Re-Constructing Revolution: The Mediation of the Political Meaning(s) of The Battle of Algiers in American Art-Cinema Markets

This study explores the American promotion and reception of The Battle of Algiers (1966, dir. Gillo Pontecorvo). By outlining the discourses which facilitated The Battle of Algiers’ circulation within American film-markets, this research outlines the distinct and varied ideological functions that the film has served in the United States. It focuses on three inter-related discursive issues which characterized the marketing campaigns and review journalism associated with the film. First, by de-emphasizing the roles that the Algerian state played in the film’s production, and labelling the film as a piece of Italian neorealism, American distributors and critics promoted it as a politically-neutral alternative to propaganda. In doing so, they effectively mediated the film’s anti-colonial politic, and carefully managed the imaged spectator’s identification with Algerian nationalism(s). This research then explores the film’s promotion as an (anti)colonial allegory for the Vietnam War and black-liberation movement. This discursive trend had varied results. At times it facilitated the articulation of anti-colonial critique within the American mainstream press. However, it more often worked to reify, obscure, and distort the on-the-ground realities of Third Worldist political organizing in ways which met, rather than resisted, the ideological imperatives of American imperialism. Ultimately, the film’s American circulation can be characterized as a site of persistent and ongoing struggle between two competing visions of humanism and globalism - defined by either the internationalist ethos of anti-colonialism, or the expansionist aspirations of liberal capitalism

INDONESIAN POWER OF ATTORNEY AND ITS POLISH TRANSLATION – SELECTED ISSUES AND TRANSLATION PROBLEMS

Celem tego artykułu jest analiza tekstów indonezyjskiego pełnomocnictwa szczególnego oraz tekstu jego tłumaczenia na język polski. Autorka prezentuje najciekawsze zagadnienia tłumaczenia polsko-indonezyjskiego na podstawie wybranych klauzul z w/w dokumentu takie jak: nagłówek, komparycja, oznaczenie pełnomocnika oraz inne, które następnie poddaje analizie gramatyczno-terminologicznej, odwołując się w razie potrzeby do rzeczywistości prawnej Republiki Indonezji i Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. Analiza poprzedzona jest wprowadzeniem zawierającym definicje prawne dotyczące tematu pełnomocnictw. Podsumowując każdą część analizy, autorka wyciąga wnioski o charakterze translacyjnym i proponuje inne możliwe tłumaczenia. Artykuł zawiera podsumowanie mówiące, że źródłami występujących problemów translacyjnych w przekładzie tekstów prawniczych z języka polskiego na język indonezyjski są w równym stopniu różnice typologiczne pomiędzy językami fleksyjnym (język polski) i aglutynacyjnym (język indonezyjski), różnice pomiędzy systemami prawnymi obu krajów oraz różnice kulturowe. Przekład z zakresu prawa w parze językowej indonezyjsko-polskiej jest dziedziną rozległą i wymaga dalszych badań.The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare authentic texts of Indonesian powers of attorney to sell real estate with its polish translation. The analysis starts with the definition of parallel texts and explanation of the research method. The author has chosen six most interesting clause, the ones that are potentially problematic and feature issues related to the differences in the legal systems or languages of both countries. The ending conclusion is that differences between the morphology and grammar of Polish and Indonesian as well as differences between the legal systems may be the source of translation problems. The subject of Polish-Indonesian comparative legilinguistics is vast and should be further researched into

Analiza błędów popełnionych w tłumaczeniu indonezyjskiego musicalu „Biarkan bintang menari” na język polski.

This article is to analyse the errors and mistakes (both technical and linguistic)made in the polish subtitles of an Indonesian musical “Biarkan bintang menari”. To fully analyze the errors a new, Indonesian language-specified typology was coined. It allows to explanation of the causes of every type of error found. The analysis is prefaced by a short introduction to Indonesian cinema in a whole and followed by a summary that emphasizes the conclusions. The aim of this paper is to stress the role of proof reading in the process of creating subtitles in a foreign language.This article is to analyse the errors and mistakes (both technical and linguistic)made in the polish subtitles of an Indonesian musical “Biarkan bintang menari”. To fully analyze the errors a new, Indonesian language-specified typology was coined. It allows to explanation of the causes of every type of error found. The analysis is prefaced by a short introduction to Indonesian cinema in a whole and followed by a summary that emphasizes the conclusions. The aim of this paper is to stress the role of proof reading in the process of creating subtitles in a foreign language

‘Woman As…’: Personhood, Rights and The Case of Domestic Violence

This article uses the first domestic violence case filed against the United States in the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) to discuss the politics of gender and domestic violence. We discuss how gender-neutral frameworks of the case in the U.S. ignore the interpersonal gender and power issues which often attend domestic violence cases. The case before the IACHR was arguably more successful in addressing gender by drawing from the human rights literature on women’s rights. However, given that this case is the first human rights charge against the United States by a domestic violence survivor, the specifically gendered framework and unique nature of the crime could be potentially limiting for other domestic violence cases. We conclude by offering an alternative framework for domestic violence intervention in human rights cases

