Construction supervision during capital construction, reconstruction and re-profiling

This article raises problems related to the shortcomings in the existing field of construction supervision and the relationship between participants in the construction process. An article dedicated to the implementation of comprehensive and comprehensive construction supervision at capital construction sites, bringing the construction supervision system to a standard that minimized the customer’s risks and minimized the number of errors in the construction industry. The aim of the article is to find solutions and ways to resolve problems, because of which there are many qualities, as well as the timing of projects for investment and construction activities. On the basis of a statistical analysis of the current situation and world experience, the main proposals for the improvement of construction supervision systems are presented

Molecular and genetic characterization of the hepatitis B virus full-length genome sequences identified in HBsAg-negative blood donors in Ural Federal District

Introduction. The World Health Organization estimates that as of 2019, more than 296 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The prevalence of HBsAg-negative, occult form of the disease in blood donors varies depending on the region of the world and the sensitivity of the methods of analysis used. Considering that the genetic diversity of viruses demonstrates space and time variations and taking into account that the genetic profile of isolates in key groups, which may turn into a source of the pathogen spread, is important for forecasting of the epidemiological situation, the attention should be given to identification of HBV genotypes currently circulating among regular blood donors in regions of the Russian Federation. The aim of this work was molecular and genetic characterization of HBV genomes identified in HBsAg-negative blood donors in the Ural Federal District. Materials and methods. The study material was 1400 plasma samples obtained from HBsAg-negative blood donors in Ural Federal District. The study included the testing for HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG and anti-HBcore IgG antibodies, HBV DNA. For all identified HBV DNA containing samples, sequencing and analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the complete HBV genomes were performed. Results. The prevalence of HBV DNA was 4.93%, including 4 (0.28%) cases of false occult hepatitis B. Among anti-HBcore IgG-positive samples, HBV DNA was found in 18.08% of cases, while in persons with detected HBV DNA the anti-HBcore IgG positivity rate was 46.38%. In 8.69% of the isolates, anti-HBs IgG antibodies and viral DNA were detected simultaneously in the absence of anti-HBcore IgG. Based on phylogenetic analysis, HBV subgenotypes distribution in HBsAg-negative blood donors was as follows: D3 53.62%, D2 21.74%, D1 18.84%, C2 5.8%. The high variability in the S, C, P regions of the virus genome in the examined group was shown. In all cases of HBsAg-negative chronic HBV infection identified in blood donors, viral sequences contained at least one amino acid substitution in positions, mutations in which are associated with immune escape. In 3 (4.35%) cases mutations in reverse transcriptase region of P gene that are associated with resistance to the following drugs were identified: lamivudine, telbivudine, entecavir. Mutations in the preCore/Core regions that contribute to the progression of liver disease were also identified. Conclusion. Occult HBsAg-negative chronic HBV infection poses a threat of HBV transmission through transfusion of blood and its components due to the extremely low viral load, which does not allow the virus to be detected using routinely used diagnostic kits. The situation can be exacerbated by the abundance and diversity of virus amino acid substitutions that we have identified, including immune escape mutations, drug resistance mutations, and mutations that contribute to the progression of the disease

Prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among blood donors in Saint Petersburg

