A Comparison Study On Engine Oil Properties For Bi-Fuel Motorcycle

All mechanical equipment must be lubricated in order to reduce friction and wear between the touching surfaces. For four-stroke motorcycle engine, the function of the engine oil play critical roles since the oil does not burn along with fuel in combustion chamber as two-stroke motorcycle engines. The oil will circulate around inside the engine and the quality of the oil will decreased time by time. In conjunction with that, the engine oil must be removed after certain running period or distance recommended by the engine manufactures. The use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel claimed to provide several benefits to engine components and effectively reduce maintenance requirements. It does not mix with or dilute the lubricating oil faster and will not cause deposits in combustion chambers as well as on spark plugs to the extend that the use of petrol does, thereby generally extending the engine oil, piston ring and spark plug. It is the intention of this paper to compare the effect of both physical and chemical properties of motorcycle engine oil used by MODENASS KRISS 110cc motorcycle engine after running 5000 km using natural gas and gasoline respectively

The use of natural gas as fuel for motorcycles

Utilization of motorcycle in Malaysia is really synonym especially for lower income group. Statistic for motor vehicles in Malaysia shown that nearly five million units or over the half are motorcycles. These are mostly small capacity, two or four stroke engine motorcycles. The use of low quality fuel to operate motorcycles causes a serious pollutant especially in densely populated areas. Besides, crude oil reserve in Malaysia is expected to finish within 19 years. Natural gas is now acknowledged by the world as being a mainstream alternative fuel. It has a high octane rating that is general indication of the ability of the fuel to burn more efficient and improving engine performance. Malaysia has massive, under exploited natural gas reserve. As such a study has been conducted by a group of researchers from Gas Technology Centre (GASTEG) to diversify the usage of natural gas especially as a fuel for internal combustion engine. The product of this research is a set of natural gas conversion kits and the first prototype of natural gas motorcycle. The exhaust emissions from natural gas motorcycle give complete combustion, which decrease 99.6% of carbon monoxide and 72.5% of unburned hydrocarbon at a speed of 70km/hr. However, the lower heat content of natural gas and the lower burning velocity as compared to gasoline reduces the engine maximum power for about 15% at high engine speed without any modification to the original engine. These parameters can be used as a guidance to the motorcycle industry how to utilise natural gas as a fuel, a new and a leading technology for the world that propelling Malaysia for the next millennium with clean city

Improvements in Design of Local Fluorescent Electronic Ballasts in Compliance With the Related Local and International Standards

The fluorescent electronic ballast has been in the market for a long time but has not created any great impact in the illumination industry due to its high initial cost of investment compared to the conventional magnetic ballast. With the advancement in power electronics and utilization of power semiconductor which is available commercially today, it is now possible to implement almost every type of desired conversion of current, voltage or frequency and availability of electronic components with higher power ratings. Thus, it is now possible to manufacture an economically priced, light weight, lower watt-loss and high quality with maximum performance electronic ballast which is compatible with all types of fluorescent luminaries. This study is undertaken to improve the design of existing locally manufactured electronic ballasts. The study indicated that many of these commercial electronic ballasts only have partial or minimum compliance requirements or none at all to the related local and international standards, namely MS IEC 928, MS IEC 929 and EMC requirements as stipulated by SIRIM Berhad. From a survey on nine different ballast manufacturers, only seven manufacturers conducted two tests on MS IEC 928 and MS IEC 929 and only two manufacturers conducted a complete list of tests to ascertain whether their product comply with the related local and international standards. Since electronic ballast is listed as one of the electrical controlled items by the Department of Electricity and Gas Supply of Malaysia (DEGSM), it is crucial that the EMC test be imposed prior to ballast approval. A directive was issued by the Malaysian government on the 3rd of July 1998 to implement energy conservation and to promote the use of energy efficient equipment specifically on lighting luminaries and lighting control systems. DEGSM noted the limitations of fluorescent ballast watt-loss hence, this study is undertaken to meet the implementation of energy conservation regulations/act in the near future

A study of bacterial sheath brown rot disease at different field in Sawah Sempang, Merlimau, Malacca / Mohamad Anuar Zulkefli

