Strukturdan Asosiasi Komunitas Tumbuhan Bawahdi Resort Cikaniki, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak

A study on structure and association of ground cover plants commnunity was conducted in Cikiniki Resort, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java. The aimed of this study was to determine the structure and degree of association of ground cover plant that dominates with others ground cover plants. Plot observation using purposive sampling method. The sampling location was divided into two observation sites near the water source and away from the water source. We developed 20 plots with measure on 2 x 2 m2. The data obtained are frequency, density, dominance, Importance Value Index (INP), Distribution Index and Diversity Index Type. The relationship between abiotic factor and vegetation association was analyzed using Chi-Square analysis. The results showed that the dominant type was Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi (INP: 41.67%), Homalomena cordata Schott (INP: 16.87%), Cyrtandra populifolia Miq. (INP: 12.27%), Psychotria viridiflora Reinw. Ex Blume (INP: 11.79%) and Amischotolype mollissima (Blume) Hassk. (INP: 10,77%). Based on the calculation of chi-square (X2) associations S.calyptrata with other dominant species have low values of 0.26 (H. cordata), 0.25 (C. populifolia), 0.275 (P. viridiflora) and has no association with A. mollissima

STRUKTUR VEGETASI DAN SIMPANAN KARBON HUTAN RAKYAT DESA SAMBAK, MAGELANG, JAWA TENGAH

The Private forest is a forest developed on land owned by the private and not in a forest area. The diversity of plants that make up private forests depends on the interests of each landowner. One of the sustainable private forest practices is in Sambak Village, Kajoran District, Magelang Regency. It can be seen from the high level of population participation in planting forest plants on their lands. However, there is little information about the constituent vegetation planted in private forest practice. Therefore, this research was conducted to reveal private forest practices in Sambak Village. In addition, the calculation of carbon stock in private forests is also carried out to reveal the role of private forests in carbon absorption. The data collection technique used the transect method with an observation plot measuring 20x20 m with 50 m in the distance between plots. The method of calculating carbon stock used a non-destructive method by estimating carbon stock based on tree diameter and height. The composition of the plants that make up the private forest vegetation consists of 24 species from 16 families. Sengon dominated the vegetation that makes up the private forest. These results were following the calculation of the highest importance value index achieved by Sengon (70,67), Mahoni (52,18), Kelapa (37,53), and Nangka (25,21). The total carbon stock calculation has amounted to 24,53 ton C/ha and CO2 absorption of 90,05 ton CO2/ha. The highest carbon stock in the private forest of Sambak Village was Pinus 10,22 ton C/ha.Hutan rakyat adalah hutan yang dikembangkan di lahan milik masyarakat dan bukan di kawasan hutan. Keragaman vegetasi penyusun hutan rakyat bergantung pada kepentingan masing-masing pemilik lahan. Salah satu praktik hutan rakyat yang lestari berada di Desa Sambak, Kecamatan Kajoran, Kabupaten Magelang. Hal tersebut terlihat dari tingkat partisipasi penduduk yang tinggi dalam menanam tanaman berkayu keras di lahan-lahan mereka. Namun demikian, informasi tentang vegetasi-vegetasi penyusun yang ditanam dalam praktik hutan rakyat tersebut masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dalam upaya mengungkap praktik hutan rakyat di Desa Sambak. Selain itu, penghitungan simpanan karbon di hutan rakyat tersebut juga dilakukan dalam upaya mengungkap peranan hutan rakyat dalam penyerapan karbon. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode transek dengan plot pengamatan berukuran 20x20 m dengan jarak antar plot 50 m. Metode penghitungan simpanan karbon menggunakan metode non-destruktif yaitu dengan cara menaksir simpanan karbon berdasarkan diameter dan tinggi pohon. Komposisi penyusun vegetasi hutan rakyat tersebut terdiri atas 24 spesies dari 16 famili. Vegetasi penyusun hutan rakyat tersebut didominasi oleh Sengon. Hasil tersebut sesuai dengan penghitungan indeks nilai kepentingan tertinggi yang dicapai oleh Sengon (70,67), Mahoni (52,18), Kelapa (37,53), dan Nangka (25,21). Hasil perhitungan total simpanan karbon di hutan rakyat Sambak sebesar 24,53 ton C/ha dan serapan CO2 sebesar 90,05 ton CO2/ha. Adapun simpanan karbon tertinggi dimiliki oleh Pinus 10,22 ton C/ha dan Kelapa 6,77 ton C/ha

