Академическая наука Украины: экскурс в 1960 – 1980-е годы

Висвітлено формування стратегії поєднання науки і практики в діяльності Академії наук Української РСР у 1960-1980-і роки. Обгрунтовано чому наукова галузь не стала повноцінною сферою соціального управління в Українській державі.Scientific and technical revolution demanded from the Soviet Union development of the new forms and methods in the work of scientists. Their objective was to accelerate integration of research results into production. It was a strategy of qualitative transformations in society. In the second half of past century academic science of Ukraine was reconcentrated and focused on fundamental research. Academy of Sciences came to leading position in cybernetics, energetic, material science, electric welding, heavy engineering, space-rocket industry, biotechnology. Main scientific institution of Ukraine (as well as the Federal Academy) took part in establishing the Soviet Union as superpower in the world. Since 1960 Academy expanded its network of scientific institutions. The intellectual potential was greatly increased. Construction of laboratories began at that time, as well as creation of new academic institutions. In 1971 five academic research centers were founded in Kharkov; Donetsk; Dnepropetrovsk; Odessa (Southern); Lviv (West). The objective of the centers was to provide the development of scientific research on regional issues. This centers were fully controlled by presidium of the Academy of Sciences.Освещено формирование стратегии сочетания науки и практики в деятельности Академии наук Украинской ССР в 1960-1980-егоды. Обоснованно почему научная отрасль не стала полноценной сферой социального управления в украинском государстве

Академия наук Украины: экскурс в 1930-е годы

Показано як формувалась структура і основні напрями досліджень Української академії наук.It is rotined as a structure and basic directions of researches the Ukrainian academy of sciences was formed.Показано как формировалась структура и основные направления исследований Украинской академии наук

Clinical manifestations and outcomes of tuberculosis in children in the Irkutsk region

100 children were observed. Tuberculosis of inrathoracic lymph nodes was found in 79 (79,0 %) patients, complicated tuberculosis - in 29 (36,7 %) of 79 patients. The phase of reverse development of tuberculosis was detected in 47,0 % of children with TB. Due to the slow dynamics of the disease, the duration of chemotherapy in 75,0 % of children was 240 days. In the mode of treatment, drug resistance of a patient in lesion of tuberculosis infection is taken into account. As a result of treatment, resorption of infiltration in the lungs was observed in 15,0 %, fibrosis - in 26,0 %, formation of small calcifications - in 39,0 %, formation of multiple large calcifications - in 20,0 % of children. The cause of the formation of calcifications is the late detection of tuberculosis. In children with the formation of calcifications throughout the course of treatment the number of leukocytes decreased, the downward trend in the absolute number of lymphocytes to the 4th month of treatment was traced, the content of leukocytes increased to the end of primary treatment. In children without formation of calcifications the reduction of leukocytes and lymphocytes was not identified during the treatment. The decrease in the content of leukocytes and lymphocytes may explain long-term persistence of endogenous intoxication

The Development of Electrical and Radio engineering: the Role of M. Krylov and M. Bogolyubov’s Nonlinear Mechanics

The article is devoted to the history of the development of asymptotic theory of nonlinear oscillations (nonlinear mechanics), created by M. Krylov and M. Bogolyubov in Kyiv in the early 1930s. Its significance for the elaboration of electrical and radio engineering is emphasized. The key evolutionary events related to the theory of nonlinear oscillations are covered. Among them are Lee de Forrest's invention of the triode lamp in 1906, activity of teams led by G. Barkhausen and G. Möller in Germany (1907–1921), B. Van der Pol in Holland (1922–1929), L.Mandelstam (USSR) (since 1925), M. M. Krylov and M. M. Bogolyubov in Kyiv, Ukraine (since 1927). It is shown that M. Krylov and M. Bogolyubov developed mathematical method for the study of general conservative systems with a small parameter, and on this base - methods for considering quasi-periodic modes in an electronic generator, which is periodically affected by an external force. In 1932 M. Bogolyubov made according report at the First Electrotechnical Congress in Paris. It was highlighted that M. Bogolyubov had significantly influenced the development of physical, mathematical and technical sciences at the Institute of Mathematics, Kyiv University and Institute of Theoretical Physics. The reconstruction of the intellectual portrait of the M. Bogolyubov, carried out on the basis of the interviews, is also given

LACTOFERIN IN THE PROBLEM OF ANTI-INFECTIOUS PROTECTION OF BABIES IN THEIR FIRST YEAR OF LIVING

The author  summarizes  the  results  of research  of the  antibacterial,  antiviral  and  antifungal  properties  of multifunctional  human protein  — lactoferrin,  in order  to determine  the prospects  for its use in the prevention  and  treatment  of infectious  diseases  of children in their first year of life. The mechanisms of anti-infectious effect of this protein with breastfed children have been described. Basic differences between human lactoferrin and cattle lactoferrin have been shown. Biotechnology of obtaining recombinant human lactoferrin from the milk of genetically engineered dairy animals (goat-producers) has been described. According to the studies, both by physical and chemical parameters and biological activity, human lactoferrin, obtained from milk-producing  goats, corresponds to its natural counterpart

Molecular and supramolecular chemistry of mono- and di-selenium analogues of metal dithiocarbamates

