Assessment Klaster Perikanan (Studi Pengembangan Klaster Rumput Laut Kabupaten Sumenep)

Cluster is the strategy for regional development to support local economic potency. Theopinion of fisheries cluster will be developed closed to that strategy, with the aim to establishof fisheries industrial complex. In the fisheries cluster complex, the industrial units encourageto foster the harmonize link among others to increase the economic growth. Researchconcerning seaweed cluster was conducted in Sumenep (Madura) in May 2007. The locationwas choice as the target area for the establishment the fisheries cluster complex. The purposesof this research were: i). to identify and study the fisheries industrial cluster complexcharacteristics related to the development of fisheries industry. ii). To study the characteristicand pattern linkages among industrial units in fisheries center related to institutionaldevelopment. iii). to generate suggested recommendation for seaweed cluster industrialcomplex in Sumenep district. Data were collected through survey in the respected area; therespondents covered the local government officers, seaweed farmers, seaweed processors,local traders, exporters, local transportation services and local leaders. The research findingsare: there are many seaweed industry units in Sumenep which can be use as the maincomponent to organize for the establishment the seaweed industrial cluster complex, thereexist the horizontal conflict among traders and seaweed processors to have the seaweed fromthe farmers. On the other hand the vertical relationship among industrial unit tends to makeasymmetric information on price and product criteria between traders and seaweed farmers.This research recommended the seaweed cluster industrial complex in Sumenep developbased on: consumer oriented, collective and cumulative approach. And the development ofSumenep's seaweed cluster need three step, namely: preparation step, consolidation step andindependency / transfer step. There are two types of industries which can be as a core of theseaweed clusters in Sumenep, there are the seaweed chip industry or the seaweed chip andpowder industry

Marjin Pemasaran dan Resiko Pedagang: Kasus Pengembangan Rumput Laut di Propinsi Gorontalo

Intensive seaweed development program occured during fisheries revitalitation programrealesed by government. The development of this commodity triggred by highly demand ofseaweed raw material and it's derivative in domestic and export markets. This article writebased on the RRA survey technique on marketing marjin and trade risk face by traders onseaweed trade in Gorontalo. Responden interviewed covered the stakeholders involve inseaweed business in Gorontalo. The primary data were used to analysed the marketing marjinand trader's risk of seaweed in Gorontalo. The traders who involved in seaweed businessassume to be risk preference, due to profit oriented as long as risk oriented. The researchfinding indicated: the price sharing recive by each stakeholder compared the retail price inSurabaya and Manado quite preferable. Asymetric price information not occured among tradelevels. Marketing marjin at each level and total marjin relatively low. This informationindicated the marketing cost of seaweed more absorbed for transportation cost. As a riskpreference, the trader who sold the seaweed to Manado face highly risk compared to theirpartner who sold sea weed to Surabaya, respectively. The active involvement of governmentin seaweed business need the proper planning and strategy to ignore the disappearing target

PEMBANGUNAN GIANT SEA WALL: BERMANFAATKAH BAGI MASYARAKAT PERIKANAN ?

RINGKASANPembangunan Giant Sea Wall (GSW) di Teluk Jakarta merupakan program lintas kementerian, yang dirancang untuk mendukung perekonomian dan mengendalikan banjir di Jakarta. Permasalahan GSW tersebut, tidak hanya terkait dengan aspek teknis kontruksi dan lingkungan, tetapi terkait juga dengan aspek sosial ekonomi tentang investasi dan pertumbuhan usaha perikanan.  Saat ini, pada kawasan itu terdapat berbagai investasi dan lapangan usaha perikanan. Data statistik, menunjukkan peran lapangan usaha perikanan dalam perekonomian Jakarta Utara menurun dari 0,10% pada tahun 2006 menjadi 0,08% pada tahun 2012.  Penurunan peran ini, bukan berarti lapangan usaha perikanan ini tidak penting.  Selama ini, lapangan usaha perikanan di kawasan itu merupakan sabuk pengaman yang mampu menyediakan lapangan kerja untuk 30 ribu orang dari berbagai kelompok masyarakat di Teluk Jakarta.  Invasi investasi sekitar  Rp. 600 triliun  untuk pembangunan GSW sampai tahun 2030, merupakan instrumen fiskal penting yang dapat mempercepat tumbuhnya perekonomian di kawasan tersebut.  Instrumen ini menurut beberapa pihak, dapat menjadi stimulus pembangunan, namun  pihak lain menganggap, dapat menjadi “jebakan fiskal untuk sektor perikanan”. Tulisan ini melihat, pembangunan GSW tersebut membuka peluang usaha baru bagi masyarakat perikanan. Namun, untuk memanfaatkan peluang itu diperlukan berbagai kebijakan yang inovatif.Kata kunci : giant sea wall, demografi, nelayan, pembudidaya, pengolah