Keanekaragaman Benalu di Ecopark, Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Gardens

AbstrakArea konservasi ex situ, Ecopark Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Gardens (CSC-BG), membutuhkan strategi pemeliharaan tanaman koleksi yang tepat untuk mendukung kesehatan dan keberlanjutan koleksinya. Serangan benalu atau tumbuhan parasit tidak hanya dapat merusak estetika, namun juga menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, bahkan membunuh tanaman koleksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis benalu dan distribusi spasial dari sebaran benalu di Ecopark CSC-BG. Pengumpulan spesimen dan data, meliputi jenis dan jumlah benalu, jenis dan kondisi inang, habitat menggunakan metode jelajah di seluruh area ini. Ditemukan empat jenis benalu dari suku Lorantaceae, yaitu Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq., Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser, Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh., dan Dendrophthoe sp. Benalu tersebut tersebar di bioregion Blok 1, Jawa-Bali, Kalimantan, Sumatra, dan Papua. Beberapa faktor ekofisiologi yang disarankan untuk diperhatikan dalam distribusi benalu adalah tinggi inang, ekspos cahaya pada tajuk bagian atas inang, kepadatan tanaman koleksi, keterbukaan atau ekspos cahaya matahari pada habitat. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) dan indeks kemerataan (E’) benalu yang ditemukan menunjukkan H’ = 1,29 dan E’ = 0,93. Hasil analisis pola spasial, keberadaan benalu relatif merata di seluruh bagian Ecopark CSC-BG, dengan keragaman jenis tertinggi berada di bioregion Jawa-Bali, Sumatra, dan Kalimantan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini 4 jenis benalu yang ditemukan di Ecopark CSC-BG dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis benalu tergolong sedang dengan pola sebaran merata.AbstractThe relevant information of existing mistletoes or parasitic plants in Ecopark-Cibinong Science Center & Botanic Gardens is needed to support the plant collection maintenance strategy. The attack of mistletoes does not only inflict the aesthetic values of the collection but also inhibits the growth and possibly kills the whole plant. This research aimed to know the mistletoes species diversity and spatial distribution in the garden. The exploration method was used to collect specimens and data, included the species and number of mistletoes, the host and its condition, habitat and location. Four species of Loranthaceae attacked the plant collection in bioregion Blok 1, Jawa-Bali, Sumatra dan Kalimantan. They were Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq., Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser, Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh. and Dendrophthoe sp.. Some of the recommended ecophysiological factors to consider in the distribution of mistletoes in Ecopark, CSC-BG were host height, light exposure to the upper canopy of the host, plant collection density, openness, or exposure to sunlight in the habitat. The diversity index (H ') and evenness index (E') of mistletoes found in Ecopark CSC-BG were 1.29 and 0.93, respectively. Based on the results of spatial pattern analysis, the presence of mistletoes was relatively evenly distributed throughout the garden, with the highest species diversity found in the Java-Bali, Sumatra, and Kalimantan Bioregions. This study concludes that there were 4 species of mistletoes found in Ecopark CSC-BG with a moderate diversity index and an even distribution pattern

