Challenges and adaptive strategies in pig breeding from the aspect of heat stress and heat tolerance

Authors summarized the results of the last three decades’ relevant literature examining the temperature effects on the various growth, reproductive and carcass traits in pigs. The ideal period of temperature measurement and the different methodologies characterizing temperature effects were summarized. The aspects of genotype environment interaction for the measured traits under hot and temperate conditions were also presented. Finally the possibilities of direct genetic selection for heat tolerance and its possible selection criteria traits were also discussed.Authors summarized the results of the last three decades’ relevant literature examining the temperature effects on the various growth, reproductive and carcass traits in pigs. The ideal period of temperature measurement and the different methodologies characterizing temperature effects were summarized. The aspects of genotype environment interaction for the measured traits under hot and temperate conditions were also presented. Finally the possibilities of direct genetic selection for heat tolerance and its possible selection criteria traits were also discussed

A hallgatói sport néhány fő jellegzetessége a Szegedi Tudományegyetemen = Some of the main characteristics of student sports at the University of Szeged

Our research is aimed to explore the sports motivation and sports consumption of the students of the University of Szeged, using the results of a questionnaire-based survey. We want to find answers to the question about the changes of sports activities done by the students of the University of Szeged in the past decade. In our research it is the recreational sports that are primarily considered, and, in connection with them we want to find out details concerning the level of students, the types of sports, the venues, the services and the organizational background they prefer. Also, we are eager to investigate and quantify gender-related differences in our group of respondents. Based on our research into specialist literature our hypotheses are as follow: (H1) The proportion of athletes who exercise at least 2-3 times a week has increased since the 2011 survey. Gender differences can be observed (H2) in the frequency of playing sports, (H3) in the choice of sports, (H4) in the motivation to start playing sports, (H5) in the current motivation to play sports, (H6) in the participation in sports communities, (H7) in the motivation to compete, (H8) in the organization of sports, (H9) regarding the location of sports, and (H10) in the aspects of the choice of sports services. We have found that the proportion of students who do physical exercises has doubled. The frequency of recreational activities in the group of women surpassed the same proportion identified in the group of men. Those types of sports and fitness in which the cost implications were lower proved to be the most popular with students. Women were less open to competitive sports than men. The aims of the majority of students included stress relief and the preservation of health. Three fourths of students organized their sports activities on their own, but while men tended to do sports in groups and sports communities, women, on the other hand, when doing sports preferred staying at home. When choosing a sports provider it was affordability and accessibility of the sports venue that played the most significant role for our respondents. In summary, it can be stated that our research has proven to provide significant data for the development of university sports in Szeged and, in general, in Hungary; in addition, it was and it is important in the area of health education of university students as well

ErbB Receptor tirozinkinázok molekuláris interakciói, mint potenciális terápiás célpontok = Molecular interactions of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases as potential therapy targets

Az ErbB2 célpontú trastuzumab (TR) fő in vivo hatása feltehetőleg a antitest mediált citotoxicitás (ADDC), melyen keresztül a TR csökkenti a keringő és disszeminált daganatsejtek számát akkor is, amikor a primer daganat már TR rezisztens: fejletlen EC matrixú daganatsejtek és kisebb csoportjaik még hozzáférhetők NK sejtek számára, amikor azok nagyobb tömegű daganattal szemben már nem hatékonyak, ami a korai TR terápia fontosságára, és a primer tumor rezisztenciája mellett is elérhető metasztázis gátlásra hívja fel a figyelmet. A TR rezisztens emlőtumorok terápiára alkalmasak a HSP-gátlók is ErbB2-dimerizáló és leszabályozó, apoptótikus hatásuk alapján. Cisztein proteináz inhibitor kombinálása fotodinámiás kezeléssel in vivo szinergisztikus VEGF szint csökkenést, neovascularizáció gátlást és tumor nekrózist okoz. Új fejlesztésű mikroszkópos FRET módszerekkel és fluoreszcencia korrelációs spektroszkópiával jellemeztük az ErbB2 EGF-ErbB1 általi transzaktivációját, mely lipidtutaj-függő, dinamikus aggregáción és recirkuláción alapszik. Antikorrelációt figyeltünk meg a b1-integrin/ErB2 heteroasszociáció, és az ErbB2 homoasszociáció között emlő és gyomorkarcinómákban, mely csökkentheti a TR által keresztköthető és leszabályozható ErbB2 dimereket és ezért TR rezisztenciát okozhat. Hasonló kölcsönhatás a b1-integrin és ErbB1 között glioblasztóma sejteken fokozott Akt aktiválódáshoz, és klinikai mintákból is igazoltan a magas grádusú glia tumorok fokozott sugárrezisztenciájához vezet. | Trastuzumab (TR) targeting ErbB2 exhibits its in vivo effect mainly through antibody mediated cytotoxicity (ADDC) which effectively fights circulating and disseminated tumor cells even when the primary tumor is already trastuzumab resistant, possibly owed to better access of NK cells to single cells or small clusters without well developed extracellular matrix, which calls the attention to starting TR therapy early and to continue it to preclude metastasis upon the primary tumor reaching resistance. TR resistant tumors can also be treated ith HSP inhibitors that dimerize and downregulate ErbB2 and cause apoptosis. Cistein protease inhibitor combined with PDT in vivo synergistically decreases VEGF, neovascularization and causes tumor necrosis. Newly developed FRET methods and program as well as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy showed ErbB2 being transactivated and dynamically aggregated and recycled in a lipid raft dependent manner by EGF-bound ErbB1 serving as physiological signal input antennae. These innovative methods also revealed anticorrelation between b1-integrin/ErB2 heteroassociation and ErbB2 homoassociation in breast and gastric tumors, a competition for association partners which can decrease ErbB2 dimers downregulatable by TR and thus can cause TR resistance. A similar interaction between b1-integrin and ErbB1 in glioblastoma can lead to increased Akt signalling and radiation resistance of higher grade astrocytomas also verifiable in clinical samples

