PENGARUH JENIS DAN JUMLAH PUREE KACANG-KACANGAN TERHADAP SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK DENDENG JAMUR (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Abstrak Dendeng jamur merupakan produk olahan lauk sumber protein nabati berbentuk lempeng dengan ketebalan 3-5 mm, berasa manis dan khas bumbu dendeng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh jenis puree kacang-kacangan terhadap sifat organoleptik (warna, bentuk, aroma, rasa, tekstur, keempukan, dan tingkat kesukaan) dendeng jamur; 2) pengaruh jumlah puree kacang-kacangan terhadap sifat organoleptik dendeng jamur; 3) pengaruh interaksi jenis dan jumlah puree kacang-kacangan terhadap sifat organoleptik dendeng jamur; 4) sifat organoleptik dendeng jamur terbaik; 5) kandungan protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kalsium, zat besi, dan fosfor dendeng jamur terbaik; dan 6) harga jual dendeng jamur terbaik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 3x3. Variabel bebas yaitu jenis dan jumlah puree kacang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi melalui uji organoleptik oleh 18 panelis terlatih dan 20 panelis semi terlatih dengan instrumen lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis varians ganda (anova) dan uji lanjut Duncan dengan bantuan SPSS 17.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) jenis kacang-kacangan berpengaruh terhadap warna, aroma, dan rasa, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap tekstur, keempukan dan kesukaan dendeng jamur; 2) jumlah puree kacang-kacangan berpengaruh terhadap warna (matang), tekstur, keempukan, dan kesukaan, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap warna (kering), aroma dan rasa dendeng jamur; 3) interaksi jenis dan jumlah puree kacang-kacangan berpengaruh terhadap rasa, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap warna, bentuk, aroma, tekstur, keempukan dan kesukaan dendeng jamur; 4) dendeng jamur kacang merah 15% dengan karakteristik warna (kering) coklat, bentuk bulat pipih dan sedikit nampak retak pada bagian tepi, warna (matang) coklat tua, aroma gurih khas bumbu dendeng, manis, gurih dan tidak berasa jamur tiram, tekstur cukup halus dan cukup berserat serta cukup empuk; 5) kandungan gizi dendeng jamur terbaik adalah protein 15,76%, karbohidrat 44,88%, lemak 2,05%, zat besi 0,025 ppm, kalsium 0,048 ppm, dan fosfor 0,368 ppm; 6) harga jual dendeng jamur terbaik adalah Rp. 37.000,00 per kilogram. Kata kunci : Dendeng jamur, kacang-kacangan.   Abstract Mushrooms dendeng are side dish products as vegetals protein sources shaped slabs with a thickness of 3-5mm, sweet taste and distinctive dendeng seasoning. The aims of this research are to find 1) the effect of type nuts puree of mushroom dendeng organoleptics (color, shape, aroma, flavor, texture, tenderness, and the level of preference); 2) the effect of quantity nuts puree of mushroom dendeng organoleptics; 3) the effect of interaction type and quantity nuts puree of mushroom dendeng organoleptics; 4) the best of mushroom dendeng organoleptics; 5) protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium and phosphorus of the best mushrooms dendeng; and 6) selling price of the best mushrooms dendeng. This type of research is an experiment with a 3x3 factorial design, which were the independent variables was type and quantity of nuts puree. Collecting data using the method of observation through organoleptic test by 18 panelists trained and 20 semi-trained panelists used instrument observation sheet. Analysis of data using multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan advanced test using SPSS 17.0. The results of research showed that 1) type of nuts puree effected on colour, aroma, and flavour, but didn’t effect on texture, tenderness and preferences of mushrooms dendeng; 2) quantity of nuts puree effected on color (cooked), texture, tenderness, and preferences, but didn’t effect on color (dried), aroma, and flavour of mushrooms dendeng; 3) interaction type and quantity nuts puree effected on flavour, but didn’t effect on colour, shape, aroma, texture, tenderness and preferences; 4) The characteristics of mushrooms dendeng on red kidney bean 15% were color (dried) brown, flat round shape and slightly visible cracks on the edges, color (cooked) dark brown, savory aroma typical dendeng seasonings, sweet, savory and didn’t oyster mushrooms taste, texture smooth enough and sufficiently fibrous and soft enough ; 5) the nutrients of the best mushrooms dendeng were protein 15,76%, fat 2,05%, carbohydrates 44,88%, calcium 0,048 ppm, iron 0,025 ppm  and phosphorus 0,368 ppm; 6) Selling prices of the best mushrooms dendeng was Rp. 37.000,00 per kilograms. Key words: mushrooms dendeng, nut