Industri Perikanan di Bitung

Bitung merupakan kawasan industri perikanan yang telah berkembang sejak dua dasawarsa lalu. Berkembangnya Bitung sebagai kawasan industri perikanan tidak lepas dari investasi yang dilakukan pemerintah dengan membangun Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Bitung. Tulisan ini memberi gambaran perkembanganindustri perikanan di Bitung dengan memanfaatkan data yang dikumpulkan melalui teknik Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di Bitung terdapat perusahaan pengolah hasil perikanan yang didukung oleh armada tangkap yang baik., infrastruktur juga cukup memadai. Namun untuk keberlanjutan industri perikanan di Bitung perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah terobosan seperti membangun jalan raya bebas hambatan untuk menjamin arus barang dan jasa dari dan ke Bitung, pembangunan pembangkit listrik untuk meningkatkan pasokan listrik ke berbagai aktivitas ekonomi di Bitung, serta membangun sistim distribusi ikan untuk mengintegrasikan sentra produksi dan sentra pasar

Testing Market Integration: An Analysis of Fresh Sea Fish Prices in Java

Two kinds of analyses were undertaken to study fresh sea fish commodity in Indonesia, namely,consumption of fresh sea fish in Indonesia and the pricing efficiency analysis of fresh sea fish in Java. The data for consumption analysis were collected from Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS). A consumption equation was estimated and the adjustment coefficient was found to be 0.6186 suggesting that the adjustment to optimal consumption level was quite rapid. The results also suggest that in the short-run, the elasticities of demand with respect to price of fresh sea fish, income and price of SUbstitute are -0.00035, 0.15379, and 0.00003 respectively ,which were in elastic

PENILAIAN SOSIAL DALAM MEMBANGUN ENTITAS BISNIS PERIKANAN PADA SKPT SELAT LAMPA, NATUNA

Kehadiran nelayan asing pelaku Illegal Unreported and Unregulated fishing (IUU- Fishing) pada Laut Natuna Utara merupakan sinyal, perairan tersebut cukup potensial. Keberhasilan menangkap pelaku IUU Fishingpada perairan itu, seharusnya mendorong pelaku usaha perikanan Natuna memanfaatkan peluang itu. Namun, hal itu belum terwujud, karena struktur sosial dan jaringan sosial entitas bisnis perikanan diluar SKPT Selat Lampa, kapasitasnya belum dipetakan. Pemetaan perlu dilakukan untuk mengukur: kemampuan pemupukan modal, kemampuan akses potensi ikan, membangun industri pengolahan, membangun akses pasar dan jaringan perdagangan ikan, serta perilaku bisnis pelaku usaha perikanan di Natuna. Upaya meningkatkan peran entitas bisnis perikanan di Natuna, dilaksanakan melalui program Sentra Kelautan dan Perikanan Terpadu (SKPT) di Selat Lampa. SKPT yang dimulai sejak tahun 2016. Lokasi ini dipilih karena kontruksi sosialnya masih premature sehingga perlu strategi untuk memfungsikannya. Assessmentosial ini, bertujuan memberi informasi tentang struktur sosial dan  jaringan sosial entitas bisnis perikanan diluar SKPT Selat Lampa, sebagai bahan untuk operasionalisasi SKPT tersebut. Informasi tulisan ini diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion(FGD) di Ranai. Informasi FGD itu, diperkaya dengan mewawancara 50 nelayan, 5 pedagang, 5 pengolah dan 3 pengusaha yang melakukan bisnis perikanan di Natuna. Informasi dikumpulkan pada bulan Juli dan Oktober 2017. Hasil analisis merekomendasikan pedagang besar pada jaringan bisnis ikan di Natuna harus diintegrasikan dalam entitas bisnis usaha patungan, sebagai wadah pedagang tersebut berperan di SKPT Selat Lampa.Social Assessment on The Development of The Fishery Business Entity in SKPT Selat Lampa, NatunaThe presence of foreign fishermen committing Illegal Unreported and Unregulated fishing (IUU- Fishing) in North Natuna Sea indicates that the sea is highly potential. The arrest of IUU-Fishing actors is supposed to encourage the local businessmen to take the opportunities. However, the role has not been established yet due to lack of capacity mapping of social structure and social networking for the fishing business outside SKPT Lampa Strait. The mapping was required to measure the ability of capital accumulation, access to fish resources, development of processing industry, development of market access and fish trading network, and behaviour of fish businessmen in Natuna. The Integrated Centre of Marine and Fisheries (SKPT) in Lampa Strait, which has been initiated since 2016, is developed to empower the role of fish business in Natuna. This location was chosen due to the prematurity social construction, therefore, a particular strategy is necessary to function it. This social assessment aimed to inform social structure and social networking of fish business outside SKPT Lampa Strait as a subject to operate the SKPT. The information of this article were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in Ranai, as well as interview with 50 fishermen, 5 traders, and 3 businessmen doing fish business in Natuna. The information was collected on July and October 2017. The result of the analysis recommended that fish wholesaler in Natuna network business should be integrated in joint venture to encourage their engagement in business activities at SKPT Lampa strait