This bibliographic review summarises the coordination chemistry of mono- and diselenium analogues of metal dithiocarbamate ligands, [RRꞌNCS2]-, as revealed by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopy (77Se NMR and infrared). The Se-ligands are usually chelating but, bridging modes, up to 4, are known. Reflecting the larger size, greater polarisability and presence of a polar-cap (-hole), selenium atoms are more likely to be involved in secondary-bonding (chalcogen-bonding) than sulphur when a competition exists. Isostructural relationships are established across the series in about one-third of the structures

Разработка непрямого метода определения энантиомерной чистоты мономеров хиральных полиамидных миметиков нуклеиновых кислот (ПАНКМ)

An indirect approach for the determination of enantiomeric purity of chiral α-(benzyl)-carboxyethyl- and γ-methyl-substituted monomers of polyamide nucleic acids mimics (PANAM) is described. The test consist in the synthesis of C-terminal diastereomers with methyl ester of L- or DL-isoleucine for each PANAM monomer and estimation of the relative content (abundance ratio) of main and minor diastereomers by means of reverse phase HPLC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.Описан подход для определения энантиомерной чистоты хиральных α-(бензил)-карбоксиэтил- и γ-метилзамещенных мономеров полиамидных миметиков нуклеиновых кислот (ПАНКМ) непрямым методом. Способ основан на получении C-концевых производных с метиловым эфиром L- или DL-изолейцина с последующим определением относительного содержания основного и минорного диастереомеров с помощью обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ. Также представлен анализ 1Н-ЯМР-спектров диастереомерных смесей

Современные взгляды на развитие избыточной массы тела и ожирения у детей. Часть I

Obesity is one of the most widespread chronic diseases around the world and may be considered a non-infectious epidemic. Virtually everywhere around the world the number of obese children doubles every three decades. Increase in the number of children with obesity and excess body weight is observed in Russia as well. Despite the statement that the main cause of obesity is energy expenditure/consumption imbalance, numerous data obtained in recent years indicate early factors of obesity forming, probably, during the period of intrauterine development and/or infancy and early childhood. The most active growth and maximum plasticity of metabolic processes is observed within 1,000 post-conceptual days, which cover the period of intrauterine development and the first 2 years of a child’s life. The number and quality of nutrients received during that period considerably affect cell differentiation and organ development by means of gene expression, determine the nature of metabolism and affect health condition throughout the whole subsequent life. Given significance of the issue of excess body weight in children and adults, we analyzed the current situation, examined 652 younger Moscow schoolchildren and determined parameters of their physical development. We analyzed anamnestic data, profoundly examined children with excess body weight and obesity and formulated diets for them. This article presents the first stage of our work and a literature review.Ожирение относится к числу одних из самых распространенных хронических заболеваний в мире и достигает масштабов неинфекционной эпидемии. Практически во всем мире каждые три десятилетия удваивается количество детей с этим заболеванием. Нарастание числа детей с ожирением и избыточной массой тела происходит также и в России. Несмотря на утверждение, что основной причиной их развития является дисбаланс между расходом и потреблением энергии, в последние годы появилось много данных, свидетельствующих о ранних истоках ожирения, которые закладываются, возможно, в период внутриутробного развития и/или грудного и раннего возраста. Наиболее активный рост и максимальная пластичность обменных процессов наблюдаются на протяжении 1000 дней от момента зачатия, которые захватывают период внутриутробного развития и первые 2 года жизни ребенка. Количество и качество пищевых веществ, поступающих в это время, оказывают выраженное влияние на дифференцировку клеток и развитие органов посредством экспрессии генов, определяют характер метаболизма и влияют на состояние здоровья на протяжении всей последующей жизни. Учитывая значимость проблемы избыточной массы тела для детей и взрослых, нами предпринят анализ сложившейся ситуации и обследованы 652 ребенка младшего школьного возраста г. Москвы с определением параметров их физического развития. Изучены анамнестические данные, проведено углубленное обследование детей с избыточной массой тела и ожирением, рассчитаны рационы их питания. В первой части работы представлен обзор литературы.

Профилактика и лечение железодефицитной анемии у детей первого года жизни

The article presents features of physiological processes and pathological conditions in under one-year children that predispose the development of iron-deficiency anemia. Basic methods of iron deficiency prophylaxis and principles of iron drug selection and dose selection for iron-deficiency anemia treatment for children in the stated age category are described in the article. Particular attention is paid to the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia in preterm infants; foreign and domestic recommendations on this issue are presented. A practicing pediatrician needs to know the features of the disease’s development and treatment caused by differences in physical conditions accompanied by a high activity of metabolic processes and the immaturity of the young patients’ anatomic structures in order to identifiy and select the right iron-deficiency anemia treatment strategy.В статье представлены особенности физиологических процессов и патологических состояний у детей первого года жизни, предрасполагающих к развитию железодефицитной анемии (ЖДА). Описаны основные способы профилактики железодефицитных состояний, а также принципы выбора препарата железа и его дозы для лечения ЖДА у детей указанной возрастной категории. Особое внимание уделено профилактике и лечению ЖДА у недоношенных детей, представлены зарубежные и отечественные рекомендации по данному вопросу. Практикующему педиатру для своевременного выявления и выбора правильной тактики лечения ЖДА у детей первых 12 мес жизни необходимы знания об особенностях развития и лечения патологии, обусловленных отличиями физиологического состояния на фоне высокой интенсивности обменных процессов и незрелости анатомических структур у маленьких пациентов