration of 9.5 t/km2/year with weathering rate of 3.6 m/Myr. Regarding the suspended material, approximately 9.9 t/km2/year were transported by drainage, with an atmospheric input of 1.2 t/km2/year. It indicates annual flow of 8.7 t/km2 of removed material associated with the basin soils denudation, or approximately 200 thousand years to change 1 soil meter in the current climatic conditions

Tumor necrosis factor α, and agonist and antagonists of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and type 2 alter the immunophenotype of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the immunomodulatory profile of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, in the presence or absence of TNF-α, and agonist and antagonists of CB1 and CB2. Methods Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth were cultured in the presence or absence of an agonist, anandamide, and two antagonists, AM251 and SR144528, of CB1 and CB2 receptors, with or without TNF-α stimulation. For analysis of immunomodulation, surface molecules linked to immunomodulation, namely human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR), and programmed death ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) were measured using flow cytometry. Results The inhibition of endocannabinoid receptors together with the proinflammatory effect of TNF-α resulted in increased HLA-DR expression in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, as well as, in these cells acquiring an anti-inflammatory profile by enhancing the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2. Conclusion Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth respond to the endocannabinoid system and TNF-α by altering key immune response molecules

Análise da aplicabilidade do protocolo de identificação correta do paciente: Um relato de experiência / Analysis of applicability correct patient identification protocol: An experience report

Objetivo: Analisar o protocolo de identificação do paciente e sua aplicabilidade dentro do serviço de saúde, correlacionando à teoria e prática observada com as orientações do ministério da saúde, ANVISA e Fiocruz. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, fundamentado na análise do protocolo de identificação do paciente utilizado pela instituição hospitalar, e os protocolos normativos dos órgãos de saúde. Resultados: Foi analisado o protocolo de identificação do paciente e diante percebe-se que a instituição segue em sua grande maioria de acordo com o que os protocolos de saúde determinam. Considerações finais: Conclui-se que embora o protocolo existente no serviço esteja embasado no Protocolo de Identificação do Paciente, ainda sim existe uma necessidade de sua atualização e a realização de educação permanente para os profissionais que realizam a assistência

Effects of Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) on wound healing in alloxan-diabetic rats

Purpose: To evaluate wound healing in diabetic rats by using topic Andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis). Methods: Six male, adult, Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: Sham group (wound treatment with distilled water); Collagenase group (treatment with collagenase ointment); and Andiroba group (wound treatment with Andiroba oil). The wound was evaluated considering the macroscopic and microscopic parameters. Results: The results indicated differences in the healing of incisional wounds between treatments when compared to control group. Accelerated wound healing was observed in the group treated with Andiroba oil and Collagenase in comparison to control group, especially after the 14th day. Morphometric data confirmed the structural findings. Conclusion: There was significant effect in topical application of Andiroba oil on wound healing in rats with induced diabetes.   Keywords: Medicinal plants. Diabetes Mellitus. Wound healing. Rats

Genomic history of coastal societies from eastern South America

Sambaqui (shellmound) societies are among the most intriguing archaeological phenomena in pre-colonial South America, extending from approximately 8,000 to 1,000 years before present (yr bp) across 3,000 km on the Atlantic coast. However, little is known about their connection to early Holocene hunter-gatherers, how this may have contributed to different historical pathways and the processes through which late Holocene ceramists came to rule the coast shortly before European contact. To contribute to our understanding of the population history of indigenous societies on the eastern coast of South America, we produced genome-wide data from 34 ancient individuals as early as 10,000 yr bp from four different regions in Brazil. Early Holocene hunter-gatherers were found to lack shared genetic drift among themselves and with later populations from eastern South America, suggesting that they derived from a common radiation and did not contribute substantially to later coastal groups. Our analyses show genetic heterogeneity among contemporaneous Sambaqui groups from the southeastern and southern Brazilian coast, contrary to the similarity expressed in the archaeological record. The complex history of intercultural contact between inland horticulturists and coastal populations becomes genetically evident during the final horizon of Sambaqui societies, from around 2,200 yr bp, corroborating evidence of cultural change

Validating the predictive ability of the 2MACE score for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation:results from phase II/III of the GLORIA-AF registry

