Interspecific gene flow and ecological selection in a pine (Pinus sp.) contact zone

Nucleotide polymorphisms in a set of nuclear genes were studied in a sympatric population of pines Pinus mugo and Pinus sylvestris that includes trees classified as pure species and polycormic (multi-stemmed)individuals of potentially hybrid origin. Patterns of genetic diversity were compared between those groups of samples and to the reference allopatric populations of the species in Europe. Polymorphisms at the gene loci clearly distinguished pure parental species as measured by conventional frequency-based statistics and Bayesian assignment of samples into separate genetic clusters. Most individuals classified based on phenotypic assessments as putative hybrids were genetically very similar to P. mugo showing no existing average net divergence and genetic assignment to the same genetic cluster. On the other hand, individuals of P. sylvestris showed homogenous genetic background to the reference populations of the species from Central and Northern Europe. Ten individuals of admixed genetic composition were found in all three groups of samples; however, the majority of hybrids except one individual were identified across the samples classified as P. mugo and polycormic pines. Those trees that contained a mixture of nuclear gene haplotypes observed in the reference populations of pure species and cpDNA from P. mugo, most likely represent the first generation of hybrids. Analysis of the allelic frequency spectra and compound neutrality tests identified deviations from neutrality at several genes. This contact zone seems suitable for selection of a mapping population both in hybrid and parental species for admixture mapping to effectively search for polymorphisms that may play role in species adaptive variation and speciation

Effect of BEMER signal on biological restitution and cognitive processes after endurance exercise. A case study

Mrozkowiak Mirosław, Mrozkowiak Magdalena, Zukowska Hanna, Sokołowski Marek. Effect of BEMER signal on biological restitution and cognitive processes after endurance exercise. A case study. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(10):175-196. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.160628http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3932   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 02.09.2016. Revised 24.09.2016. Accepted: 12.10.2016.   Effect of BEMER signal on biological restitution and cognitive processes after endurance exercise. A case study Mirosław Mrozkowiak2, Magdalena Mrozkowiak2, Hanna Zukowska1, Marek Sokołowski3 1Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Department of Physical Education, Health and Tourism2Bioergonsport, Nowa Biała 8p, 09-411 Biała, Polska3Academy of Physical Education, Poznań  Summary            Capillary network density in particular tissues grows proportionally to their oxygen demand. BEMER therapy, used as complex or supplementary treatment, improves basic physiological processes, angiokinesis, microcirculation, as well as oxygenation and nutrition of muscle cells.Material and methods. The study was conducted on a male individual who leads a healthy life style and who twice subjected himself to the markings of cognitive functions and selected blood indicators; first, during natural physiological restitution after endurance effort, and second, after restitution enhanced with BEMER therapy. Results. Most significant changes after endurance effort were observed in the following blood indicators: leukocytes, erythrocytes, insulin and cortisol. Least significant changes were noted in the number of lymphocytes and in cognitive functions.Conclusion. Applied methodology and profile of BEMER signal, through increasing the lumen of microcirculation vessels, variously affects the value of selected blood indicatorsThe individual results achieved from the conducted measurements may not serve a basis for drawing generalized conclusions on after-endurance effect of BEMER signal; instead, they may be treated as an attempt at showing a direction for further research on the possible changes in the application method of the structurally multidimensional BEMER signal as well as on the intensification of biological restitution after various physical efforts.More beneficial results of TMT test observed in the second course of measurements are rather a result of learning process than of BEMER therapy itself

Evaluation of the Impact of Different Types of Uncoupling on the Processing Capacity of Hump Yards

The paper considers the issue of evaluating the impact of different types of uncoupling to increase the processing capacity of hump yards to ensure high technical-economic indicators in the conditions of limited capital funds. Moreover it describes the mathematical formulation of the sorting slide. For the mathematical formulation, the sorting slide is taken as a surface that is uniquely projected onto a horizontal plane. Based on the results of calculations, more accurate data on the speeds of movement along the downhill part of the slide are determined. This data is compared with experimental results

When women abuse: female violence in the long-term relationships in Poland

This exploratory research investigates the reasons for and perpetration of domestic violence and coercive control by women towards their long-term current or former male partners. It identifies several measurable characteristics of the alleged perpetrators, victims, their relationships, and the Judicial System's response to the cases reported. It aims to identify the key variables that play a role in abuse perpetration and the areas for further research. Non-random, consecutive samples of data were retrieved from the prosecution and court case files: of 50 cases in Warsaw and 134 in Lublin, Poland. The areas with a similar number of inhabitants were sampled. A mixed-method was applied to record the information; qualitative data were converted into categorical variables to conduct descriptive and inferential statistics: Chi² test of association and multiple Z-tests of two proportions with Boneferroni adjustment. The samples were compared with the non-criminal population of Poland for the number of children and the structure of education. Results showed the main themes emerging: economic issues, women empowerment, alcohol, age and age difference between the partners, self-defence and defending children. Many similarities between the criminal samples from both places in the age structure of partners, number of children, patterns of age and income differences, and alcohol use during the perpetration were found, however, the differences in reporting self-defence, and education structure were present. The abuse was mostly bidirectional; a mixture of more than one kind of coercive control tactics and physical abuse; while the reasons related to the use of the family property and monetary resources. The reasons for violence use varied for the women with three and more children depending on whether they enlisted the accomplices or abused alone. The implications of the findings and areas for future research are discussed