On The Development Of Novel Multifunctional Max Reinforced Metals (MRMS) Matrix Composites

This work illustrates the synthesis and characterization of novel MAX reinforced metals (MRMs) composites. These composites were tested for their mechanical and tribological performance in ambient temperature. Synthesis and characterization of Bi-Ti3SiC2 and Ag-Ti3SiC2 was studied in Chapter 2. Both composites showed an enhancement in their mechanical and tribological behavior. For example, the addition of 20% Ti3SiC2 decreased the wear rate (WR) by ~12 times in Ag and ~33 times in Bi comparing with the pristine metal. In Chapter 3, Bi-Cr2AlC composites were studied and results had been compared to Bi-Ti3SiC2 composites. The addition of 10 vol% Cr2AlC was able to decrease the WR of Bi-composites by ~100 times as compared to the Bi metal. Chapter 4 reports the current progress of synthesis and tribological behavior of Al-V2AlC, Al-Ti3SiC2 and Al-Cr2AlC composites. The addition of MAX phase particulates enhanced the hardness and compressive yield strength of all the compositions. Al-V2AlC, Al-Ti3SiC2 and Al-Cr2AlC exhibit better tribological behavior compared with pure Al. The WR decreased significantly from 0.25 mm3/N.m to 1.1 X 10-3 mm3/N.m in Al-30%V2AlC. Similarly, the addition of Ti3SiC2 decreased the WR to 7.3 X 10-4 mm3/N.m in the Al-10%Ti3SiC2. In Chapter 5, comprehensive conclusion of this thesis and the future scope of study is discussed. Briefly, the addition of MAX phases has beneficial effects on the mechanical and the tribological behavior. However, there is an optimum concentration where the best results are found. That is mainly due to the nature of these phases where they perform much better at higher temperatures rather than room temperature

Investigating The Effect of Switching and tripping on Flashover and Breakdown in Circuit Breaker

The need for electrical power is increasing rapidly. The power is transmitted over long distance that made it establish to use high voltage .this need to created circuit breaker. Are an essential part of power system and it plays a major role in study and control. Circuit breaker use SF6 gas circuit breaker as insulation medium. The paper interested in study the SF6 gas circuit breaker; characteristics and advantages and how to deal with it, The paper interested in investigating the effect of switching, tripping on flashover and breakdown on SF6 gas circuit breaker. It shows the main factors which that effected in the SF6 gas circuit breaker performance and which caused faults flashover and tripping. The factors that caused faults may be from the circuit breaker itself or may be related with any part from circuit breaker such as transmission line location. Keywords: SF6 gas circuit breaker, circuit breaker, transmission line, location and moisture

A Critical Edition of al-Taʿrīf Bimā Anasat al-Hijramin Maʿālim Dār al-Hijra

The aim of this study is to authenticate the attribution of ’’al-Taʿrīf bimā ʾanasat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra” to its original author, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muṭarī (d.741/1340) a well-known historian of Medina. In doing so, this research explores his life and the socio-economic and political conditions of his time with an attempt to locate the significance of this manuscript. His work is considered to be one of the key sources of the history of Medina throughout several different eras. He witnessed some events which took place in Medina and his work includes a great number of quotations extracted from important missing sources, such as the works of Muḥammad ibn Zabāla and Zubayyr ibn Bakār. This study describes al-Muṭarī’s life in some detail and investigates the different conditions related to the history of Medina and its topography. At different stages of this study the descriptive approach and historical analysis methods are applied in order to achieve its aim. After using several methods, the study reveals that the author of the manuscript is indeed Jamāl al-Dīn al-Muṭarī as based on a number of evidences. In addition, this research provides a critical commentary on the significance of language and the contents of the text it self

Antiplatelet Intake Medications for Patients Undergoing Dental Surgery

This study aims at exploring the patients taking antiplatelet medications who are undergoing dental surgery, physicians and dentists must weigh the bleeding risks in continuing antiplatelet medications versus the thrombotic risks in interrupting antiplatelet medications. Bleeding complications requiring more than local measures for hemostasis are rare after dental surgery in patients taking antiplatelet medications. Conversely, the risk for thrombotic complications after interruption of antiplatelet therapy for dental procedures apparently is significant, although small. When a clinician is faced with a decision to continue or interrupt antiplatelet therapy for a dental surgical patient, the decision comes down to “bleed or die.” That is, there is a remote chance that continuing antiplatelet therapy will result in a (nonfatal) bleeding problem requiring more than local measures for hemostasis versus a small but significant chance that interrupting antiplatelet therapy will result in a (possibly fatal) thromboembolic complication. The decision is simple: It is time to stop interrupting antiplatelet therapy for dental surgery

The Prescriptions’ Epidemiology of the Challenges for Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance in Hospitals

Understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance is important in the development of strategies to solving the problem. Active efflux of drugs, alteration of target sites and enzymatic degradations are the strategies by which pathogenic bacteria acquire or develop intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) pumps, capable of recognizing and expelling a variety of structurally unrelated compounds from the bacterial cell and conferring resistance to a wide range of antibiotics have since been characterized in many gram positive and gram negative pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and, more recently, in mycobacteria. The ability of some chemical compounds to modify the resistance phenotype in bacteria by working synergistically with antibiotics in vitro has since been observed. The search for such compounds which can be combined with antibiotics in the treatment of drug resistant infections may be an alternative to overcoming the problem of resistance in bacteria. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, resistance modifying agents

