Erratum to: 23 November 1980 Irpinia–Basilicata earthquake (Southern Italy): towards a full knowledge of the seismic effects

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Trayectos académicos y perfiles de estudiantes universitarios: análisis de dos cohortes

El trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto colectivo “La diversidad de condicionantes en la trayectoria académica de los estudiantes universitarios. El caso de la Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales”. Esta presentación tiene como objetivo comparar alumnos de dos cohortes de ingreso estableciendo relaciones entre los rasgos que definen sus perfiles como estudiantes y sus trayectorias académicas. Los perfiles de los estudiantes se vinculan a un conjunto de rasgos que incluyen características sociodemográficas –personales y de contextos familiares-, experiencias previas de aprendizaje, habilidades y capacidades y recursos disponibles. Las trayectorias se analizan a través de un conjunto de indicadores tales como número de materias rendidas, número de materias aprobadas, promedio de notas. Se trabaja con dos tipos de fuentes de información. Por un lado, con los datos obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de un censo anual a los ingresantes a las carreras de licenciatura de la Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales de la U.N.R, durante el período comprendido entre 2002 y 2009. Por otro lado, se utiliza la información generada por el sistema Guaraní dentro del Sistema de Información Universitaria. Se decide trabajar con las cohortes de ingreso 2007 y 2009, para observar un grupo de estudiantes que se encontraría en los tramos finales de la carrera y otro que estaría promediando la misma, teniendo en cuenta que la duración formal de las cuatro carreras (según los planes de estudios vigentes) es de cinco años.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Graduados: en busca de sus trayectorias : Aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos para una investigación sobre jóvenes egresados de la Facultad de Ciencia Política y RRII de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario

Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación en curso: “Trayectoria laboral y desempeño profesional de graduados universitarios recientes. El caso de los egresados de la Facultad de Ciencia Política y RRII de la UNR”. El mismo pretende analizar a los graduados recientes de las carreras de licenciatura en Ciencia Política, Comunicación Social, Relaciones Internacionales y Trabajo Social. En este sentido, son considerados como graduados recientes a aquellos que obtuvieron su título entre 1999-2008. Los conceptos centrales trabajados se relacionan con trayectoria laboral, desempeño profesional y competencias. Entendemos que resulta necesario diferenciar la trayectoria laboral y el desempeño profesional como dos procesos que pueden resultar concomitantes o divergentes. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar el diseño de la investigación, focalizándonos especialmente en aspectos del orden conceptual y su articulación con aspectos metodológicos, con énfasis en la construcción y la aplicación del cuestionario, a fin de explicitar las elecciones realizadas y las opciones seleccionadas para atender y resolver diversos obstáculos que debimos enfrentar en esta instancia. Haremos foco en la definición de indicadores y categorías, en la formulación de las preguntas y en la organización general del cuestionario.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Estimating leaf moisture content at global scale from passive microwave satellite observations of vegetation optical depth

The moisture content of vegetation canopies controls various ecosystem processes such as plant productivity, transpiration, mortality, and flammability. Leaf moisture content (here defined as the ratio of leaf water mass to leaf dry biomass, or live-fuel moisture content, LFMC) is a vegetation property that is frequently used to estimate flammability and the danger of fire occurrence and spread, and is widely measured at field sites around the globe. LFMC can be retrieved from satellite observations in the visible and infrared domain of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is however hampered by frequent cloud cover or low sun elevation angles. As an alternative, vegetation water content can be estimated from satellite observations in the microwave domain. For example, studies at local and regional scales have demonstrated the link between LFMC and vegetation optical depth (VOD) from passive microwave satellite observations. VOD describes the attenuation of microwaves in the vegetation layer. However, neither were the relations between VOD and LFMC investigated at large or global scales nor has VOD been used to estimate LFMC. Here we aim to estimate LFMC from VOD at large scales, i.e. at coarse spatial resolution, globally, and at daily time steps over past decadal timescales. Therefore, our objectives are: (1) to investigate the relation between VOD from different frequencies and LFMC derived from optical sensors and a global database of LFMC site measurements; (2) to test different model structures to estimate LFMC from VOD; and (3) to apply the best-performing model to estimate LFMC at global scales. Our results show that VOD is medium to highly correlated with LFMC in areas with medium to high coverage of short vegetation (grasslands, croplands, shrublands). Forested areas show on average weak correlations, but the variability in correlations is high. A logistic regression model that uses VOD and additionally leaf area index as predictor to account for canopy biomass reaches the highest performance in estimating LFMC. Applying this model to global VOD and LAI observations allows estimating LFMC globally over decadal time series at daily temporal sampling. The derived estimates of LFMC can be used to assess large-scale patterns and temporal changes in vegetation water status, drought conditions, and fire dynamics.</p

Polymorphisms in stress response genes in Lactobacillus plantarum: implications for classification and heat stress response