Suplemen Calcitriol Dosis Tinggi Mencegah Osteoporosis dan Memicu Urolitiasis pada Tikus Ovariektomi

Calcitriol supplementation in ovariectomized rats for 8 weeks reduce osteoporosis risk and safe for kidney depend a proper dose. The objective of the research was to study the efectivity of high dose calcitriol for osteoporosis prevention and safe for kidney  in ovariectomized Wistar rats. Fifteen female Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into three  groups of five which were sham operated rats (KN), ovariectomized rats (KOV), and ovariectomized rats+calcitriol supplementation 200ng/day (OVD200). After 8 weeks of treatment, blood samples were taken from plexus orbitalis medialis for estrogen analysis. All rats were then euthanized, left tibia and left kidney were taken for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Immunohistochemistry using anti TRAP5b monoclonal antibody was also done for left tibia by streptavidin-biotin.  The results showed that estradiol level of KOV was significantly decreased compared with KN (P<0.05), meanwhile, estradiol levels of OVD200 were not significantly different compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure of kidney in KOV was not different compared with KN. Glomerulus was surrounded by Bowman‘s capsule, proximal and distal convoluted tubulus were lined with typical cuboidal epithelium. Immunohistochemistry result of proximal tibial epiphysis in KOV were shown more tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) expression in trabecular bone, which was located in bone marrow space, and trabecular speculum surface as well. Meanwhile, proximal tibia epiphysis in OVD200 had less tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) expression compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure  of proximal tibia epiphysis in group OVD200 was shown more trabecular bone speculum and less adipocyte in the bone marrow compared with KOV. Histopathologic figure of kidney in OVD200 was showed glomerular  hypertrophy and atrophy, as well as protein deposits in proximal convoluted tubules epithelium.  In conclusion, calcitriol supplementation 200ng/day in ovariectomized rats for 8 weeks prevented osteoporosis risk but trigger urolithiasis. Key words :  : Calcitriol, osteoporosis, ovariectomized rats, urolithiasi

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMBINATIONS OF CALCITRIOL AND ETHYNIL ETHYL ESTRADIOL TO DECREASE OSTEOPOROSIS AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER RISKS IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS

The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of calcitriol and ethynil ethyl estradiol combinations to decrease osteoporosis and endometrial cancer risks in ovariectomized Wistar rats. Twenty five 8-week old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (normal controlled rats/NK, ovariectomized rats/OVK, ovariectomized rats + calcitriol supplementation/OVD, ovariectomized rats + ethynil ethyl estradiol supplementation/OVE, and ovariectomized rats + calcitriol + ethynil ethyl estradiol supplementation/OVDE). At the end of the study, all rats were weighed and euthanized with 10% ketamine and 2% xylazine. Uterus and left femur were taken and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Uterus was weighed before the fixation. The results showed that the percentage of uterus weight in OVK was significantly decreased compared to NK. Meanwhile, the percentage of uterus weight in OVDE was significantly increased compared to OVK. Histopathological features of the uterus in OVK were atrophy, reduction of myometrial and endometrial layers thickness, and formation of cuboidal epithelium in the endometrial lumen. However, the thickness of myometrial and endometrial layers in OVDE were increased, and its endometrial lumen was lined with metaplastic and hyperplastic squamous cell. Histopathological features of distal femur epiphysis in OVK ras showed fewer trabecular spiculums and more adipocyte in the bone marrow compared to NK. However, OVDE had more trabecular bone spiculum and less adipocyte in the bone marrow compared to OVK. In conclusion, the combination of calcitriol and ethynil ethyl estradiol supplementation could reduce osteoporosis, but increased the endometrial cancer risk in ovariectomized Wistar rats

Respon Sistem Homeostasis Kalsium Tikus Ovariektomi Yang Mengkonsumsi Kombinasi Calcitriol Dengan Raloxifene