The role of lifestyle habits in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among students

The key objective of the present study is to explore the prevalence of being overweight and/or being obese using the body mass index (BMI). We investigated the relationship between lifestyle habits (sleeping patterns, dietary habits, physical activities, and screen times) and obesity. We used a cross-sectional study involving male students of medical and non-medical at the College of Medicine and College of Management and Economics at Saudi Arabia’s Qassim University. To gather data, a tailor-made, self-administered questionnaire was the tools of choice. The first part of the form collected a data pertaining to the height and weight of respondents. This measured BMI. Participants then categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI = 25–29.9), and obese (BMI >30.0). The second part of the study involved questions about the participants’ lifestyle habits. To assess the significance of the questions, aChi-squared test was applied. We found that prevalence of being overweight and obese among medical students was (24.4%) and (19%) respectively. for non-medical students the prevalence of being overweight and obesity was (25.6%) and (16.5%) respectively. regarding dietary habits more than half of the students (54.2%) who had three meals or more have a positive relation with obesity. A positive relation was noticed between lack of physical activity and high BMI. Positive relation was found between high BMI and screen time. Regarding sleep hours more than half of the students spend 6-8 hours in sleeping per day

Injuries type and its relation with Glasgow Coma Scale, injury severity score and blood transfusion in road traffic accident Victims.

Motor Vehicular Accidents claim about 1.2 million lives and injure more than 10 million people annually worldwide. The injuries caused by MVAs can be analyzed based on the type of injury, injury severity score, Glasgow Coma Scale and required blood transfusion. Methodology: A total number of 190 patients were included in this retrospective study from January 01, 2010 to December 31, 2015. The study aimed to determine the correlation between the type of injuries and GCS, ISS, and blood transfusions in the patients suffering from Motor Vehicle Accidents, who were presented to the Emergency Department at the King Khalid Hospital. All the data of the patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were collected from the database at medical records department of the hospital. Results: Majority of the patients were adults Saudi male. 68.9% of the patients did not sustain shock, and 75.8% of patients did not require a blood transfusion. Patients with head, neck, chest, abdominal, internal organ, pelvic or spinal injuries conferred a statistically significant higher mean ISS. Patients with abdominal or internal organ injuries had a statistically significant higher mean units of blood transfused. GCS was seen to be lower in the head, neck, chest, abdominal, internal organ, spinal and other injuries. Conclusions: The study documents a significant correlation between the type of injury and GCS, ISS, and blood transfusion in victims of road traffic accident. Emergency physician and the caregivers should be more careful about the injuries associated with lower GCS. Patients sustaining injuries of certain parts related to high ISS (i.e., head, chest, abdominal, internal organ, pelvic) should be addressed on priority basis

Knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To summarize available peer-reviewed publications about public knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: We followed the standard reporting guidelines outlined in the PRISMA statement for the preparation of this systematic review. In February 2018 we conducted literature searches of PubMed, Scopus, BIOSIS Citation Index, and Web of Science using the following keywords: “Knowledge” OR “Awareness” AND “Diabetes Mellitus” AND “Saudi Arabia.” Records were screened, and relevant studies were selected and synthesized narratively. Results: Nineteen articles are included in our systematic review. These studies included the following populations: DM patients (n=13), healthcare workers (n=3), medical students (n=1), secondary school students (n=1), and general population (n=1). Most studies found a lack of public awareness of the risk factors and complications of DM. Among medical students and healthcare workers, knowledge about the epidemiology of the disease and angle of insulin injection was deficient. Conclusion: This review highlights the need for increased knowledge and awareness of DM among the Saudi population. The means of improving knowledge and awareness of DM needs to be integrated into existing healthcare systems and processes to better inform patients, families, and communities about this chronic disease

Radiologic Management of Vascular Malformations’ Interventional, Classification and Diagnosis

This study aimed at analyzing the diverse group of congenital vascular malformations, with respect to their place within the broader classification of vascular anomalies and their pathologic, clinical, and radiologic diagnosis and management. And the study discuss some of the techniques, agents, and approaches used in the interventional treatment of this difficult group of lesions. The researchers are aware and acknowledge that there are several different techniques and agents that can be used to treat these lesions. The techniques and agents described in this article have been used for years by the experts with good results. The aim of this study is to share experience in the management of vascular malformations with these techniques at Jordanian hospitals, and to assess the patient satisfaction levels by the evaluation of the follow-up of patients with vascular malformations treated in the Interventional Radiology Unit from January 2016 to December 2016. Patients were classified according to the hemodynamics of the lesions (high- vs. low-flow)

Liposuction Anaesthesia: Considerations and Techniques

This study aimed at recognizing the ultimate decision to select the type of anesthesia depends on the type and extent of the liposuction surgery planned, the patient’s underlying health condition and the psychological disposition of the patient. The study also describes the four types of liposuction techniques based on the volume of infiltration or wetting solution injected, dry, wet, superwet, and tumescent technique. Besides analyzing the main differences between these techniques and the amount of infiltration done into the tissues and the resultant blood loss as a percentage of aspirated fluid, highlighting that the tumescent technique is the most common of all liposuction techniques. The study found that liposuction is a popular procedure for reducing excessive fat from the body. It is associated with major hemodynamic changes, especially in large-volume liposuction surgery. Anaesthesia for these procedures requires a thorough understanding of the physiological changes and likely complications associated with them. Keywords: Anaesthesia, liposuction, techniques