Optymalne rozwiązania rekultywacji terenów na wybranych przykładach

In the landfill closing process the reclamation works are carried out in a manner that protects the surface water and groundwater and the air from the harmful effects of landfill, integrates the area of the landfill with the surrounding environment and allows observation of the landfill impact on the environment. Similar activities are necessary into the areas covered by mining exploitation reclamation. The article presents the problem of land reclamation, on the example of Krakow municipal waste landfill, directly related to the exploitation of Borehole Salt Mine “Barycz”.W procesie zamknięcia składowiska odpadów wykonuje się prace rekultywacyjne w sposób zabezpieczający przed jego szkodliwym oddziaływaniem na wody powierzchniowe, podziemne, powietrze, integrujący obszar składowiska odpadów ze środowiskiem oraz umożliwiający obserwację wpływu składowiska odpadów na środowisko. Podobne działania niezbędne są do podjęcia w kierunku rekultywacji obszarów objętych eksploatacją górniczą. W artykule podejmuje się problem rekultywacji terenów, na przykładzie krakowskiego składowiska odpadów, bezpośrednio powiązanego z eksploatacją otworowej kopalni soli „Barycz”

Construction of a numerical groundwater flow model in areas of intense mine drainage, as exemplified by the Olkusz Zinc and Lead Ore Mining Area in southwest Poland

Areas of intense mine drainage that are subjected to numerical modelling require the construction of a complex model structure that will properly reflect actual conditions. This paper presents the process and results of constructing such a structure for the Olkusz Zinc and Lead Ore Mining Area, an area situated in a cone of depression the extent of which reaches 500 km 2 . This size range calls for a selection of appropriate external boundaries, properly separated from these of the mine drainage area. The complex geological structure of the Olkusz area, associated with considerable variation in the thickness of rock formations, discontinuities of rock levels and occurrence of numerous faults, must be schema- tised so that calculation layers can be identified. The faults in the study area have to be reflected in the regional model structure, although only those faults that actually affect groundwater flows should be selected. The model structure needs to include detailed recognition and reflection of hydraulic contacts between aquifer levels, together with a selec- tion of hydrogeological parameters that are different for particular formations. Only a complex structure built in such a manner may be the foundation of further model studies

Budowa geologiczna i techniki eksploatacji złoża w wyrobiskach nowej trasy specjalistycznej w Kopalni Soli "Wieliczka" Geological structure and exploitation techniques in excavation chambers of the new specialist route in the Wieliczka Salt Mine /

Tyt. z nagłówka.Bibliogr. s. 309-310.Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.STRESZCZENIE: Od wieków kopalnia wielicka udostępniała zwiedzającym swoje podziemia. Wieloletnia jej współpraca z uczelniami i jednostkami badawczymi w kraju i na świecie, a także rosnąca popularność turystyki aktywnej doprowadziła do udostępniania podziemnych wyrobisk poza istniejącą trasą turystyczną. Wiosną 2009 roku podjęto decyzję o przygotowaniu trasy dla grup specjalistycznych, ukazującej różne sposoby eksploatacji górniczej, z ciekawymi odsłonięciami budowy geologicznej złoża. Ostatecznie zdecydowano o wytyczeniu nowej trasy na poziomach od I do III w centralnej i wschodniej części kopalni, w wyrobiskach o długości około 3400 m. W artykule przedstawiono zarys problematyki geologicznej i górniczej, z jakimi zwiedzający mogą się zapoznać. Przedstawiono także uwarunkowania hydrogeologiczne oraz atrakcyjne poznawczo i widokowo miejsca wtórnej krystalizacji halitu. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: kopalnia soli "Wieliczka", budowa geologiczna, miocen, techniki eksploatacji, złoże soli kamiennej, wtórna krystalizacja halitu. ABSTRACT: Since centuries the Wieliczka Salt Mine has been open to visitors. Many-year collaboration with the Polish and world universities and research institutes, and also growing popularity of the active tourism, led to the opening of undergrounds excavation chambers off the existing regular tourist route. In spring of 2009 the decision about preparing the route for the specialists' groups was made. The route illustrates different methods of salt excavation with interesting exposures of the salt deposit geological structure. Finally, the new ca. 3400-m long route leads along levels I, II and III of the central and eastern part of the mine. The paper describes geological and mining aspects presented to visitors. It also explains the hydrological conditions and presents attractive locations of the halite re-crystallization sites. KEYWORDS: miocene, Wieliczka salt mine, geological structure, exploitation techniques, salt deposits, halite re-crystallisation