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food and a source of income for farmers in Malaysia. Generally, sheath brown rot disease reduces rice production and cause economic loss to the farmer and grower at Merlimau, Melaka. In facts, sheath brown rot disease cause by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae. The symptom show in initially it become yellowish and lower leaf sheath usually turn light or dark brown at the next stage of infection, the whole leaf sheath becomes necrotic. In this study, data on disease incidence and disease severity were collected and analyzed. Meanwhile, soil pH, meteorology data (Rain, relative humidity, wind, temperature), farmers practices information were also obtained. The incidence level (%) of sheath brown rot disease at several fields in Kampung Sempang, Merlimau, Malacca. The study shows that Field 2 is the highest percent occurrence for incidence level of disease with (48.14%) followed by Field 3 (35.52%) and the lowest percentage by Field 1 (23.06%). For severity level of sheath brown rot disease, Field 2 showed the highest percent occurrence for severity which is (42.44%) followed by Field 3 with (20.56%) and Field 1 (16.83%). This percentage of incidence and severity was recorded at paddy field Kampung Sempang, Merlimau, Malacca. The occurrence factor of sheath brown rot on disease incidence and severity was possibly due to water management, rate and timing of fertilizer application and also the environmental factor

Bi-fuel NGVM engine emission results based on non-loaded system operation

Alternative fuels for the internal combustion engines are introduced as an improved fuel over mainstream conventional fuels such as petrol and diesel. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is the most successful and widely used alternative fuels that helps mitigate emission problem caused by vehicles. Mainstream fuelled vehicles are fitted with a conversion kit to enable the operation with CNG, these converted vehicles are called Natural Gas Vehicles. A bi-fuel engine test rig was fabricated using a 1500cc 12 Valve engine fitted with a Landi Renzo conversion kit enabling operations on petrol and natural gas. This test rig was used to conduct experiments to obtain the fuel consumption and the corresponding exhaust emission quality. The results obtained were compared with the actual data of NGV taxi fitted with Tartarini conversion kit for validation purpose. The findings from this experimental rig are used as a comparison between the use of petrol and natural gas as fuel for vehicles. The results clearly prove that the use of natural gas provides improved exhaust emission at lower cos

Development of Coastal Protection Scheme Database for Peninsular Malaysia

Nowadays, coastal erosion along the Malaysia shorelines had become a major issue. Global warming problem had increase the sea level due to the rapid melting of glaciers also become one of the leading factor to the erosion problem along the coastline. Instead, there are others reason such as natural weathering, reduced sediment discharge from rivers into coastal areas and human impacts. In order to solve this problem, the Government had set up the Coastal Engineering Centre in the Department of Irrigation andDrainage (DID) in 1987 to implement coastal erosion control program throughout the country. Although the action was taken, there were some deficiencies on it which is the data gathering of the coastal protection structures which had been implemented were not provided properly. To improve the systems, the author is taking initiative to create a database scheme of coastal protection along the Peninsular Malaysia coastline. The gathering of this database is hoped to develop better understanding on design criteria about coastal protection scheme along Peninsular Malaysia coastlines performances and failure mode of structure. In presenting the database of coastal protection scheme along Peninsular Malaysia's shoreline, software called GIS (Maplnfo Professional 7.0®} is used. Easy access to acquiring information from this database would produce a general framework in helping designing the coastal protection structures andgives benefit to contractors owners anddevelopers in Malaysia for future developmen

DURABILITY ASPECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ECC CONTAINING NANO SILICA PARTICLES

In this study, the properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) with the addition of Nano Silica is investigated when test on chloride ion penetration, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), flexural strength (four point load bending) and compressive strength. Based on 20 different mix proportions with PVA Fiber up to 2% and Nano Silica up to 3% is use to be molded with different size such cylinder with diameter 100 mm, beam with size of 0.25mm x 0.50mm x 508mm and cube with size of 50mm x 50mm x 50mm . The mixing process based on standard procedure given. The specimen are place on curing tank for water cured for 28 days. After that, durability aspect and mechanical properties of ECC will be determine through several test. Based on the durability test on chloride ion penetration, through charge passed in term of coulomb in term of chloride permeability, the charge passed decreased with the increase of Nano silica content in ECC. But, difference with adding of PVA fiber content in ECC may increase chloride permeability the result on chloride ion penetration showed from very low to low chloride permeability of all specimen