The polymorphism of 5 stress response genes (hrcA, ctsR, clpP, ftsH, dnaK) in 32 Lactobacillus plantarum strains was evaluated by multilocus restriction typing (MLRT) and by sequence analysis of ctsR, hrcA and clpP genes. Both these approaches allowed the discrimination of the subspecies L. plantarum ssp. plantarum and L. plantarum ssp. argentoratensis. HrcA sequence analysis also allowed discrimination at the species and subspecies level of several species of lactic acid bacteria, thus confirming that it can be used as a valuable taxonomic marker. No significant relationship was found between stress response gene polymorphism and resistance to heat treatments. The effect of temperature on growth kinetics and the protein expression were investigated for selected strains carrying different mutations in hrcA. L. plantarum ssp. argentoratensis NCIMB12120 and L. plantarum ssp. plantarum DPC2159, both of which had mutations in domains of HrcA which are important for the repressor functionality, had a reduced growth rate at all temperatures tested (25, 30, 37, 40, and 42 °C) compared to L. plantarum WCFS1. In L. plantarum DPC2159, protein expression upon temperature shifts from 25 to 40 °C or growth at 40 °C was altered compared to L. plantarum WCFS1, but further study is needed to unequivocally confirm the relationship with mutations in hrcA

Reliability of resilience estimation based on multi-instrument time series

This is the final version. Available from Copernicus Publications via the DOI in this record. Code and data availability: Data used in this study are publicly available from Moesinger et al. (2020) (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2575599, Moesinger et al., 2019), https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6086929 (Pinzon and Tucker, 2014), https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD12Q1.061 (Friedl and Sulla-Menashe, 2015), and https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD13C1.006 (Didan, 2015). Code to reproduce the synthetic data used in this study can be found on Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7009414 (Smith and Boers, 2022)Many widely used observational data sets are comprised of several overlapping instrument records. While data inter-calibration techniques often yield continuous and reliable data for trend analysis, less attention is generally paid to maintaining higher-order statistics such as variance and autocorrelation. A growing body of work uses these metrics to quantify the stability or resilience of a system under study and potentially to anticipate an approaching critical transition in the system. Exploring the degree to which changes in resilience indicators such as the variance or autocorrelation can be attributed to non-stationary characteristics of the measurement process - rather than actual changes in the dynamical properties of the system - is important in this context. In this work we use both synthetic and empirical data to explore how changes in the noise structure of a data set are propagated into the commonly used resilience metrics lag-one autocorrelation and variance. We focus on examples from remotely sensed vegetation indicators such as vegetation optical depth and the normalized difference vegetation index from different satellite sources. We find that time series resulting from mixing signals from sensors with varied uncertainties and covering overlapping time spans can lead to biases in inferred resilience changes. These biases are typically more pronounced when resilience metrics are aggregated (for example, by land-cover type or region), whereas estimates for individual time series remain reliable at reasonable sensor signal-to-noise ratios. Our work provides guidelines for the treatment and aggregation of multi-instrument data in studies of critical transitions and resilience.Horizon 2020Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungBrandenburger Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur (NEXUS

Role of Nitric Oxide in Shiga Toxin-2-Induced Premature Delivery of Dead Fetuses in Rats

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections could be one of the causes of fetal morbimortality in pregnant women. The main virulence factors of STEC are Shiga toxin type 1 and/or 2 (Stx1, Stx2). We previously reported that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of rats in the late stage of pregnancy with culture supernatant from recombinant E. coli expressing Stx2 and containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces premature delivery of dead fetuses. It has been reported that LPS may combine with Stx2 to facilitate vascular injury, which may in turn lead to an overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether NO is involved in the effects of Stx2 on pregnancy. Pregnant rats were i.p. injected with culture supernatant from recombinant E. coli containing Stx2 and LPS (sStx2) on day 15 of gestation. In addition, some rats were injected with aminoguanidine (AG), an inducible isoform inhibitor of NO synthase (iNOS), 24 h before and 4 h after sStx2 injection. NO production was measured by NOS activity and iNOS expression by Western blot analysis. A significant increase in NO production and a high iNOS expression was observed in placental tissues from rats injected with sStx2 containing 0.7 ng and 2 ng Stx2/g body weight and killed 12 h after injection. AG caused a significant reduction of sStx2 effects on the feto-maternal unit, but did not prevent premature delivery. Placental tissues from rats treated with AG and sStx2 presented normal histology that was indistinguishable from the controls. Our results reveal that Stx2-induced placental damage and fetus mortality is mediated by an increase in NO production and that AG is able to completely reverse the Stx2 damages in placental tissues, but not to prevent premature delivery, thus suggesting other mechanisms not yet determined could be involved

Neon seeding effects on two high-performance baseline plasmas on the Joint European Torus

We present the JETTO-QuaLiKiz-SANCO fully predictive modelling of two JET-ILW high-performance baseline plasmas, a Ne seeded shot and an equivalent unseeded one. The motivation of the work lies in the experimental observation of a slightly higher confinement and performance of the Ne seeded shot with respect to the unseeded one, despite sharing the same main plasma parameters and heating powers. Moreover, the neon seeded shot shows a lower pedestal electron density and a higher core ion temperature with respect to the unseeded one. Integrated modelling is performed in order to understand if the cause of the improved confinement has to be ascribed to the improved pedestal parameters with neon seeding or if an impurity-induced turbulence stabilization is at play. The QuaLiKiz transport model is used for predicting the electron density, electron and ion temperatures and rotation in the core up to the pedestal top, while the pedestal is empirically modelled to reproduce the experimental kinetic profiles. The thermal diffusivities of the two shots, computed by QuaLiKiz, are compared, as well as the turbulence spectra, suggesting that the reduced transport found in the neon seeded shot is due in part to the stabilization of ion temperature gradient and electron temperature gradient modes. Further modelling is performed in order to disentangle the neon seeding effects, which are a direct effect on the turbulence stabilization and an indirect effect on the pedestal parameters. The results suggest that the improved performance with neon is due to a combination of turbulence stabilization and improved pedestal parameters