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among blood donors in St. Petersburg, as well as to characterize the identified virus isolates. The study material was represented by 2800 blood plasma samples collected in 2019 from blood donors living in St. Petersburg. The ELISA study for HBV marker rate consisted of HBsAg, anti-HBs IgG, anti-HBcore IgG. HBV DNA was analyzed by nested PCR with real-time hybridization-fluorescence detection on three targets allowing to determine virus DNA at low viral load, including HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatitis B serological markers were detected in 69.43% of those surveyed, HBsAg was found in 0.43% of individuals, and all of which donated blood first time. A significant excess of the anti-HBcore IgG antibodies occurrence among primary donors (15.1%) compared with repeated/regular donors (7.48%) was shown. The prevalence of virus DNA in the group was 3.14%, including 2.71% of cases in HBsAg-negative CHB. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 88 isolates, HBV subgenotypes were determined in the following order: D1 and D2, 40.91% each, D3 and A2, 9.09% each. While determining the serological subtype in detected isolates, the serotype ayw3 (52.27%) vs ayw2 (46.59%) and adw2 (10.23%) prevailed. Drug resistance mutations, including compensatory ones, were detected in six examined patients (6.82%). In all genotype D isolates, multiple amino acid substitutions were identified in the RT, SHB, MHB, LHB, and Core regions; mutations in the preCore region were detected in 21.59% samples. In the MHR of the HBV genotype D genome, twenty-six positions were identified in which amino acid substitutions occurred, and all isolates showed modifications at positions 113, 114, 131, 134, 159, 161, 168, in 76 — at position 122, in 68 — at position 127, in 36 — at position 118, in 24 — at position 128. In HBV A2 isolates, mutations T113S, S143T, Y161F were identified. Nine isolates in the preCore region showed a polymorphism including a stop codon W28*W; in five isolates the W28S substitution was shown in the same position, and the W28*S variant was found in one more sample. The high incidence of HBsAg-negative CHB cases among blood donors, as well as the predominance of HBV isolates that simultaneously carry mutations resulting in diagnostic failure of HBsAg tests and prophylactic failure of immunoglobulin or vaccines and virus reactivation, mutations that contribute to disease progression obviously pose a threat to health and require to be further examined

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Development of organizational and technological solutions for the implementation of projects of production programs of construction companies

The article describes the necessity of developing high-quality organizational and technological documentation (OTD). The purpose of the study is to identify finished in the regulatory regulation of the OTD and perfection of the qualimetric method of approach. Were considered organizational and technological solutions implemented in the programs of enterprises in order to regulate and optimize production. An analysis of the statistical study of completed capital construction projects and international experience became the basis for making proposals for changing the regulatory framework and additions to it

Development of organizational and technological solutions for the implementation of projects of production programs of construction companies

The article describes the necessity of developing high-quality organizational and technological documentation (OTD). The purpose of the study is to identify finished in the regulatory regulation of the OTD and perfection of the qualimetric method of approach. Were considered organizational and technological solutions implemented in the programs of enterprises in order to regulate and optimize production. An analysis of the statistical study of completed capital construction projects and international experience became the basis for making proposals for changing the regulatory framework and additions to it

Completion of administrative procedures by the developer (technical customer)

This article analyzes the measures to improve the business climate in the construction sector (roadmap), implemented in Russia in recent years. The indicators of Russia in the international Doing Business rating are analyzed; an improvement in Russia's position in the field of favorable conditions for doing business, despite the difficult economic situation in the country is revealed. The main indicators of the effectiveness of optimizing the completion of procedures were the introduction of an exhaustive list of procedures with a description, the elimination of redundant (duplicate) procedures, a reduction in the duration of the procedure, and the introduction of digital technologies during the completion of procedures. Despite the reforms carried out in Russia, depending on the region, there are a number of problems of a different nature when going through the procedures at the stages of pre-design and project preparation, which entail an increase in time and financial costs. Because of this, it becomes necessary to develop additional measures to optimize procedures related to getting building permission

Development the concept of using XML-schemas and requirements for them for the transfer and storage of information, documents and materials included in the information model of capital construction objects

The lack of a unified structure of the information model at different stages of the life cycle for different types of capital construction objects and the lack of requirements for the composition and content of the information model causes the problem of transferring the information model of the capital construction object from one stage to another in order to exchange and analyze data on objects throughout the entire life cycle. cycle, which will allow to simultaneously take into account technological, financial, technical parameters and the time factor, maintaining the data in an up-to-date and complete state at any time for all participants in the investment and construction process, including management companies, operating, repair, construction, subcontracting, design and research organizations, supervisory and control bodies. The goal of this article is to develop a concept for using XML schemas for transferring from one stage of the life cycle to another and storing information, documents and materials included in the information model of capital construction objects