Genotyping wine and table grape cultivars from Apulia (Southern Italy) using microsatellite markers

Thirty-eight typical grapevine varieties of the Apulia region, Southern Italy, were genotyped at 6 microsatellite loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VrZAG47, VrZAG62, VrZAG79) with the aim to find synonymy and to confirm some pedigrees reported in literature. Microsatellites were amplified by PCR with 33P-ATP labelled primers and alleles separated by electrophoresis using 6 % acrylamide sequencing gels. The results confirm the high information level of the selected microsatellites. The number of alleles ranged from 7 to 11, producing up to 23 different combination patterns. The observed heterozygosity varied between 81.6 and 94.7 %, the discrimination power between 0.888 and 0.939, and the probability of identity was as low as 0.06-0.12. All cultivars of the study were discriminated from each other, except Regina (syn. Afuz Ali) and Mennavacca, which had the same profile. Finally, we were able to confirm the parentage of Victoria (Cardinal x Afuz Ali) and Matilde (Italia x Cardinal).

Characterisation of the grapevine cultivar Picolit by means of morphological descriptors and molecular markers

The phenotypic and genotypic variability of cv. Picolit, an ancient, female-flower cultivar from north-eastern Italy was investigated by means of ampelographic and ampelometric descriptors and by molecular markers, such as microsatellites and AFLPs. Thirty nine samples were collected from old plants (30-100 years old), which showed some differences in morphology and growth. In two samples (P6 and P7) morphological differences were found. These samples showed a different allelic profile at 18 out of the 21 SSRs analysed and were therefore considered not to belong to the cv. Picolit. Of the remaining samples, 35 gave the same allelic pattern at all SSRs and they were therefore considered ‘true-to-type’ Picolit, whereas two of them (P4 and P8) showed several variations, including extra alleles. One of the possible causes of such differences is chimerism. The AFLP analysis, from which samples P6 and P7 were excluded, enabled screening of a larger portion of the genome and confirmed the differences of the P4 and P8 samples from the remaining ones. P4 and P8 were different from the majority of samples at 13 and 37 AFLP loci respectively. A few further polymorphic bands were recorded in the remaining samples, but they were disregarded since they were not always reproducible. This research confirmed the appreciable somatic stability of SSR markers even in long-lived, vegetatively propagated plants, and the occasional occurrence of solid mutations and chimerisms.

Eleições e competição política

Editoria

A imprensa carioca e o autoritarismo eleitoral dos anos 1930: a disputa de narrativas sobre o governo provisório de 1930-1934 = The carioca press and the electoral authoritarianism of the 1930s: the dispute of narratives about the provisional government of 1930-1934 = La prensa carioca y el autoritarismo electoral de los años 30: la disputa de las narrativas sobre el gobierno provisional de 1930-1934

Como o Governo Provisório chefiado por Getúlio Vargas entre 1930 e 1934 forjou a construção de uma narrativa favorável sobre os seus próprios atos perante a imprensa carioca da época (ABREU, 2019)? No Brasil, a literatura tem apontado a complexa relação estabelecida pela imprensa com a ditadura militar de 1964-1985 (CAPELATO; PRADO, 1980; MOTTA, 2017), de forma similar ao observado em estudos comparados (MOTTA; TOULHOAT, 2022). A experiência autoritária de 1930-1934, porém, não recebeu a mesma atenção. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar como o jornal O Radical, criado para advogar em favor da Revolução de 1930, noticiou os momentos críticos que desafiaram a permanência da ditadura varguista e o consequente controle do Governo Provisório sobre o processo de reconstitucionalização do país. Analisaremos a cobertura jornalística do periódico em conjunturas políticas críticas de 1932 a 1933, contrastando com o publicado concomitantemente pelo Diário de Notícias, que fazia oposição à ditadura. A crítica documental revelará como O Radical procurou retratar os interesses puros do povo e do governo como um só (“nós”, a pátria) por oposição aos ímpetos corruptos dos adversários políticos (“eles”), para disseminar a versão oficial do processo histórico conhecido como Revolução Constitucionalista e dos preparativos à convocação da Constituinte. Com esta estratégia típica da retórica populista (MUDDE; KALTWASSER, 2017), o periódico vocalizava o discurso revolucionário, em linha com o autoritarismo eleitoral dos anos 1930 (RICCI, 2019

Curiosidade científica, disciplina e método: uma entrevista com a professora Hilda Sabato

Entrevista com a professora Hilda Sabat

O Código Eleitoral de 1932 e as eleições da Era Vargas: um passo na direção da democracia?

