Rôle physiologique joué par l'interleukine -6 au cours de l'exercice physique - Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de production par le muscle et des réponses du tissu hépatique

During prolonged exercise, skeletal muscles produce and release interleukin-6 (IL-6). This production correlates with both exercise intensity and decrease in muscle glycogen stores. IL-6 is thought to act, in an hormone-like manner, to increase endogenous glucose production by the liver.Our first aim was to investigate the control of IL-6 gene expression in rat skeletal muscle at the end of exercise, focusing on the calcineurin signaling, an important contraction-responsive pathway. We first showed that IL-6 gene transcription occurred in oxidative muscle fibers (I and IIa) and was associated with a high calcineurin activity. In a second experiment we have shown that calcineurin inhibitors administration (ciclosporin A or FK506) significantly blunted IL-6 gene transcription in slow/oxidative muscles, resulting in no protein trafficking in the plasma. Thus, we demonstrated that calcineurin pathway is involved in IL-6 gene control in contracting skeletal muscle.Our second aim was to study IL-6 action in the liver during exercise, especially IL-6 involvement in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene control, a key enzyme of hepatic gluconeogenesis. We provide new arguments to think that circulating IL-6 acts directly on hepatic tissue and possibly contributes to PEPCK gene transcription regulation during exercise. We also suggest that new protagonists, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator alpha (PGC-1α) and Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), may be involved in gluconeogenesis control during exercise.Lors d'un exercice physique prolongé, les muscles produisent et libèrent de l'interleukine-6 (IL-6). Cette production est corrélée à l'intensité de l'exercice et à la baisse des réserves musculaires en glycogène. L'IL-6 agirait par voie endocrine en favorisant la production endogène de glucose par le foie.Notre premier objectif était d'étudier le contrôle de l'expression du gène IL-6 dans le muscle squelettique à l'exercice chez le rat et plus particulièrement l'importance de la voie de signalisation de la calcineurine, activée par la contraction musculaire. Nous avons d'abord montré que la transcription du gène IL-6 avait lieu dans les fibres musculaires oxydatives (I et IIa) et était associée à une activité importante de la voie de la calcineurine. Nous avons ensuite montré que l'administration d'inhibiteurs pharmacologiques de la calcineurine (ciclosporine A ou FK506) diminuait significativement la transcription du gène IL-6 dans les muscles lents/oxydatifs, prévenant ainsi l'apparition de la protéine dans le plasma. Nous avons ainsi démontré l'implication de la voie de la calcineurine dans le contrôle du gène codant IL-6 dans le muscle en réponse à un exercice unique. Notre deuxième objectif était d'étudier l'action d'IL-6 sur le foie à l'exercice, plus particulièrement sur le contrôle du gène codant une enzyme clé de la néoglucogenèse, la phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Nous apportons des arguments expérimentaux en faveur d'un effet direct d'IL-6 sur le tissu hépatique et d'un contrôle possible de la transcription du gène codant PEPCK par l'IL-6 circulante. D'autre part nous suggérons l'implication d'acteurs moléculaires nouveaux, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator alpha (PGC-1α) et Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), dans le contrôle de la néoglucogenèse à l'exercice

Role physiologique joue par l'interleukine-6 au cours de l'exercice physique

GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Phenotype-Specific Response of Circulating miRNAs Provides New Biomarkers of Slow or Fast Muscle Damage

Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue composed of a continuum of contracting fibers ranging from slow-type to fast-type fibers. Muscle damage is a frequent event and a susceptibility of fast-fibers to exercise-induced damage (EIMD) or statins toxicity has been reported. Biological markers of muscle damage such as creatine kinase (CK) are not fiber-type specific and new biomarkers are needed. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) are specific to the muscle tissue, can be found in the extracellular compartment and can rise in the plasma following muscle damage. Our aim was to identify whether a set of circulating miRNAs can be used as fiber-type specific biomarkers of muscle damage in a model of traumatic (crush) injuries induced either in the slow soleus (SOL) or in the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of rats. A subset of miRNAs composed of miR-1-3p, -133a-3p, -133b-3p, 206-3p, -208b-3p, 378a-3p, -434-3p, and -499-5p were measured by RT-PCR in non-injured SOL or EDL muscle and in the plasma of rats 12 h after damage induced to SOL or EDL. MiR-133b-3p, -378a-3p, and -434-3p were equally expressed both in SOL and EDL muscles. MiR-1-3-p and -133a-3p levels were higher in EDL compared to SOL (1.3- and 1.1-fold, respectively). Conversely, miR-206-3p, -208b-3p, and -499-5p were mainly expressed in SOL compared to EDL (7.4-, 35.4-, and 10.7-fold, respectively). In the plasma, miR-1-3p and -133a-3p were elevated following muscle damage compared to a control group, with no difference between SOL and EDL. MiR-133b-3p and -434-3p plasma levels were significantly higher in EDL compared to SOL (1.8- and 2.4-fold, respectively), while miR-378a-3p rose only in the EDL group. MiR-206-3p levels were elevated in SOL only (fourfold compared to EDL). Our results show that plasma miR-133b-3p and -434 are fast-fiber specific biomarkers, while miR-206-3p is a robust indicator of slow-fiber damage, opening new perspectives to monitor fiber-type selective muscle damage in research and clinic

Circulating myomiRs: a new class of biomarkers to monitor skeletal muscle in physiology and medicine

International audienc

A Murine Model of a Burn Wound Reconstructed with an Allogeneic Skin Graft

International audienc

Quantification of low-expressed mRNA using 5' LNA-containing real-time PCR primers.

International audienceReal-time RT-PCR is the most sensitive and accurate method for mRNA quantification. Using specific recombinant DNA as a template, real-time PCR allows accurate quantification within a 7-log range and increased sensitivity below 10 copies. However, when using RT-PCR to quantify mRNA in biological samples, a stochastic off-targeted amplification can occur. Classical adjustments of assay parameters have minimal effects on such amplification. This undesirable amplification appears mostly to be dependent on specific to non-specific target ratio rather than on the absolute quantity of the specific target. This drawback, which decreases assay reliability, mostly appears when quantifying low-expressed transcript in a whole organ. An original primer design using properties of LNA allows to block off-target amplification. 5'-LNA substitution strengthens 5'-hybridization. Consequently on-target hybridization is stabilized and the probability for the off-target to lead to amplification is decreased

Spinal cord injury dysregulates fibro-adipogenic progenitors miRNAs signaling to promote neurogenic heterotopic ossifications

Abstract Neurogenic heterotopic ossifications are intramuscular bone formations developing following central nervous system injury. The pathophysiology is poorly understood and current treatments for this debilitating condition remain unsatisfying. Here we explored the role of miRNAs in a clinically relevant mouse model that combines muscle and spinal cord injury, and in patients’ cells. We found an osteo-suppressive miRNAs response in injured muscle that was hindered when the spinal cord injury was associated. In isolated fibro-adipogenic progenitors from damaged muscle (cells at the origin of ossification), spinal cord injury induced a downregulation of osteo-suppressive miRNAs while osteogenic markers were overexpressed. The overexpression of selected miRNAs in patient’s fibro-adipogenic progenitors inhibited mineralization and osteo-chondrogenic markers in vitro. Altogether, we highlighted an osteo-suppressive mechanism involving multiple miRNAs in response to muscle injury that prevents osteogenic commitment which is ablated by the neurologic lesion in heterotopic ossification pathogenesis. This provides new research hypotheses for preventive treatments