Normal range of calcium (Ca) level in the blood is maintained by Ca homeostasis in the intestinal, kidney and bone. The objective of this research was to study the response of calcium homeostasis system ovariectomized rats consuming combination of calcitriol and raloxifene by calcium balance study. Twenty five female Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were divided into five groups of five: normal control (NK), ovariectomy control (OVK), ovariectomy+calcitriol (OVD ), ovariectomy+ raloxifene (OVR), and ovariectomy+calcitriol+ 20raloxifene supplementation (OVDR), of five each. Seven weeks after the surgery, each rats was placed into individual metabolic cages for Ca balance studies (Ca consumption, feces and urine Ca excretion, and intestinalCa absorption). In 5 to 8 days of the balance studies, the remaining food, urine, and feces were collected every day for Ca analyses. The results showed that Ca consumption, feces and urine Ca excretion, and intestinal Ca absorption of OVDR rats were higher than OVK rats. Consumption and feces Ca excretion of OVDR rats were higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of estrogen hormone. Intestinal Ca absorption of OVDR rats was higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of parathyroid hormone. Meanwhile, urine Ca excretionof OVDR rats was higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of parathyroid hormone and estrogen. In conclusions, the response of calcium homeostasis system in ovariectomized rats consuming combination ofcalcitriol and raloxifene for 8 weeks was marked by increasing Ca absorption in intestine and Ca excretion in urine

Suplementasi Calcitriol Menurunkan Risiko Osteoporosis Tikus Ovariektomi

Suplemen calcitriol memicu pembentukan tulang, namun juga meningkatkan resorpsi tulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji efektivitas calcitriol dalam menurunkan risiko osteoporosis tikus ovariektomi. Lima belas tikus Wistar betina umur delapan minggu, dibagi tiga kelompok (kontrol normal KN, kontrol ovariektomi KOV, dan ovariektomi+ calcitriol OVD ) dan diberi perlakuan selama delapan minggu. Pada akhir perlakuan, 100 dilakukan pengambilan darah melalui pleksus retroorbitalis untuk pemeriksaan estradiol, selanjutnya semua tikus dietanasi menggunakan campuran ketamin10% dengan xylaxine 2%. Femur kiri diambil untuk pemeriksaan histopatologis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tikus KOV mempunyai konsentrasi estradiol yang secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan tikus KN, dan tikus OVD mempunyai konsentrasi estradiol tidak 100 berbeda signifikan dibanding tikus KOV. Gambaran histopatologis epifisis tulang femur distalis tikus OVD 100terlihat mempunyai lebih sedikit jaringan adiposit dan lebih banyak spikulum trabekula dibanding tikus KOV. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi calcitriol 100ng/hari selama delapan minggu pada tikus ovariektomi menurunkan risiko osteoporosis

Identifikasi Leptin setelah Luka Irisan padaTikus yang Diberi Pakan Lemak Tinggi = Leptin Identification After Wound Incision in The Rats Fed High Fat Diet

Leptin is a hormone produced by adipocytes and plays an important role in wound healing. The objectives of this research were to identify leptin and total leukocyte after incision on rat fed high fat diet and zinc topical application. Sixteen male Sprague Dawley rats at 3 months of age were used in this study. Rats were randomly allotted into 4 groups (A,B,C and D) of 4. Rats in group A and B were fed normal diet, while rats in group C and D were fed high fat diet. After 2 months of treatment, skin incision was done at the back side of the rat. Incision wound was then closed with single interrupted suture. The wound of the rats in group A and C was treated with vaseline, while in group Band D was treated with zinc 10%. Three days after surgery, blood was collected from each rat for leptin analysis and total leukocyte. Leptin level and total leukocyte were analyzed statistically using ANOVA for factorial experiment (2x2). The results showed that leptin level was significantly higher in rats fed high fat diet compared to that of the rats fed normal diet (