Keragaman koleksi palem Kebun Raya Baturraden Jawa Tengah

Famili Palem (Arecaceae) merupakan kelompok tumbuhan yang estetik, unik dan mempunyai banyak manfaat. Namun, kondisi sekarang populasi palem di habitat aslinya menghadapi ancaman kepunahan, sehingga perlu upaya konservasi. Kebun Raya (KR) Baturraden menjadi salah satu lokasi konservasi ex situ yang menjadikan famili palem menjadi koleksi. Namun, informasi detil mengenai koleksi palem KR Baturraden masih minim tersedia. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi dan informasi ilmiah lainnya mengenai koleksi palemnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan metode purposive dengan melakukan inventarisasi semua koleksi palem. Analisis penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koleksi palem KR Baturraden berjumlah 377 spesimen yang didominasi oleh Pinanga javana (159), Saribus rotundifolius (59), Areca triandra (51), Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (23), dan Licuala spinosa (19). Sebagian besar koleksi palem KR Baturraden berpotensi menjadi tanaman hias. Selain itu, ada juga yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat, pangan, dan furnitur. Oleh karena itu, dalam praktik pemanfaatannya diperlukan upaya-upaya budidaya dengan memperhatikan jumlah populasi palem di habitat aslinya.

Revealing the Tree Species Diversity within Koto Mahligai Temple Ruin, Muaro Jambi

Koto Mahligai Temple is a cultural heritage site in the Muaro Jambi Regency. Environmental disturbances, especially plant-related ones, are rare at this precious shrine. As a result, plant diversity is still sustained. The research aimed to evaluate the plant diversity and general vegetation condition in the Koto Mahligai Temple. The method used was the comprehensive inventory approach, focusing on woody plants through the census sampling method. Vital data were meticulously collected for each tree, including height, diameter, and morphological characteristics. The result found 246 trees from 26 species in the vicinity, including native and introduced species. Local plants that are infrequently seen in urban areas, such as Bouea macrophylla, Canthiumera robusta, Dillenia sumatrana, Flacourtia rukam, and Semecarpus heterophyllus, are among these species. The result suggested that the Koto Mahligai Temple could be well developed into a public site for stakeholders interested in studying plant diversity in Muaro Jambi Regency, owing to the variety and distinctiveness of its plants. Furthermore, the cultural significance of these plants is tied to the Koto Mahligai Temple, which attracts tourists. The study emphasizes the need for future strategies that harmonize plant preservation, archaeological exploration, and temple restoration efforts. Keywords: diversity, enigmatic species, Koto Mahligai, native plant, Sumatr

Flowering Phenology of Pinang Gajah (Nenga gajah J. Dransf.) in The Bogor Botanic Gardens

AbstractNenga gajah J. Dransf. is an endemic palm species originating from the island of Sumatra. The palm is one of the collections of the Bogor Botanic Gardens with seven collection numbers of N. gajah from Jambi and Riau. However, the reproduction information of the palm is still unknown until now. Information on the phenology of flowering is essential in conservation activities, especially its presence in nature and the production of seeds for reintroduction purposes. This study aims to determine the phases and timing of the flowering period and the factors that influence the flowering of N. gajah in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. This study was conducted on individuals at the phase of initiation of flowering. Flowering observation variables include the length of the period from flower buds to the anthesis phase until the flowers wither, and the fertilization process from young fruit to ripe. The flower and fruit of N. gajah were documented in each stage. The data recorded included flower and fruit development time for each phase and visiting insects. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to describe the process of flowering and fertilization that occurred. The results showed that the flower initiation phase took an average of 25.5 days, the anthesis phase took 6–7 days, the anthesis phase took 7–9 days, and the fruit formation and ripening phase took 100–120 days. Insects that are thought to act as pollinating insects for N. gajah include Trigona sp., Polyrachis sp., and Apis sp.AbstrakNenga gajah J. Dransf. merupakan salah satu jenis palem endemik yang berasal dari Pulau Sumatra. Palem tersebut menjadi salah satu koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor dengan tujuh nomor koleksi N. gajah yang berasal dari Jambi dan Riau namun informasi reproduksi palem tersebut masih belum diketahui hingga kini. Informasi fenologi pembungaan tersebut sangat diperlukan dalam kegiatan konservasi, khususnya keberadaannya di alam dan produksi biji untuk tujuan reintroduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fase-fase dan waktu periode pembungaan dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pembungaan N. gajah di Kebun Raya Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap individu yang berada pada tahap inisiasi pembungaan. Variabel pengamatan pembungaan meliputi panjang periode dari kuncup bunga menuju fase antesissampai bunga layu dan proses pembuahan dari buah muda sampai masak. Perkembangan bunga dan buah N. gajah didokumentasikan pada setiap fase, data yang dicatat meliputi waktu perkembangan bunga dan buah untuk setiap fase, serta serangga pengunjung. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan proses pembungaan dan pembuahan yang terjadi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa fase inisiasi bunga membutuhkan waktu rata-rata 25,5 hari, menuju fase antesis membutuhkan waktu 6–7 hari, fase antesis membutuhkan waktu 7–9 hari, dan fase pembentukan dan pematangan buah membutuhkan waktu 100–120 hari. Serangga yang diduga berperan sebagai serangga penyerbuk N. gajah antara lain Trigona sp., Polyrachis sp., dan Apis sp