ALTERNATIF MODEL KELEMBAGAAN REFINE: MODEL INOVASI KELEMBAGAAN KLINIK IPTEK MINA BISNIS

Naskah ini, terkait dengan konsepsi Klinik IPTEK Mina Bisnis (KIMBis) dan Research ExtensionFisheries Community Network (REFINE). Keduanya merupakan inovasi kelembagaan yang bertujuanmenyebarkan IPTEK di daerah pedesaan. Konsepsi KIMBis telah diimplementasikan pada 15 lokasi.Sementara implementasi dari konsepsi REFINE masih dalam wacana. Konsepsi dasar keduanya sangatberbeda tetapi tujuannya hampir sama. Kelembagaan KIMBis dibangun melalui partisipasi berbagaistakeholder dengan pendekatan bottom up. Sementara kelembagaan REFINE dikembangkan denganmembentuk Kelompok Kerja (Pokja) pada tingkat pusat dan daerah, pendekatannya adalah top down.Sumber informasi utama tulisan ini adalah pengamatan lapangan terhadap perilaku berbagai stakeholder,serta laporan 15 lokasi KIMBis dan dokumen REFINE. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa KIMBisdapat dimodifikasi sebagai alternatif model kelembagaan REFINE. Modifikasi kelembagaan sebagaipenyebar inovasi ini tergantung pada kemauan politik dari perumus kebijakan. Selain itu fleksibilitaslembaga tersebut juga memegang peranan penting dalam menarik pemangku kepentingan berpartisipasidalam kelembagaan itu. Kelembagaan berbasis masyarakat umumnya lebih mudah diimplementasikandibandingkan kelembagaan formal dalam bentuk Pokja. Fleksibilitas KIMBis membuat kelembagaantersebut berperan multi fungsi. Namun untuk memfungsikan KIMBis: sebagai sarana pemberdayaanmasyarakat berbasis IPTEK, sarana pengembangan ekonomi masyarakat berbasis IPTEK, sarana kerjasama peneliti, perekayasa dan penyuluh dalam menerapkan dan menyebarkan IPTEK serta memperolehumpan balik untuk merenovasi IPTEK dan pendekatan yang dilakukan, sebagai tempat kolaborasi denganlembaga-lembaga yang sudah ada, SKPP, SKPD, Swasta dan LSM dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraanmasyarakat, dan sebagai laboratorium lapang aspek sosial ekonomi kelautan dan perikanan dihadapkanpada berbagai kendala. Tingkat partisipasi berbagai pemangku kepentingan terhadap KIMBis sangatbervariasi. Pada masa yang akan datang untuk mengembangkan KIMBis harus mengembangkan sosialkapital dan interkoneksitas, agar partisipasi pemangku kepentingan dapat meningkat.Title: An Alternative Institution Model for REFINE:Inovative Institutional Model of the Klinik Iptek Mina BisnisThis paper is associated with the concept of institutions innovation of the “Klinik IPTEK MinaBisnis (KIMBis)” and the “Research Extension Fisheries Community Network” (REFINE). The purpose ofboth the institutions innovation was to spread the technologies at the villages communities. Recently, theKIMBis concept has been implemented at 15 locations, while the REFINE concept still remains a plan.The basic concept of both innovations are very different but the goals almost the same. The KIMBis wasbuilt through the participation of a wide range of stakeholders with a bottom up approaching method.Mean while, the REFINE was developed by forming working group (Pokja) at the provincial and thedistrict levels, known a top down approaching method. The main sources of the information for this paperare based on the field observation tows the various stakeholders’ behavior, as well as the report of the15 locations of KIMBis and the REFINE documents. The results show that KIMBis can be modified asthe alternative institution for REFINE. This modification depends greatly on the political will of the policymakers. In addition, the flexibility of the institutions is also play an important role in an attracting the stakeholders to participate in the institutional program. In the form of working group, the society-basedinstitutions are generally easier to be implemented than the formal institution. The flexibility of KIMBiswill build a multi-functioned institution, such as the place for technology-based society empowerment;the place for technology-based rural economic development; and a tool to develop the cooperationamong researchers, engineers, and extension officers in applying and spreading technologies as well asobtaining feedbacks to renovate technologies and the approaching methods. The other functions aretofacilitate the existing institutions: SKPP,SKPD, private companies and NGO to create public welfare,and as the field laboratory for the socio ecomonic aspects to support the development of marine andfisheries. Recently, the level of participation of the stakeholders involved in the KIMBis activities varywidely. In the future, the development of KIMBis need social capital and interconectivity strategies toboost the stakeholders paticipation on KIMBis program

