Landasan Aksiologis Pemikiran Bung Hatta Tentang Demokrasi

Hatta has a specific concept of democracy in which there are some differences from liberal democracy. One of them is based on its axiological ground. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to analyze Hatta's thought on democracy and its axiological ground. The primary data is taken from Hatta's works,they are : Demokrasi Kita (1978), Pengertian Pancasila (1981), and Kumpulan Pidato , 3 volumes (1985).The results of this research are : Hatta's concept of democracy for Indonesia is not similar at all with the Western concept of liberal democracy. Hatta developed the Indonesian democracy as a specific concept which its principles base on the original values within Indonesian society. His concept embraces political, economical and social aspects. From the axiological perspective, Hatta's concept of democracy is based on the fundamental values, such as truth, justice, goodness, honesty, beauty, and holiness. Therefore, it can be said that the fundamental values in Hatta's concept of democracy embrace ethic, aesthetic, and religious values

The Transport Properties of Cation Exchange Membranes in Bi-Ionic Forms

Abstract Not Provided

3D Hydrodynamic Model Development and Verification

A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate hydrodynamic, temperature, and water quality distributions in rivers and lakes. In an attempt to get rid of the extra approximation and complexity, no coordinate transformation has been done and z-coordinate system has been employed. The governing equations are the continuity equation, free surface equation, momentum equations, and conservation equations of temperature and water quality. The model employs the time splitting technique which allows splitting the directions in which we end with two-dimensional governing equations and eventually the solution ends with a tri-diagonal matrix, which is easily solved by Thomas algorithm. The first step after developing a numerical model and before adding more features or applying the model to a real case, the model should be verified. The verification of the model was done by implementing the model to known solutions test cases in additional to evaluating whether the code preserves fluid mass. A series of test cases is performed by comparing the model results with the analytical solutions as proposed by many modelers. The model showed good agreement between the analytical and the numerical solution

Upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in rats' intestinal anastomotic wound healing—Does it matter?

SummaryBackgroundThe proinflammatory cytokines and growth-promoting factor are essential components of the wound healing process. We hypothesized that under healthy conditions, faster healing of intestinal anastomotic wound is due to an early upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) that is followed by a quicker upregulation of homeostatic chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and late upregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF-β).MethodsWe characterized the time course of CINC-1, MCP-1 and TGF-β release at four wounds (skin, muscle, small bowel, and colonic anastomosis) after surgery on 38 juvenile male Sprague Dawley rats. The tissue samples of each site were harvested at 0 (control), 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days postoperatively (n = 6–8/group) and analyzed by ELISA kits for CINC-1, MCP-1 and TGF-β.ResultsCINC-1 expression peaked earlier in muscle and colonic wounds when compared to skin and small bowel. MCP-1 levels were elevated early in skin and muscle wounds, but later expression of MCP-1 was shown in colonic wounds. TGF-β levels were unchanged in all wound sites.ConclusionAn earlier peak in CINC-1 levels and later expression of MCP-1 were seen in colonic wounds, but no significant increase in TGF-β levels was observed. These findings support the early healing process in intestinal anastomotic wounds

Pengaruh Profesi dan Strategi Bertahan Hidup Gelandangan Terhadap Ketahanan Pada Aspek Keamanan (Studi Kasus pada Lokasi Gelandangan di Wonokromo-Jagir Surabaya)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this researh is to know the gelandangan strategy to get a good income and to minimize the expenditure as a strategy to live on to be a gelandangan in Wonokromo-Jagir Surabaya, to know the relationship between the defense on a safety control related to gelandangan according to their strategy to live on in Wonokromo-Jagir, Surabaya. This research used the survey method, namely investigated and-monitored them directly in the field to get an accurate informations. The method to get the research sample was inciclentical sampling. The research data were collected by using interviews and closely questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The analysis was qualitative descriptive. The result of the research showed that Gelandangan have two strategies to live on. They are positive and negative. The positive strategy was showed by getting more job such as to be a laborer and cleaning service and then adding part time job. Meanwhile, the negative strategy was showed by doing a crime actions such as the thief, hold up man, and exploiter. The gelandangan\u27 s strategy to live on leading to the negative charachteristic, cause their positive strategy to live on can not increase the standard of living. The relationship between the defense on safety control related to gelandangan that showed from their strategy to live on was negative. The fact said that there are many crime actions happened in Wonokromo-Jagir, Surabaya. And the negative effects which blamed from them were distrubing the view and the beauty of city, kumuh and the dirty perception, the stability of security was damaged, and the safety of the society was damaged too. The arrange of the gelandangan were done by the government doing raid by police and lead them. Otherwise the society around them were done by siskamling, putting a fence around, and locking. However, the ways of it have not given a good result