‘Woman As…’: Personhood, Rights and The Case of Domestic Violence

This article uses the first domestic violence case filed against the United States in the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) to discuss the politics of gender and domestic violence. We discuss how gender-neutral frameworks of the case in the U.S. ignore the interpersonal gender and power issues which often attend domestic violence cases. The case before the IACHR was arguably more successful in addressing gender by drawing from the human rights literature on women’s rights. However, given that this case is the first human rights charge against the United States by a domestic violence survivor, the specifically gendered framework and unique nature of the crime could be potentially limiting for other domestic violence cases. We conclude by offering an alternative framework for domestic violence intervention in human rights cases

Peer Influence: Mechanisms and Motivations

Social science research on peer influence has focused on learning and reinforcement processes as potential explanations for the correlation between peer behavior and the individual’s behavior. These explanations assume that social ties can have either positive or negative effects on human behavior, depending on the nature of the groups to which the individual belongs. This view has been contested by those working in the control theory tradition in criminology, who argue that all social ties promote conformity. To shed new light on this debate, we ask a question that has not been addressed in previous research – why do youths try to influence their friends’ behavior? Our analysis of written accounts of peer influence toward both positive and negative behaviors reveals clear differences in motives for peer influence toward positive, prosocial behavior and negative, deviant behavior. Influence toward deviant behavior is much more likely to be motivated by selfish concerns, and influence toward prosocial behavior is more likely to be motivated by altruistic concerns. These findings are consistent with the view that crime and deviance is asocial behavior, and not the result of strong social ties to others

Rejuvenation of Cooperation in Education and Science between Poland and Indonesia after the Normalization of Bilateral Relations

Praca opisuje jak wyglądały kontakty dydaktyczno-naukowe polsko-indonezyjskie w ujęciu diachronicznym oraz współczesnym. Metodą badawczą zastosowaną podczas prac nad niniejszą publikacją były głównie wywiady z byłymi i obecnymi stypendystami obu rządów oraz badania bibliograficzne. Po normalizacji stosunków dwustronnych w 1992r .liczba Indonezyjczyków studiujących w Polsce wzrasta z roku na rok, czego dowodem jest również utworzenie polskiego oddziału Stowarzyszenia Studentów Indonezyjskich (Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia Polandia). Polacy to z kolei obecnie jedna z najliczniejszych grup uczestniczących w indonezyjskim programie stypendialnym Darmasiswa. Niestety brak jest wiarygodnych danych liczbowych na temat współpracy naukowej polsko-indonezyjskiej przed rokiem 1992 dlatego zagadnienie wymaga dalszych badań z uwzględnieniem szerszego spektrum źródeł indonezyjskich.Since the normalization of bilateral relations between Poland and Indonesia in 1992 we have been observing a steady growth, particularly in the educational and scientific cooperation between thw two countries. The accession of Poland to the European Union have made this country a more attractive destination for foreign students. The number of Indonesians studying in Poland increases year over year. This fact is strengthened through the establishment of Indonesian Students Association in Poland (PPI Polandia). Polish citizens are among largest groups of Darmasiswa recipients - a scholarship program provided by the Indonesian government. In this paper the authors trace the records of cooperation in the field of education and science during the eras before and after the normalization of bilateral relations of both countries as well as the situation observed in recent years. This issue needs further exploration regarding the possibility of more data available in Indonesian sources of records

Avaliacao do perfil epidemiológico e da proteína p53 em 12 glioblastomas pediátricos /

Orientador: Luiz Fernando Bleggi TorresDissertaçăo (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Cięncias da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduaçăo em Clínica Cirúrgica. Defesa: Curitiba, 2005Inclui bibliografia e anexo

Investigação das atividades anti-inflamatória e antiproliferativa de porfirina catiônica