PERILAKU SOSIAL BERINVESTASI DAN PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN RAKYAT DI WPP 714

Tulisan ini mempelajari perikanan rakyat pada WPP 714 yang berlokasi di Kota Kendari dan di Kota Tual. Data tentang nelayan perikanan rakyat yang digunakan merupakan data hasil survey yang dikumpulkan pada Bulan Mei 2015 dan bulan Oktober 2015. Basis analisis adalah kelompok alat tangkap Pancing, Jaring dan Perangkap. Jumlah responden pada setiap pengambilan data per lokasi masing-masing 100 responden. Hasil analisis menunjukkan: investasi nelayan perikanan rakyat merupakan induced investment karena memanfaatkan dana sendiri. Pada lokasi tertentu telah memaanfaatkan jasa bank dan pedagang. Armada perikanan rakyat pada dua lokasi itu mampu mensubtitusi peran perikanan komersial, jika berbagai infrastruktur (autonomous investment) seperti: Pabrik Es, Cold Storage, pasokan listrik serta sarana transportasi distribusi ikan, pasokan BBM disiapkan oleh pemerintah. Keberhasilan membangun dan memfungsikan infrastruktur dapat mempercepat transformasi armada perikanan rakyat menuju perikanan komersial. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan transformasi armada perikanan rakyat menjadi armada komersial harus segera dilakukan dengan mengganti PTM dan PMT menjadi armada KM dengan tonase kapal >=20 GT. Transformasi harus dikuti dengan pelatihan manajerial bisnis dan didukung oleh skema pembiayaan yang mudah diakses dengan bunga rendah.This paper studied about artisanal fisheries in Fisheries Management Area of Indonesian Republic (FMAs) 714 located in Kendari City and Tual City. Data in this paper are obtained from survey conducted in May and October 2015. The analysis is based on the group of fishing equipments: line, net, and trap. Total numbers of respondents are 100 on each location. It is found that the fishing investment of artisanal fisheries can be called as induced investment, because it used a personal funding. In some particular locations they used bank and merchant services. Artisanal fishing vessel on both locations are able to substitute the role of commercial fisheries. This could only occur with the presence of various infrastructures (autonomous investement) such as ice factory, cold storage, electrical supply, fish transportation and distribution equipment, and fuel supply fasilities, prepared by the government. The other things are prepared and accessible of the capital support scheme. The success in building and functioning infrastructures mentioned above could accelerate transformation of the artisanal fisheries towards commercial fisheries. This paper recommends the transformation to be immediately implemented by substituting non powered fishing vessels and out board fishing vessels to inboard powered fishing vessels with tonnage >=20 GT. This transformation should be followed by business managerial training and be supported by accessible funding scheme with low interest

TINGKAT PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT PERIKANAN DALAM PEMANFAATAN POTENSI DUA DANAU DI KABUPATEN SIMEULUE

