71 research outputs found
Dinamika investiranja u sredstva mehanizacije na gazdinstvu
At the farms it has to be paid particular attention to the mechanization utilization degree. Namely, annual costs calculated on the basis of depreciation and accompanying maintenance costs, then insurance, interests and investment maintenance are of fixed character and they do not depend on mechanization utilization. Higher utilization of available farm mechanization facilities decreases the unit fixed costs calculated on the basis of production volume, which causes decrease of the unit product costs as well as an increase of the farm economic efficiency. In accordance with that, in the case of investments into farm mechanization it is necessary first of all to be examined economic justification of such investment. Such analysis could give an answer: Is it economically more favorable for the farm to provide its own mechanization or to fulfill such needs by utilization of external mechanization services? Besides, if it is necessary to be provided own mechanization, it is important to be determined phasing of investments due to the faster paying back of invested capital. In this paper on an economic model it is shown a methodological procedure for finding out answers onto the asked questions.Na poljoprivrednim gazdinstvima posebnu pažnju treba pokloniti stepenu iskoriÅ”Äavanja sredstava mehanizacije. Naime, godiÅ”nji troÅ”kovi obraÄunati preko amortizacije i prateÄih troÅ”kova održavanja, zatim, osiguranje, kamate i investiciono održavanje su fiksnog karaktera i ne zavise od obima upotrebe mehanizacije. VeÄe koriÅ”Äenje raspoloživih sredstava mehanizacije na gazdinstvu smanjuje fiksne troÅ”kove po jedinici ostvarenog obima proizvodnje Å”to utiÄe na smanjenje cene koÅ”tanja proizvoda i poveÄanje ekonomske efikasnosti gazdinstva. Prema tome, pri investiranju u sredstva mehanizacije na gazdinstvu, prethodno je potrebno da se ispita ekonomska opravdanost takve investicije. Pri tome se može dobiti odgovor na pitanje: Da li je za poljoprivredno gazdinstvo ekonomski povoljnije da nabavi sopstvena sredstva mehanizacije ili da takve potrebe podmiruje koristeÄi usluge sa strane? TakoÄe, ukoliko je neophodno da nabavi sopstvena sredstva, u cilju brzog povraÄaja uloženog kapitala, važno je da se utvrdi dinamika investiranja. U ovom radu je na ekonomskom modelu prikazan metodoloÅ”ki postupak za iznalaženje odgovora na navedena pitanja
Organizaciono uÄenje i znanje kao generator ruralnog razvoja
The study stresses the importance of initiating education in agricultural enterprises considering knowledge as the prerequisite of rural development. Only those enterprises having permanent education of personnel as part of their everyday activities may be considered competitive. Knowledge and education are prerequisites for the creation of new values. In our country the future development of agriculture and rural development in general may only be expected under the conditions of permanent education and knowledge acquisition.U radu je ukazano na znaÄaj organizacionog uÄenja i znanja kao osnovnih pokretaÄa razvoja.Organizacije koje ukljuÄe uÄenje kao permanentan proces mogu biti konkurentne.Nove vrednosti stvaraju se na osnovu znanja i obrazovnih sistema.I u ruralnim podruÄjima naÅ”eg druÅ”tva uÄenje, znanje i obrazovanje su pretpostavke ne samo razvoja poljoprivrede veÄ i drugih delatnosti i ukupnog ruralnog razvoja
Uticaj razliÄitih oblika kalcijum-hidroksida i hlorheksidina kao interseansnih medikamenata na ishod endodontskog leÄenja zuba sa hroniÄnim periapeksnim lezijama