Aplikasi Surfaktan Minyak Sawit untuk Proses Pemasakan-pengelantangan dan Pencelupan Tekstil

CPO (Crude Palm Oil) atau minyak sawit memiliki potensi yang besar untuk ditingkatkan nilai tambahnya melalui pengubahan menjadi surfaktan. Surfaktan berbasis minyak nabati bersifat mudah terurai (biodegradable) sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan. Surfaktan yang dapat disintesis dari minyak sawit diantaranya adalah MES (metil ester sulfonat) dan DEA (dietanol amida). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana surfaktan dari CPO dapat diterapkan dalam proses basah tekstil. Dalam penelitian ini, surfaktan CPO yaitu MES 1 dan DEA (sampel dari Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center/SBRC), MES 2 (sampel dari CV. Agroraya Indonesia), serta surfaktan komersil pembanding (teepol) diobservasi secara visual serta diuji nilai pH dan waktu pembasahannya. Kemudian masing-masing sampel diaplikasikan dalam proses pemasakan dan pengelantangan secara simultan (scouring-bleaching) serta pencelupan (dyeing) kain kapas, rayon, dan poliester. Kain hasil proses diuji daya serap kain, derajat putih, kekuatan tarik, kekuatan warna, beda warna (dE), serta ketahanan luntur terhadap pencucian dan gosokan. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa kekuatan tarik kain mengalami penurunan setelah proses scouring-bleaching untuk semua jenis surfaktan. Kain yang diproses dengan MES 2 memiliki nilai daya serap kain, derajat putih, dan kekuatan warna yang paling baik sedangkan nilai beda warna yang paling baik diperoleh pada kain yang diproses dengan MES 1. Hasil pengujian ketahanan luntur baik terhadap pencucian maupun gosokan kering dan basah menunjukan hasil yang relatif sama untuk semua jenis surfaktan. Bila dibandingkan dengan surfaktan pembanding komersil berbasis minyak bumi, surfaktan CPO berpotensi sebagai alternatif surfaktan pengganti

A Unique Volume Balance Approach for Verifying the Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Numerical Models in Surface Waterbody Simulation

The hydrodynamic numerical modeling is increasingly becoming a widely used tool for simulating the surface waterbodies including rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. A challenging step in any model development is the verification tests, especially at the early stage of development. In this study, a unique approach was developed by implementing the volume balance principle in order to verify the three-dimensional hydrodynamic models for surface waterbody simulation. A developed and verified three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model, called W3, was employed by setting a case study model to be verified using the volume balance technique. The model was qualified by calculating the error in the accumulated water volume within the domain every time step. Results showed that the volume balance reached a constant error over the simulation period, indicating a robust model setup

Pengaruh Perbedaan Warna Jaring Insang Dasar (Bottom Set Gill Net) Dan Lama Perendaman Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Rajungan (Portunus Pelagicus) Di Perairan Jepara, Jawa Tengah

Jaring insang dasar (bottom set gillnet) merupakan alat tangkap yang banyak digunakan nelayan di Kabupaten Jepara, khususnya nelayan di PPI Ujungbatu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring insang dasar berfosfor dan tidak berfosfor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi antara warna gill net dan lama perendaman terhadap hasil tangkapan rajungan (Portunus pelagicus); menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan warna alat tangkap gill net yang digunakan terhadap jumlah hasil tangkapan rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) dan menganalisis pengaruh lama perendaman pada alat tangkap gill net terhadap jumlah hasil tangkapan rajungan (Portunus pelagicus). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 10 Oktober sampai dengan 25 Oktober 2014 di desa Ujungbatu. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode experimental fishing. Analisis penelitian ini terdiri dari variabel homogenitas, normalitas dan one way ANOVA. Analisis data diolah dengan mengunakan SPSS 16. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan jaring insang dasar warna fosfor biru mendapatkan hasil yang lebih banyak dari jaring insang dasar berwarna putih transparan.Bottom set gillnet on of fishing gear that used widely on the Jepara Regency, in particular fishermen in PPI Ujungbatu. This research was done using posphored bottom set gill net and gill net without pohsphor. The purpose of this research is to know the interactions between the gill net colors and long soaking against a small crab attaching catches (Portunus pelagicus); analyze the influence of the difference of colored gill net used against a number of catches (Portunus pelagicus) small crab attaching and analyze the effect of long immersion in the gill net fishing gear against a number of catches (Portunus pelagicus) small crab attaching. This research was conducted on October 10 until October 25, 2014 in the village of Ujungbatu. The methods used in this research is a method of experimental fishing. The analysis of this research consists of variables of its homogeneity, normality and one way ANOVA. Analysis of the data was processed using SPSS 16. The results of this study showed that the use of the net basic color phosphor blue gills get results more from the net basic gills are white transparent