Danau Laulo dan Danau Lauik Tawar adalah dua danau di Simeulue yang informasinya belum tersedia secara memadai. Akibatnya program pembangunan untuk masyarakat disekitar danau itu belum dapat diwujudkan. Tulisan ini, mempelajari tingkat partisipasi pemangku kepentingan di Desa Amabaan dan Desa Bulu Hadek dalam mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan potensi kedua danau tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Nopember 2015 dengan mewawancara secara acak 20 responden di Desa Amabaan dan 20 responden di Desa Bulu Hadek. Pengumpulan data kedua dilakukan pada Oktober 2016 melalui diskusi dengan tokoh masyarakat setempat. Hasil penelitian menggungkapkan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat memanfaatkan potensi danau, belum mencapai tingkat partisipasi mandiri. Tingkat partisipasi pedagang hanya pada tingkat partisipasi informatif (di Desa Bulu Hadek) dan tingkat partisipasi interaktif (di Desa Amabaan). Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat membiayaai usaha di Amabaan adalah tingkat partisipasi interaktif dan di Desa Bulu Hadek adalah tingkat partisipasi insentif. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemupukan modal melalui tabungan adalah tingkat partisipasi pasif. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan, untuk peningkatan pemanfaatan potensi danau perlu dilakukan intervensi pemerintah dengan membentuk pasar informal dan mengembangkan inkubator bisnis pada kedua lokasi tersebut. Dampak dari rekomendasi itu akan mendorong perubahan sosial dalam masyarakat, sehingga dapat membuat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemanfaatan potensi danau, perdagangan dan pemupukan modal menuju tingkat partisipasi mandiri. There is limited information related to Laulo and Lauik Tawar Lakes located in Simeulue. As a consequences, the economic development program for the community cannot be appropriately implemented. This paper aims to investigate the level of participation among stakeholders in the community of Amabaan and Bulu Hadek Villages. Data was collected in November 2015 by interviewing 20 respondents in both villages randomly. The second data collection was conducted in October 2016 by discussing with the local public figures. The results showed that the community has not reached independent level in utilizing the lakes potency. The level of traders’ participation only reached the informative participation and the interactive participation in Bulu Hadek Village and Amabaan Village repectively. The level of participation in community in funding the business in Amabaan and Bulu Hadek Village are interactive and incentive, respectively. The level of participation by community on capital formation by savings is passive. The government intervention needed to increase participation level, such as creating informal market or market day (farmers market) and creating business incubator on both locations. Those activities will encourage social change to make the community participate in utilizing lake potency, trade, and capital growth through independent level of participation.

KONTRUKSI SOSIAL DALAM MEMBANGUAN BISNIS LOBSTER DI INDONESIA

Kontruksi sosial bisnis lobster merupakan fenomena sosial yang berperan menjaga keberlanjutan bisnis lobster. Peran itu telah ditunjukkan melalui berbagai regulasi dan kelembagaan (asosiasi lobster) di Amerika Utara, Australia dan Uni Eropa. Di Indonesia asosiasi atau organisasi yang demikian belum ada. Keberadaan Permen KP No. 56/ 2016, merupakan kontruksi sosial yang penting untuk merintis pengembangan bisnis lobster Indonesia yang berkelanjutan. Tulisan ini mempelajari fenomena kontruksi sosial dari jaringan sosial bisnis lobster pada berbagai kawasan di Indonesia. Bahan tulisan ini, diperoleh dari studi pustaka, hasil survey di Simeulue tahun 2015 – 2016 dan wawancara narasumber yang terkait langsung dengan bisnis lobster pada bulan Juli 2017. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kebijakan terobosan harus dilakukan dalam mengembangkan bisnis lobster di Indonesia dengan membentuk kelembagaan Asosiasi Lobster Indonesia (ALI) atau Konsorsium Lobster Indonesia (KLI). ALI atau KLI berperan tidak hanya untuk berdagang, tetapi membantu pemerintah menjaga stok lobster dan mempromosikan teknik penangkapan/budidaya lobster, serta merancang kebijakan untuk mempengaruhi pasar global.Social construction of lobster business is a social phenomenon to maintain the sustainability of lobster business. The role has been showed by many regulation and institution (lobster associations) in North America, Australia and European Union. Such associations have not been established in Indonesia. The Ministerial Decree of Fisheries & Marine Affair No. 56/2016 is an important social construction as a pioneer to develop sustainable lobster business only in Indonesia. This paper studied the phenomenon of social construction from lobster business network in many areas in Indonesia. The source of data and information were obtained from literature study, survey in Simeulue from 2015-2016, and interview with sources directly related with lobster business in July 2017. Result analysis showed that an innovation in Indonesian lobster business policy should be made by creating Indonesian Lobster Association (ILA) or Indonesian Lobster Consotium (KLI). The role of ILA or KLI are not only related to lobster trading, but also to assist the government in maintaining lobster stock, promoting techniques of lobster cultivation, and designing policy to affect global market