KAJIAN KESESUAIAN HABITAT DAN IDENTIFIKASI SERANGAN HAMA PENYAKIT PADA Pelagodoxa henryana Becc.: STUDI KASUS DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR

Pelagodoxa henryana Becc. (Arecaceae) is a native palm species to Marquesas Island (French Polynesia). According to IUCN Red List, the species has a Critically Endangered (CR) status. The growth of the six existing specimens at Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG) experiences problems caused by environmental conditions. This study aimed to analyze habitat suitability and identify the pests and diseases of P. henryana at BBG. The environmental data was obtained from the Registration Division BBG and direct observations. Soil analysis used nine samples from the plant grow locations at BBG. Pest and disease data was obtained by direct observation. All data was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that BBG had similar environmental conditions to the natural habitat of P. henryana, except for the shade, so it is necessary to provide shade to the collections of P. henryana. Based on soil analysis, fertility status and soil texture at BBG were not suitable for P. henryana, so fertilizer application with a ratio of N:P:K:Mg = 2:1:3:1, mulching at the base of the stem, and lime application are required. Some pests and diseases were found on this palm, with the leaf and nipah beetles being the most significant ones. Both beetles can be controlled by applying sulfur at a dose of 1 tablespoon per liter of water on the shoots with symptoms and injecting pesticides with 75% active ingredient acephate (AMCOTHENE 75 SP) at a dose of 20 ml/tree. Regular maintenance should be done by carefully cutting the plant's dead leaves and brownish parts.Pelagodoxa henryana Becc. (Arecaceae) berasal dari Pulau Marquesas (Polinesia Perancis). Menurut Daftar Merah IUCN, status konservasi jenis ini adalah kritis (Critically Endangered-CR). Pertumbuhan enam spesimen koleksi ini di Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) mengalami kendala karena faktor lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kesesuaian habitat dan identifikasi hama penyakit yang menyerang P. henryana di KRB. Data lingkungan tumbuh diperoleh dari Unit Registrasi KRB dan observasi langsung. Data tanah diperoleh dari hasil analisis sembilan sampel tanah dari lokasi tumbuh palem ini di KRB. Data hama penyakit dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan langsung. Seluruh data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan di KRB menyerupai habitat alami palem ini, kecuali faktor naungan saja, sehingga perlu pemberian naungan agar paparan sinar matahari pada P. henryana dapat terjadi secara bertahap. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tanah, status kesuburan dan tekstur tanah di KRB kurang cocok untuk P. henryana, sehingga diperlukan pemberian pupuk dengan rasio N:P:K:Mg = 2:1:3:1, pemberian mulsa pada pangkal batang, dan pemberian kapur pertanian. Ada beberapa hama dan penyakit yang ditemukan pada palem ini, namun demikian kumbang janur dan kumbang nipah merupakan hama yang memberikan serangan yang paling signifikan. Kedua kumbang tersebut dapat dikendalikan dengan pemberian belerang dengan dosis satu sendok makan per liter air pada pucuk koleksi dengan gejala dan menginjeksikan pestisida dengan bahan aktif asefat 75% (AMCOTHENE 75 SP) dengan dosis 20 ml/pohon. Pemeliharaan rutin dapat dilakukan dengan memotong bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang sudah mati dan berwarna kecokelatan dengan hati-hati