Doszczelnienie zlikwidowanego szybu Górsko w Kopalni Soli "Wieliczka"

Tyt. z nagł.Bibliogr. s. [48].W artykule przedstawiono rozwiązania techniczne związane z uszczelnieniem zlikwidowanego szybu Górsko w Kopalni Soli "Wieliczka" Z uwagi na stwierdzone na poszczególnych poziomach kopalni wycieki w otoczeniu szybu zachodzi konieczność wykonania uszczelnienia górnego odcinka szybu od powierzchni terenu do granicy warstw czwartorzędowych z warstwami trzeciorzędowymi. Zadaniem cementacji doszczelniającej w szybie Górsko jest: zlikwidowanie dopływu wód powierzchniowych i ługowania przez nie górotworu solnego w otoczeniu szybu, uzyskanie płaszcza betonowego wokół rury szybu Górsko oraz zespolenie masywu skalnego do stanu zapewniającego jego stateczność.This paper presents technical solutions related to the sealing of the liquidated Gorsko Shaft in the Wieliczka Salt Mine. Due to the identified spills in the surroundings of the shaft at different levels of the mine, sealing is necessary in the upper part of the shaft from the surface to the boundary between the tertiary and quaternary layers. The goals of sealing cementation of the Górsko Shaft is: i) to eliminate surface water inflow leaching salt deposits into surroundings of the shaft, ii) obtain a concrete coat around the Gorsko Shaft tube, and iii) consolidate rock massif to ensure stability of the salt rock formation.Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.SŁOWA KLUCZOWE: dopływ wód do wyrobisk, doszczelnienie szybu, otwory doszczelniające, cementacja. KEYWORDS: water inflow, shaft sealing, sealing vents, cementation

Revitalisation of the shaft top of mineshaft “Górsko” in “Wieliczka” salt mine

The article presents the historical context of the shaft top of mineshaft “Górsko” in the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, the current condition of the building, and planned adaptation of the closed shaft top facility for service purposes. Construction works comprise operations to eliminate the destructive factors, stop the process of decay, restate the full aesthetical value of the elevation, and enable full use of the building

Surface Microgravity Monitoring of Underground Water Migration: A Case Study in Wieliczka, Poland

Excessive water inflow in a mine poses a great threat to its operation, especially in the case of a salt mine. In 1992, a rapid outflow of water occurred in the Mina traverse in the Wieliczka Salt Mine, and a number of investigations were undertaken to assess the causes of the outflow and the condition of the rock mass, including the gravity and microgravity surveys discussed in this paper. The first of these was to investigate the rock mass with respect to its geological, hydrogeological properties and mining. The aim of study was to monitor the changes in the rock mass density and the impact of these changes on the subsidence of the ground surface. The surveys provided information on the geological structure of the study area and helped to identify possible routes for water migration. The first data confirmed density changes in the shallow parts of the rock mass, manifested by subsidence of the land surface. However, the subsequent measurements failed to show any significant density changes in the shallow parts of the rock mass, despite the subsidence of the land surface. Therefore, it can be argued that the processes in the rock mass did not cause voids in the shallow parts of the rock mass that could lead to discontinuous deformations. These processes run deep and caused only continuous deformations in the form of subsidence basins

Changes in the flow rate of the Sztoła River (Olkusz area) under mining drainage conditions