The stability of money demand in China : evidence from the ARDL model

This study examines the demand for broad money (M2) in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration framework. The results based on the bounds testing procedure confirm that a stable, long-run relationship exists between M2 and its determinants: real income, inflation, foreign interest rates and stock prices. Importantly, our results reveal that stock prices have a significant wealth effect on long- and short-run broad money demand; its omission can lead to serious misspecifications in the money demand function (MDF). This finding is consistent with the notion that asset inflation (deflation) has systematic influence on the pattern of monetary aggregates

Air Pollution Levels by Re-suspended and Airborne Dust Due to Traffic Movement at the Main High Traffic Crossroads of Hilla City, Iraq

يتضمن هذا البحث عمليه مراقبه وتقييم لمستويات تلوث الهواء الناتج عن الغبار المتصاعد والمحمول بالهواء بسبب حركه المرور في تقاطعات الطرق الأكثر ازدحاما في مدينه ألحله وهي تقاطع نادر وتقاطع ألثوره. إن الغبار المتصاعد هو واحد من أكثر مصادر تلوث الهواء المساهم في التلوث الجوي الكلي وخصوصا عندما تكون الطرق غير مبلطه أو تحت الصيانة وبحمل مروري عالي مثل مايحصل ألان في تقاطع نادر الذي هو تقاطع رئيسي غير مبلط حاليا كونه تحت عمليه صيانة لأقامه مجسر عليه. تم إيجاد تراكير الدقائق العالقة الكلية للموقعين بواسطة جهاز اخذ العينات المحمول خلال ساعة الازدحام المروري وفي جو مشمس ومعتدل ولأربعه شهور( كانون الأول 2011, شباط 2012, نيسان 2012, أيار 2012 ). قد أكدت النتائج مساهمه الطرق غير ألمبلطه في تلوث الهواء. بينت النتائج أن معدل مستويات الدقائق العالقة في تقاطع نادر أعلى من معدلاتها في تقاطع ألثوره طوال فتره الدراسة حيث كان اقل مستوى للدقائق العالقة في تقاطع نادر(5676,67 مايكرو غرام\م3 ) هو أعلى من أعلى مستوى للدقائق العالقة في تقاطع ألثوره (4096,41 مايكرو غرام\م3 ). كما بينت النتائج أن تركيز الغبار المتصاعد ألمقاسه في هذه الدراسة (426.06-9348.95) مايكرو غرام\م3 هي أعلى بكثير من الحدود المسموحه في المواصفات ألقياسيه لوكالة حماية البيئة الامريكيه.This research includes a monitoring and an evaluation of the air pollution levels generated by the re-suspended and airborne dust due to traffic movement at the main busy crossroads of Hilla City, Nader Crossroad and Al-Thowra Crossroad, Iraq. The re-suspended dust is one of the most important contributors towards overall atmospheric pollution, especially when the roads are unpaved or under maintenance with high traffic load such as Nader Crossroad, which was under maintenance to construct a bridge on it. The concentrations of the total suspended particulate matters were determined at the two locations using portable air sampler during traffic rush hour on sunny moderated weekdays for four months, December 2011, February 2012, April 2012, and May 2012. The results have confirmed the contribution of the unpaved roads in air pollution. The results showed that the average TSP levels at Nader Crossroad was higher than the average TSP levels at Al-Thowra Crossroad during the total period of the study in which the minimum TSP level at Nader Crossroad was 5676.67 μg/m3, which was higher than the maximum TSP level at Al-Thowra Crossroad, 4096.41 μg/m3. In addition, the re-suspended dust concentrations that were measured in this study and ranged from 426.06 to 9348.95 μg/m3 are much higher than the American Environmental Protection Agency acceptable limits of national ambient air quality standards for the particulate matter. &nbsp