REVIEW 10 TAHUN PEMBANGUNAN KEBUN RAYA DI INDONESIA

The establishment of the Indonesian Botanic Gardens has shown significant progress over the past ten years, especially in the program of Regional Botanic Gardens. The Regional Botanical Gardens development program manifests LIPI's real contribution in applying science and technology for environmental sustainability and community welfare. The program also involves other agencies such as the Ministry of PUPR (Public Work and Housing), local government, universities, and the private sector. Developing the Regional Botanical Gardens includes three stages, including the planning stage, the development stage, and the management stage. A number of 43 botanical gardens have been built, 4 of which are in the planning stage, 20 are in development, and 19 are preparing for management. There are two challenges in establishing a regional botanical garden, originating from internal factors (Central Government) or external factors (Local Government). Fundamentally, the problem is commitments related to funding continuity, policy support, self-supporting infrastructure, infrastructure maintenance, and the involvement of other parties in the network. However, by looking at the increasing trend of botanical garden development, efforts to save Indonesian plant diversity are getting better

PREDICTION OF SUSCEPTIBILITY FOR OLD TREES (> 100 YEARS OLD) TO FALL IN BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDEN

Since the establishment of the Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG) in 1817, the protection of the tree collections, even the loss of aging trees (> 100 years old), has been one of its most important tasks. Abiotic factors such as intense extreme events, i.e., heavy rainfall and strong winds, as well as biotic factors from human activities, pests and diseases, and the deterioration of the health of the plant collection with age, has threatened the survival of the old tree collections. As the BBG has many functions for conservation and human ecological activities, tree fall accidents have become a primary concern in preventing the loss of biodiversity and human life. Therefore, disaster map zonation is required to prevent and minimize such accident together with a prediction of which individual specimen is likely to fall. We examined the health of 154 to determine the falling probability of 1106 aged trees based on several factors that might cause the fall in the past and to make model predictions generated by nine supervised machine learning algorithms to get a binary value of falling probability and then classified into four categories (neglectable, low, moderate, and high probability of falling). Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation method was used to depict a zone map of trees prone to fall in BBG. We found 885 susceptible trees, of which 358 individual trees were highly susceptible to fall (red zone color), dominated by families from Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Meliaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Sapindaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Araucariaceae, Malvaceae, and Anacardiaceae. This result was based on Random Forest model due to its highest accuracy among algorithms and its lowest false negative (FN) value. The FN value was important to minimize error calculation on aged trees that were not prone to fall but turned out to be prone to fall. The dominant factor contributing to high falling intensity was hollow and brittle on the tree trunks where many were found to have pests inside damaged parts such as termites, wood-borers, and bark-eaters. Several trees were found to have combined damages with more than a single causative factor that exacerbated tree’s health and increased falling probability

Decay Tree Detection in Bogor Botanic Gardens Collection Using Sonic Tomograph Technology

Bogor Botanic Gardens is an ex-situ plant conservation area in Indonesia. Since BBG is 103 years old, many collections are 100 years old or older. These antique collections may sustain damage, such as broken or collapsing, endangering visitors and employees. As a result, monitoring tree health at BBG is a critical task. According to the tree health monitoring data, 73 of 244 trees were further checked using the PiCUS Sonic Tomograph. Trees from the Fabaceae (31%) and Myrtaceae (10%) families were the most frequently checked. Walnuts trees from the Burseraceae family had the most specimens (47,94%). The PST effectively provides an immediate picture of the stem condition by calculating solid and decaying wood percentage values