The Sztoła River is a left-bank tributary of the Biała Przemsza River, into which it flows on the outskirts of the Jaworzno city. Mining of the Quaternary backfilling sands in the Szczakowa sand pit, which is located near the estuary of the Szoła River, began in the mid-1950s. At the beginning of the 1960s, the excavations of the underground Olkusz mine of zinc and lead ores, which was built to the east of the upper part of the Sztoła River, began to be drained. The excavations occurred in Triassic carbonate rocks. The gravity drainage system of the Szczakowa sand pit was moving east, up the river, and at the same time the difference between the drainage affected and the natural groundwater level in the Sztoła Riverbasin increased. At the end of the1960s the level and length of the main drainage excavations in the Olkusz mine were already stabilized. The changing range of the Szczakowa sand pit drainage and the quasi-fixed drainage range of the Olkusz mine had an impact on the supply conditions of the Sztoła River, which was recharged by underground water from the Olkusz-Pomorzany mine. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the drainage impact of both mines on changes in the flow rate of the Sztoła River in the years 1959-2021 and an estimated forecast of the river condition after shutting down the drainage of the Olkusz area mines in December 2021

Surface Microgravity Monitoring of Underground Water Migration: A Case Study in Wieliczka, Poland

Excessive water inflow in a mine poses a great threat to its operation, especially in the case of a salt mine. In 1992, a rapid outflow of water occurred in the Mina traverse in the Wieliczka Salt Mine, and a number of investigations were undertaken to assess the causes of the outflow and the condition of the rock mass, including the gravity and microgravity surveys discussed in this paper. The first of these was to investigate the rock mass with respect to its geological, hydrogeological properties and mining. The aim of study was to monitor the changes in the rock mass density and the impact of these changes on the subsidence of the ground surface. The surveys provided information on the geological structure of the study area and helped to identify possible routes for water migration. The first data confirmed density changes in the shallow parts of the rock mass, manifested by subsidence of the land surface. However, the subsequent measurements failed to show any significant density changes in the shallow parts of the rock mass, despite the subsidence of the land surface. Therefore, it can be argued that the processes in the rock mass did not cause voids in the shallow parts of the rock mass that could lead to discontinuous deformations. These processes run deep and caused only continuous deformations in the form of subsidence basins

Influence of Hydrogeological Investigation’s Accuracy on Technology of Shaft Sinking and Design of Shaft Lining—Case Study from Southern Poland

Accuracy of hydrogeological and geotechnical investigation in place of shaft sinking is a key factor for selection of sinking method and design of the shaft lining. The following work presents the influence of the rising level of accuracy of geological data gathered in the area of shaft sinking in the Silesian Coal Basin and technical projects of shaft lining and technology of its sinking, which have been changing over the years. The initial project of the shaft was repeatedly modified. Each modification eventuated in rising requirements for the shaft lining, such as increasing its thickness or changing concrete class. It has become necessary to use additional methods of reinforcing rock mass around the shaft

The charakteristic and origin of the 55/750 leakage in the “Kłodawa” Salt Mine

Zagrożenie wodne w Kopalni Soli „Kłodawa” występuje od ponad 65 lat, czyli od rozpoczęcia eksploatacji soli. Jednym z wycieków stanowiących zagrożenie jest zjawisko wodne nr 55 występujące na poziomie 750. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki monitoringu tego zjawiska wodnego. Kopalnia prowadzi systematyczną kontrolę wydajności wycieku i jego składu chemicznego oraz izotopowego. Wyniki tych badań pozwalają na określenie wody pochodzącej z tego zjawiska wodnego jako syngenetycznej solanki pochodzącej z wód uwięzionych w wysadzie.The water hazard in the “Kłodawa” Salt Mine has been present for more than 65 years, since the beginning of the salt exploitation. The water phenomenon No. 55, occurring at the level 750, is one of the leakages contributing to this threat. The article presents the results of this water phenomenon monitoring conducted by the mine. Systematic control of this leakage consits of efficiency, and also chemical and isotopic composition measurements. Based on the monitoring results, water coming from this phenomenon can be considered as a syngenetic brine, originating from waters trapped in the salt deposit