Puhatestű közösségek térbeli mintázata és diverzitása eltérő vízterek mentén

In this study we examined the structure and diversity of malacological communities at human disturbed and undisturbed sites of oxbow lakes and medium-sized rivers in the water system of the River Danube and Tisza. Sampling was carried out at total 33 sites in 2011 and 2012. According to the malacological species composition and the water chemistry the sampling sites of the water system of the River Danube and Tisza, and certain water bodies can be distinguished. An unambiguous pattern cannot be observed according to the presence-absence of human disturbance. However the Shannon-Wiener diversity and the number of endangered and rare species was significantly higher in the undisturbed Mosoni-Danube, and the number of invasive species was higher at the antropogenically disturbed sampling sites. A total of 49 species were collected, among them 29 species are common, 6 species are endangered and protected in Hungary (Unio crassus, Pseudanodonta complanata, Anisus vorticulus, Borysthenia naticina, Esperiana daudebartii, Esperiana esperi, Theodoxus danubialis), 7 species are rare in Hungary (Pisidium amnicum, Sphaerium rivivola, Sphaerium solidum, Acroloxus lacustris, Anisus spirorbis, Bathyomphalus contortus, Physa fontinalis), and 6 species are invasive. The two endangered bivalve species cannot be found in the oxbow lakes, and the occurrence frequency and density of P. complanata was very low in the studied rivers. The invasive C. fluminea was recorded in the tributary Ipoly, Rába, Bodrog only at sampling sites located close to the mouth of river, and it was not found in the reaches of Tisza above Tokaj. The study was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Fund (KTIA-OTKA) under the contract No. CNK80140

Succession and potential role of bacterial communities during Pleurotus ostreatus production

There is an increasing interest in studying bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs), also the interactions of Pleurotus ostreatus, a model white-rot fungus and important cultivated mushroom. In Europe, P. ostreatus is produced on a wheat straw-based substrate with a characteristic bacterial community, where P. ostreatus is exposed to the microbiome during substrate colonisation. This study investigated how the bacterial community structure was affected by the introduction of P. ostreatus into the mature substrate. Based on the results obtained, the effect of the presence and absence of this microbiome on P. ostreatus production in an experimental cultivation setup was determined. 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and amplicon sequencing revealed a definite succession of the microbiome during substrate colonisation and fruiting body production: a sharp decrease in relative abundance of Thermus spp. and Actinobacteria, and the increasing dominance of Bacillales and Halomonas spp. The introduced experimental cultivation setup proved the protective role of the microbial community against competing fungi without affecting P. ostreatus growth. We could also demonstrate that this effect could be attributed to both living microbes and their secreted metabolites. These findings highlight the importance of bacterial-fungal interactions during mushroom production

Investigation of mineral water springs of Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda) region (Romania) with cultivation-dependent microbiological methods

Water samples of ten mineral water springs at Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda) region (Romania) were examined during 2005–2006 using cultivation-dependent microbiological methods. The results of standard hygienic bacteriological tests showed that the Hargita Spring had perfect and five other springs had microbiologically acceptable water quality (Zsögöd-, Nagy-borvíz-, Taploca-, Szentegyháza- and Lobogó springs). The water of Borsáros Spring was exceptionable (high germ count, presence of Enterococcus spp.).Both standard bacteriological and molecular microbiological methods indicated that the microbiological water quality of the Szeltersz-, Nádasszék- and Délő springs was not acceptable. Bad water quality resulted from inadequate spring catchment and hygiene (low yield, lack of runoff, negligent usage of the springs, horse manure around the spring).The 16S rRNA gene-based identification of strains isolated on standard meat-peptone medium resulted in the detection of typical aquatic organisms such as Shewanella baltica, Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas veronii, Psychrobacter sp,. Acinetobacter spp. and allochthonous microbes, like Nocardia, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Microbacterium , and Arthrobacter strains indicating the impact of soil. Other allochthonous microbes, such as Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus sp., Lactococcus sp., Clostridium butyricum, Yersinia spp., Aerococcus sp., may have originated from animal/human sources