Genotoxikus hatásra bekövetkező funkcionális és strukturális DNS változások = Functional and structural changes in DNA upon genotoxic effects

Morfológiai és biokémiai vizsgálataink arra utalnak, hogy a a genotoxikus hatások kategorizálhatók az okozott kromatin változások alapján. A kemotoxikus változások potenciális diagnosztikus jelentősége miatt vizsgáltuk a nehézfémek (elsősosrban kadmium) (Banfalvi et al., 2005), a gamma sugárzás (Nagy et al., 2004), az UVB sugárzás (Ujvárosi et al., 2007) és a carcinogén (dimetilnitrózamin) hatására bekövetkező kromatin változásokat (Trencsényi et al., 2007). Kadmium kezelés jellegzetes szakadásokat és nagy lyukakat hozott létre a sejtmagban. A gamma sugárzás preapoptotikus hatására: a. a sejtek és sejtmagok mérete megnőtt, b. DNA tartalmuk a sejtciklus minden szakaszában kisebb volt a normál kezeletlen populációhoz képest, c. a sejtciklus a korai S fázisban leállt (2,4 C értéknél), d. a kromatin kondenzálás annak fibrilláris szakaszában akadt el, e. az apoptotikus testek száma és nagysága a sejtciklus haladásávalfordítva arányos: sok apró apoptotikus testtel az S fázis elején és kevés nagy apoptotikus testtel az S fázis végén. A CHO sejtekben mért vizsgálatokat humán K562 sejteken megerősítettük. UVB sugárzás hatására a kromoszómák nem voltak láthatók, a sérülés hatására vékony összefüggő kromatin fátyol vonta be mind az interfázisos, mind a metafázisos kromoszómákat. | Morphological and biochemical studies after genotoxic treatments suggest that the consequences of various chromatin injuries can be categorized based on the assessment of injury-specific chromatin changes. Due to its diagnostic significance, we have started to determine and systematize the effects of heavy metals, primarily cadmium treatment (Banfalvi et al., 2005), gamma irradiation (Nagy et al., 2004) and UV irradiation (Ujvarosi et al., 2007). After cadmium treatment and have seen the same large extensive disruptions and holes in the nuclear membrane and sticky incompletely folded chromosomes typical for cadmium treatment (Nagy et al., 2004; Banfalvi et al., 2007). Preapoptotic changes upon γ-irradiation manifested as: (a) The cellular and nuclear sizes increased. (b) The DNA content was lower in each elutriated subpopulation of cells. (c) The progression of the cell cycle was arrested in the early S phase at 2.4 C value. (d) The chromatin condensation was blocked at its fibrillary stage. (e) The number and size of apoptotic bodies were inversely correlated with the progression of the cell cycle, with many small apoptotic bodies in early S phase and less but larger apoptotic bodies in late S phase (Nagy et al., 2004). Similar observations were made in K562 cells (Banfalvi et al., 2007). UV irradiation blocked chromatin condensation at its fibrillary stage, nuclear structures were blurred and covered with fibrillary chromatin, neither interphase nor metaphase chromosomes were visible

Polarized ecological traps at a mountain creek: A good practice in experiential environmental education

It is well-documented that highly and horizontally polarized light reflected from shiny dark artificial surfaces has adverse effects on positively polarotactic aquatic insects, including all insects, the larvae of which live in water. Such man-made surfaces may act as 'polarized ecological traps' for polarotactic insects, because they are inappropriate for the development of eggs laid by the deceived and attracted aquatic insects. We performed a field experiment on 27 May 2019 at a mountain creek and its anthropogenic environment to study this phenomenon. Our studies were carried out by Hungarian university students in a senior level biology teacher class. The methods and results can also be used in high and secondary schools. Our aim was to introduce students to the visual ecology of water insects, and help them to apply their knowledge the practice of environmental education

Reduced miR-26b Expression in Megakaryocytes and Platelets Contributes to Elevated Level of Platelet Activation Status in Sepsis

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