How to interpret the Brazilian Electoral Code of 1932? It introduced measures considered fundamental to expand political participation and adopted the secret vote, proportional representation, women’s suffrage, mandatory voting, besides creating an Electoral Court. The literature usually points to the Code as a progress made by Brazilian institutions toward democracy. This article proposes an alternative interpretation. Analyzing the context behind the design of these rules and their impact on the 1933 and 1934 elections, we argue that the 1932 Electoral Code served the interests of the authoritarian government that sought to legitimize the 1930 Revolution at the box office.¿Cómo interpretar el Código Electoral de 1932? Este código introdujo medidas consideradas fundamentales para expandir la participación política y permitir la elección de oposiciones, adoptando el voto secreto, la representación proporcional, el voto femenino, el voto obligatorio y la Justicia Electoral. La literatura generalmente apunta al Código como un progreso realizado por las instituciones brasileñas hacia la democracia. Este artículo propone una interpretación alternativa. Analizando el contexto del diseño de estas reglas y su impacto en las elecciones de 1933 y 1934, argumentamos que el Código Electoral de 1932 sirvió a los intereses del gobierno autoritario que buscó legitimar la Revolución de 1930 en las urnas.Como interpretar o Código Eleitoral de 1932? Ele introduziu medidas consideradas fundamentais para ampliar a participação política e viabilizar a eleição das oposições, adotando voto secreto, representação proporcional, voto feminino, voto obrigatório e Justiça Eleitoral. A literatura costuma apontar o Código como um progresso das instituições brasileiras rumo à democracia. Esse artigo propõe uma interpretação alternativa. Analisando o contexto da concepção dessas regras e o impacto delas nas eleições de 1933 e 1934, argumentamos que o Código Eleitoral de 1932 atendeu aos interesses do governo autoritário que buscava legitimar a Revolução de 1930 nas urnas

QUEM GANHOU AS ELEIÇÕES? A VALIDAÇÃO DOS RESULTADOS ANTES DA CRIAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA ELEITORAL

O presente artigo revisita a Primeira República brasileira (1894-1930) para elucidar a dinâmica político-partidáriado contencioso eleitoral numa fase anterior à consagração da magistratura enquanto órgão proclamador da verdade das urnas, prerrogativa instituída somente com o Código de 1932. Recorremos à crítica dos protestos eleitorais e de suas refutações, quando existentes, apresentados por adversários políticos frente aos resultados dos escrutínios para a Câmara Federal - fontes ainda inéditas, disponíveis nos Diários e Anais da própria Casa legislativa. Os dados levantados mostram que, ao contrário da visão disseminada pela literatura, a degola das oposições não era usual, mas restrita a anos críticos, quando o situacionismo local não conseguia coordenar as disputas regionais pelo poder. Na maioria dos casos, o parlamento, que arbitrava sobre o reconhecimento dos seus diplomados, tendia a ratificar as escolhas adotadas ao nível subnacional. Desta forma, o caso brasileiro alerta para o fato de não se poder ler a adoção de tribunais independentes como mera resposta à solução do contencioso político que ocorria no parlamento, bem limitado. Tal achado nos permite pensar, antes, o advento da Justiça Eleitoral dentro de um projeto de reforma política mais ampla, incluindo a defesa de mecanismos democráticos para as eleições e que antecedem a validação dos votos

Genetics-assisted breeding for downy/powdery mildew and phylloxera resistance at fem

The genetics-assisted program for resistance to biotic stresses began at the Edmund Mach Foundation in 2007 and has developed on two lines. The first line was based on obtaining resistant materials with parents the historical varieties of Trentino. During the three-year period 2015–2017, 3 Teroldego X Merzling genotypes, 3 Marzemino X Merzling genotypes, 1 Nosiola X Bianca genotype and 1 Nosiola X Kulneany genotype were collected the data related to resistance to various fungal diseases both on the leaf and on the bunch. At harvest the plant production data and the must characteristics were recorded; the grapes were vinified and for each year the wines were subjected to sensorial analysis. 5 resistant selections were considered interesting for all the characteristics found and therefore the data for the registration to the National Register of Grapevine Varieties will be collected. The second line of research was based on the retrieval and both genotypic and phenotypic characterization of potentially parental lines acquired from foreign breeding programs and of wild materials. Once the crossings have been planned and obtained, the evaluation of the progeny takes place following a process of Marker-Assisted Selection optimized in order to maintain a compromise between efficiency and cost containment

Secondary and primary metabolites reveal putative resistance-associated biomarkers against Erysiphe necator in resistant grapevine genotypes

Numerous fungicide applications are required to control Erysiphe necator, the causative agent of powdery mildew. This increased demand for cultivars with strong and long-lasting field resistance to diseases and pests. In comparison to the susceptible cultivar ‘Teroldego’, the current study provides information on some promising disease-resistant varieties (mono-locus) carrying one E. necator-resistant locus: BC4 and ‘Kishmish vatkana’, as well as resistant genotypes carrying several E. necator resistant loci (pyramided): ‘Bianca’, F26P92, F13P71, and NY42. A clear picture of the metabolites’ alterations in response to the pathogen is shown by profiling the main and secondary metabolism: primary compounds and lipids; volatile organic compounds and phenolic compounds at 0, 12, and 48 hours after pathogen inoculation. We identified several compounds whose metabolic modulation indicated that resistant plants initiate defense upon pathogen inoculation, which, while similar to the susceptible genotype in some cases, did not imply that the plants were not resistant, but rather that their resistance was modulated at different percentages of metabolite accumulation and with different effect sizes. As a result, we discovered ten up-accumulated metabolites that distinguished resistant from susceptible varieties in response to powdery mildew inoculation, three of which have already been proposed as resistance biomarkers due to their role in activating the plant defense response