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera lamk) untuk Penyembuhan Luka Tikus Ovariektomi yang Diberi Diet Tinggi Lemak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian salep ekstrak etanol daun kelor 20% (EEDK 20%) pada penyembuhan luka berdasarkan gambaran histopatologi yang meliputi jumlah leukosit pada jaringan luka dan ketebalan epitel. Enam belas ekor tikus Sprague-Dawley betina, umur 3-4 bulan dengan berat 150-200 g, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan (A,B,C dan D) secara acak. Seluruh tikus diovariektomi dan diberi perlakuan pakan selama 8 minggu. Kelompok A dan C diberi pakan normal, sedangkan kelompok B dan D diberi pakan tinggi lemak. Setelah 8 minggu, dilakukan pengambilan darah untuk analisis kadar lemak (kolesterol dan trigliserida) dan pembuatan luka di area punggung dengan biopsy punch (8 mm). Perawatan dilakukan dengan pemberian salep selama 7 hari dan injeksi antibiotik. Kelompok A dan B diberi salep basis, sedangkan C dan D diberi salep EEDK 20%. Hari ke-7 dilakukan pengambilan jaringan kulit untuk analisis histopatologi dengan pengecatan Hematoksilin Eosin. Kadar lemak darah (kolesterol dan trigliserida) dianalisis secara statistik dengan one way ANOVA, sedangkan jumlah leukosit di jaringan dan ketebalan epitel dianalisis dengan two way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah leukosit di jaringan dipengaruhi oleh jenis salep (P<0.05), sedangkan ketebalan epitel dipengaruhi oleh jenis salep dan pakan (P<0,05). Salep EEDK 20% dapat menurunkan jumlah leukosit di jaringan, meningkatkan ketebalan epitel dan memiliki gambaran histopatologi kulit yang baik.  Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian salep EEDK 20% dapat meningkatkan proses penyembuhan luka tikus yang diovariektomi dan diberi pakan tinggi lemak.  Kata kunci : daun kelor; luka; penyembuhan; salep EEDK 20%; tinggi lema

Suplementasi Calcitriol Menurunkan Risiko Osteoporosis Tikus Ovariektomi

Suplemen calcitriol memicu pembentukan tulang, namun juga meningkatkan resorpsi tulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji efektivitas calcitriol dalam menurunkan risiko osteoporosis tikus ovariektomi. Lima belas tikus Wistar betina umur delapan minggu, dibagi tiga kelompok (kontrol normal KN, kontrol ovariektomi KOV, dan ovariektomi+ calcitriol OVD ) dan diberi perlakuan selama delapan minggu. Pada akhir perlakuan, 100 dilakukan pengambilan darah melalui pleksus retroorbitalis untuk pemeriksaan estradiol, selanjutnya semua tikus dietanasi menggunakan campuran ketamin10% dengan xylaxine 2%. Femur kiri diambil untuk pemeriksaan histopatologis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tikus KOV mempunyai konsentrasi estradiol yang secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan tikus KN, dan tikus OVD mempunyai konsentrasi estradiol tidak 100 berbeda signifikan dibanding tikus KOV. Gambaran histopatologis epifisis tulang femur distalis tikus OVD 100terlihat mempunyai lebih sedikit jaringan adiposit dan lebih banyak spikulum trabekula dibanding tikus KOV. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi calcitriol 100ng/hari selama delapan minggu pada tikus ovariektomi menurunkan risiko osteoporosis

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BINAHONG LEAVES ON DIABETIC WOUND HEALING

This research aimed to study the effectiveness of ethanol extract of binahong leaves on blood glucose, insulin, blood chemical profiles (serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase=SGPT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase=SGOT, ureum, and creatinine), and skin histopathology in diabetic rat. A total of 20 male Wistar rats aged 3 months (± 250 gram) were divided into five groups, with four rats in each group. Group I (non-diabetic control) was injected with 0.1 M sodium citrate buffer, while group II (diabetic control), III, IV, and V were injected with single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) at dose 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP). One week after the injection, the dorsal skin of the rats were excised. Group I and II were given cream topically and 1% NaCMC orally, group III was given 50% ethanol extract of binahong leaves (EEB) topically and 1% NaCMC orally, group IV was given cream topically and EEB 300 mg/kg orally, and group V was given 50% EEB topically and EEB 300 mg/kg orally. These treatments were continued for 14 days. Blood samples were obtained at the end of study to examine blood glucose, insulin, and blood chemical profiles (SGOT, SGPT, ureum, and creatinine). Examination of skin histopathology and leukocyte count were also done. The result showed that blood glucose, insulin, SGOT, SGPT, and ureum level of diabetic rats given topical or oral EEB did not significantly different from diabetic control group, even though blood glucose, insulin, SGOT, SGPT, and ureum level of diabetic rats given topical and oral EEB were found lower compared to diabetic control group. Administration of EEB 300 mg/kg orally in diabetic rats could lower creatinine level significantly (P0.05). Histopathological examination of dorsal skin of diabetic rats which were given EEB topically showed the decrease of fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte infiltration, and hemorrhage in dermis area. Leukocyte count on skin tissue was significantly lower (P0.05) in diabetic rats given EEB. In conclusion, topical or oral administration of EEB can help healing process in diabetic wound