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Michel Fleith OtukiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Defesa: Curitiba, 19/06/2015Inclui referências : f. 136-151Área de concentração: Insumos, medicamentos e correlatosResumo: A psoríase é uma doença inflamatória crônica da pele, com características tanto imunológicas quanto hiperproliferativas. Os tratamentos tradicionais para essa doença apresentam algumas desvantagens, dentre elas falta de adesão e toxicidade. A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) tem sido usada, cada vez mais, no tratamento de algumas doenças, inclusive cutâneas. Consiste na utilização de luz, oxigênio e um agente fotossensibilizador onde ocorre uma reação fotoquímica com o objetivo de causar destruição seletiva de um tecido. Nesse trabalho a porfirina Iodeto de 5,10 -difenil - 15, 20 (N-metilpiridino-4-il) porfirina (Di-cis-Py+) foi utilizada como fotossensibilizador e seus possíveis efeitos anti-inflamatório e antiproliferativo foram avaliados em modelos de inflamação cutânea. A aplicação tópica de Di-cis-Py+, quando fotoativada, reduziu significativamente o edema de orelha induzido pela aplicação de agentes flogísticos como óleo de cróton e TPA, bem como a migração leucocitária para o foco inflamatório. A atividade anti-inflamatória da Di-cis-Py+ também foi evidenciada pela redução das citocinas inflamatórias IL-6, IL1-? e TNF-? induzidas por ambos agentes flogísticos. Além do efeito anti-inflamatório, no modelo induzido por múltiplas aplicações de óleo de cróton, a Di-cis-Py+, quando fotoativada, levou à redução da hiperproliferação epidérmica, evidenciada através da inibição dos níveis e da expressão do marcador de proliferação PCNA. Também foi capaz de reduzir a viabilidade celular de queratinócitos humanos imortalizados (HaCaT). Seu efeito anti-inflamatório, porém, não ocorre através de receptores de glicocorticoide, uma vez que não houve a reversão do efeito da Di-cis-Py+, quando fotoativada, após o tratamento com o antagonista de receptores de glicocorticoide, mifepristona. Além disso, provavelmente, não ocorre sua absorção, ao contrário da dexametasona. Os resultados apresentados sugerem que a Di-cis-Py+, quando fotoativada , pode ser uma molécula com potencial para o desenvolvimento de um novo agente fotossensibilizador para o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias proliferativas cutâneas, apresentando vantagens por ser de aplicação tópica, não ocorrendo uma aparente fotossensibilidade, com efeitos similares aos da dexametasona, uma droga de primeira linha para o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias hiperproliferativa. Palavras-chave: Terapia Fotodinâmica, Porfirina, Inflamação, Hiperproliferação, Psoríase.Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, with immunological and hyperproliferative characteristics. Traditional treatments for this disease present some disadvantages, as lack of adherence and toxicity. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is getting more and more applied in the treatment of certain diseases, including skin ones. It consists in the use of light, oxygen and a photosensitizer agent in which a photochemical reaction occurs in order to cause a selective destruction of a tissue. In this work the porphyrin iodide 5, 10-diphenyl - 15 20 (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin (Di-cis-Py +) was applied as a photosensitizer; and their possible anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects were assessed in skin inflammation models. The topical application of Di-cis-Py+, when photoactivated, reduced significantly the ear edema induced by the application of phlogistic agents such as croton oil and TPA, as well the leukocyte migration into the inflammatory focus. The anti-inflammatory activity Di-cis-Py+, when photoactivated, was also noticed by the reduction of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL1-? and TNF-? induced by both phlogistic agents. Besides the anti-inflammatory effect, in the model induced by multiple croton oil application, Di-cis-Py +, when photoactivated, led to a reduction of epidermal hyperproliferation, noticed by the inhibition of the levels and expression of the proliferation PCNA marker. It was also able to reduce the cell viability of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT). Its anti-inflammatory effect, however, does not occur through glucocorticoid receptors, once there was no reversion of the Di-cis-Py+, when photoactivated, effect after the treatment with the antagonist of glucocorticoid receptors, mifepristone. Moreover, probably no absorption occurs, different from dexamethasone. The presented results suggest that Di-cis-Py +, when photoactivated, can be a molecule with potential for developing a new photosensitizing agent to treat proliferative inflammatory skin diseases, offering advantages for being topically applied, without an apparent photosensitivity, with similar dexamethasone effects, a high level drug for treating inflammatory hyperproliferative disease. Keywords: Photodynamic Therapy, Porphyrin, Inflammation, Hyperproliferation, Psoriasis

Searching for the Holy Grail among ear drops

Introduction and aim of the study: Ear wax plays many roles in maintaining ear health, such as cleansing, shielding, and lubricating the external auditory canal. Sometimes, when earwax obstruction occurs, for example as a result of improper hygiene procedures (such as using cotton swabs), it can cause a number of disorders ranging from discomfort to even loss of hearing. In such cases, various methods can be used to remove the cerumen impaction. One of these and also the most commonly used, involves the usage of ear drops, which can contain different active substances (water-based compounds, oil-based compounds, a combination of oil and water-based compounds, and non-water, non-oil solutions). The aim of our study is to present current state of knowledge about effectiveness of various types of ear drops in wax cleaning. Material and methods: Our review is based on the analysis of materials collected in Pubmed”, „Google Scholar” and other scientific articles using keywords: „earwax”, cerumen impaction”, „cerumenolytics”, „ear drops”, „cerumen”, „earwax solvents”, „wax solvents”. Conclusions: Despite numerous studies, the Holy Grail has not been found among ear drops. The majority conducted studies did not show that any of the cerumenolitics were superior to the others in a statistically significant way. The only result that was statistically significant was the one showing a higher effectiveness of 2.5% sodium bicarbonate compared to docusate sodium. Further research is needed