The 2MACE score was specifically developed as a risk-stratification tool in atrial fibrillation (AF) to predict cardiovascular outcomes. We evaluated the predictive ability of the 2MACE score in the GLORIA-AF registry. All eligible patients from phase II/III of the prospective global GLORIA-AF registry were included. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were defined as the composite outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Cox proportional hazards were used to examine the relationship between the 2MACE score and study outcomes. Predictive capability of the 2MACE score was investigated using receiver-operating characteristic curves. A total of 25,696 patients were included (mean age 71 years, female 44.9%). Over 3 years, 1583 MACEs were recorded. Patients who had MACE were older, with more cardiovascular risk factors and were less likely to be managed using a rhythm-control strategy. The median 2MACE score in the MACE and non-MACE groups were 2 (IQR 1–3) and 1 (IQR 0–2), respectively (p < 0.001). The 2MACE score was positively associated with an increase in the risk of MACE, with a score of ≥ 2 providing the best combination of sensitivity (69.6%) and specificity (51.6%), HR 2.47 (95% CI, 2.21–2.77). The 2MACE score had modest predictive performance for MACE in patients with AF (AUC 0.655 (95% CI, 0.641–0.669)). Our analysis in this prospective global registry demonstrates that the 2MACE score can adequately predict the risk of MACE (defined as myocardial infarction, CV death and stroke) in patients with AF. Clinical trial registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007 and NCT01937377

Patterns of oral anticoagulant use and outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation:a post-hoc analysis from the GLORIA-AF Registry

Background: Previous studies suggested potential ethnic differences in the management and outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aim to analyse oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription, discontinuation, and risk of adverse outcomes in Asian patients with AF, using data from a global prospective cohort study. Methods: From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase II–III (November 2011–December 2014 for Phase II, and January 2014–December 2016 for Phase III), we analysed patients according to their self-reported ethnicity (Asian vs. non-Asian), as well as according to Asian subgroups (Chinese, Japanese, Korean and other Asian). Logistic regression was used to analyse OAC prescription, while the risk of OAC discontinuation and adverse outcomes were analysed through Cox-regression model. Our primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The original studies were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01468701, NCT01671007, and NCT01937377. Findings: 34,421 patients were included (70.0 ± 10.5 years, 45.1% females, 6900 (20.0%) Asian: 3829 (55.5%) Chinese, 814 (11.8%) Japanese, 1964 (28.5%) Korean and 293 (4.2%) other Asian). Most of the Asian patients were recruited in Asia (n = 6701, 97.1%), while non-Asian patients were mainly recruited in Europe (n = 15,449, 56.1%) and North America (n = 8378, 30.4%). Compared to non-Asian individuals, prescription of OAC and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) was lower in Asian patients (Odds Ratio [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.23 [0.22–0.25] and 0.66 [0.61–0.71], respectively), but higher in the Japanese subgroup. Asian ethnicity was also associated with higher risk of OAC discontinuation (Hazard Ratio [HR] and [95% CI]: 1.79 [1.67–1.92]), and lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.76–0.96]). Among the exploratory secondary outcomes, Asian ethnicity was associated with higher risks of thromboembolism and intracranial haemorrhage, and lower risk of major bleeding. Interpretation: Our results showed that Asian patients with AF showed suboptimal thromboembolic risk management and a specific risk profile of adverse outcomes; these differences may also reflect differences in country-specific factors. Ensuring integrated and appropriate treatment of these patients is crucial to improve their prognosis. Funding: The GLORIA-AF Registry was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH.</p

Anticoagulant selection in relation to the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score in patients with atrial fibrillation:The GLORIA-AF registry

Aim: The SAMe-TT2R2 score helps identify patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) likely to have poor anticoagulation control during anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and those with scores &gt;2 might be better managed with a target-specific oral anticoagulant (NOAC). We hypothesized that in clinical practice, VKAs may be prescribed less frequently to patients with AF and SAMe-TT2R2 scores &gt;2 than to patients with lower scores. Methods and results: We analyzed the Phase III dataset of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA-AF), a large, global, prospective global registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF and ≥1 stroke risk factor. We compared baseline clinical characteristics and antithrombotic prescriptions to determine the probability of the VKA prescription among anticoagulated patients with the baseline SAMe-TT2R2 score &gt;2 and ≤ 2. Among 17,465 anticoagulated patients with AF, 4,828 (27.6%) patients were prescribed VKA and 12,637 (72.4%) patients an NOAC: 11,884 (68.0%) patients had SAMe-TT2R2 scores 0-2 and 5,581 (32.0%) patients had scores &gt;2. The proportion of patients prescribed VKA was 28.0% among patients with SAMe-TT2R2 scores &gt;2 and 27.5% in those with scores ≤2. Conclusions: The lack of a clear association between the SAMe-TT2R2 score and anticoagulant selection may be attributed to the relative efficacy and safety profiles between NOACs and VKAs as well as to the absence of trial evidence that an SAMe-TT2R2-guided strategy for the selection of the type of anticoagulation in NVAF patients has an impact on clinical outcomes of efficacy and safety. The latter hypothesis is currently being tested in a randomized controlled trial. Clinical trial registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov//Unique identifier: NCT01937377, NCT01468701, and NCT01671007.</p