Hydrodynamic Behavior of Geldart particles type B and D in semi circular fluidized bed

Geldart particles typeB andD range from 100 \xm and more. Green bean, urea and rice will be experiment material because it has size over than 100 jxm. Due to that, experimental work will focus on hydrodynamic behavior of Geldart particles where bubble diameter, bed expansionand minimum fluidizing air velocity will be study. Semi circular fluidized bed will be the experiment equipment. Result from the experiment will be compared in graph with different colour line that indicate different dimaeter of material. To capture hydrodynamic behavior of bubble, high speed camera, SONY XC 75CE CCD will be used and put in front of the fluidized bed. Image analysis software was used to analyse the image captured via the high speedcamera. Pictures taken withthe high speed camera will be set to 200 pps, exposure4997.25 and resolution 1280x 720

Ekosistem Dakwah Dalam Era Teknologi Disruptif

Ziauddin Sardar (1993) pernah mengemukakan pendapat tentang beberapa perubahan besar akan berlaku dalam kehidupan umat Islam akibat kemunculan dan penggunaan suatu inovasi dalam teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT). Ini kerana sepanjang berlakunya perkembangan teknologi yang bermula dengan teknologi kertas, yang diikuti selepas itu teknologi percetakan dan cakera padat, dalam pemerhatian beliau mendapati bahawa peranan ulama sebagai orang yang dianggap menguasai ilmu dan menjadi panduan serta rujukan dalam pembangunan masyarakat Islam akan mengalami pengurangan sedikit demi sedikit. Beliau berhujah: “The role of the ulama as human memory banks, and the power they command by virtues of that role, is about to end”. Berdasarkan pandangan tersebut, beliau menyimpulkan bahawa keupayaan teknologi baru ICT yang mmempunyai keupayaan mengatasi kemampuan manusia biasa dalam menyimpan, memproses dan mendapatkan maklumat dalam jumlah yang banyak dan boleh dilakukan dengan sangat pantas.Begitu juga dalam pencarian dan pencapaian maklumat tentang Islam yang boleh diakses melalui perisian ICT yang serba canggih, pada pandangan beliau, secara tidak langsung boleh mengurangkan pengaruh penguasaan ilmu oleh para ulama pada masa sekarang. Persoalannya apakah Islam dan umat Islam serta para ulama perlu meninggalkan atau mengabaikan atau tidak mengendahkan suatu penciptaan baharu dalam dunia yang begitu pantas dengan perkembangan teknologi dengan mempertahankan cara dan pendekatan lama dan konvensional dalam menyebarkan mesej Islam dalam kerangka dakwah kepada umat manusia sedangkan umat mahukan perubahan dan terdedah dengan perubahan? apakah dakwah begitu kaku dan tidak berkembang selari dengan berkembangnya kemajuan sains dan teknologi yang menghasilkan pelbagai invention yang memudahkan urusan umat manusia? apakah mawdu'` dakwah yang perlu dikongsikan kepada sasaran dakwah yang mempunyai pelbagai latar belakang yang kedudukannya barangkali sama taraf atau tidak dengan pendakwah? Apakah pendakwah hanya berdiam diri apabila berhadapan dengan mad`'u yang pelbagai latarbelakang atau menggunakan pendekatan konvensional atau tradisional menyampaikan mesej Islam dalam kerangka dan iklim dakwah masa kini

Kesan tret personaliti terhadap prestasi kerja di kalangan pegawai Jabatan Kemajuan Masyarakat di Negeri Kelantan

Personality traits are an important element in determining compatibility between individual and job in an organization. This research was designed to investigate the relationship between personality traits namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience on job performance among KEMAS Community Development Officers in Kelantan. This study used quantitative research methodology.Out of 115 questionnaires distributed, 100 were returned and can be used. The data was processed using the software "Statistical Package for Social Science" (SPSS) version 20.The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between neuroticism and openness to experience with job performance. On the contrary, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness showed no significant relationship with job performance. Predictive nature that most affect job performance is neuroticism and openness to experience.This decision coincides with the objectives and in line with the established hypothesis. The results also showed framework developed Iiteratur based surveys can be used in the context of Malaysia. These results may change if a larger sample and different locations. This study can be used as a foundation to study in depth the personality traits that affect job performance among employees