Introduction/Objective The aim of this study was to determine clinical and radiographic periapical healing of teeth with apical periodontitis treated with different formulations of calcium hydroxide (CH) - paste (CH-paste) and gutta-percha points (CH-GP) - as well as those of chlorhexidine (CHX) - gel (CHXgel) and gutta-percha points (CHX-GP) -12 months after therapy. Methods Eighty patients with chronic apical periodontitis were randomly allocated to four treatment groups according to the intracanal medicament used: CH-paste, CH-GP, CHX-gel, and CHX-GP group. Seventy-eight patients were analyzed clinically and radiographically 12 months postoperatively. The periapical index (PAI) was used for the radiographic evaluation of treatment. Results Overall outcome was classified according to radiographic evaluation only, since clinical success was observed in all the patients. In all the groups, significant reduction in PAI scores was observed (p lt 0.001). The proportions of healed teeth (PAI ā¤ 2) were 73.7%, 60%, 68.4%, and 65% in CH-paste, CH-GP, CHX-gel and CHX-GP group, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion The results suggest that there are no differences between investigated CH- and CHX-delivery systems regarding treatment outcome of teeth with apical periodontitis.Uvod/Cilj Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita kliniÄki i radiografski ishod leÄenja zuba sa apeksnim periodontitisom 12 meseci posle zavrÅ”ene terapije i primene razliÄitih oblika kalcijum-hidroksida (KH): pasta (KH-pasta) i gutaperka poeni (KH-GP) i hlorheksidina (HH): gel (HH-gel) i gutaperka poeni (HH-GP). Metode Randomizovano je 80 ispitanika sa hroniÄnim periapeksnim lezijama u Äetiri grupe na osnovu vrste koriÅ”Äenog interseansnog medikamenta: KH-pasta, KH-GP, HH-gel i HH-GP. Dvanaest meseci posle zavrÅ”enog leÄenja pregledano je 78 ispitanika i uraÄeni su retroalveolarni snimci. Za procenu radiografskog uspeha leÄenja koriÅ”Äen je periapikalni indeks (PI). Rezultati Ishod leÄenja je klasifikovan na osnovu radioloÅ”kog nalaza jer je kod svih ispitanika zabeležen kliniÄki uspeh leÄenja. U svim ispitivanim grupama je zabeleženo znaÄajno smanjenje vrednosti PI (p lt 0,001). IzleÄenje (PI ā¤ 2) uoÄeno je kod 73,3% zuba u grupi KH-pasta, 60% u KH-GP grupi, 68,4% u grupi HH-gel i kod 65% zuba u grupi HH-GP, pri Äemu razlike izmeÄu grupa nisu bile statistiÄki znaÄajne. ZakljuÄak Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da ne postoji razlika u ishodu leÄenja zuba sa apeksnim periodontitisom posle primene ispitivanih oblika KH i HH
Ocena konkurentske sposobnosti engleskog ljulja u smeÅ”ama sa crvenom detelinom i lucerkom Äubrenim razliÄitim koliÄinama azota
Grass-legume mixtures represent complex communities of grasses and legumes that make better use of resources and have a number of positive traits in comparison to monoculture. The aim of our research was to examine competitive ability of perennial ryegrass in mixtures with lucerne and red clover (50/50, 70/30) in condition of fertilization with three different nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100 kg ha-1). Dry matter yield of perennial ryegrass in mixtures with red clover was higher compared to mixtures with lucerne. Nitrogen had a very significant impact on perennial ryegrass production. Added N significantly increase DM production of grass treatment with 100 kgN ha-1. The values, of relative yield above 1 (RY >1), aggressivity index and competitive balance index, above 0 (Ag > Cbg > 0) indicated higher competitive ability of perennial ryegrass in relation to legumes. Competitive ability of ryegrass was higher in 70/30 mixtures and mixtures with lucerne. N fertilization increases competitive ability of ryegrass and decreases competitive ability of legumes.Travno-leguminozne smeÅ”e predstavljaju složene zajednice trava i leguminoza koje bolje koriste prirodne resurse i imaju niz pozitivnih osobina u odnosu na monokulturu. Cilj naÅ”eg istraživanja je bio da se ispita konkurentna sposobnost engleskog ljulja u smeÅ”ama sa lucerkom i crvenom detelinom (50/50, 70/30) u uslovima Äubrenja sa tri razliÄita nivoa azota (0, 50, 100 kg ha-1). Prinos suve materije engleskog ljulja u smeÅ”i sa crvenom detelinom bio je veÄi u poreÄenju sa smeÅ”om sa lucerkom. Azot je imao znaÄajan uticaj na prinos engleskog ljulja. Dodati azot je znaÄajno poveÄao prinos engleskog ljulja, naroÄito doze od 100 kgN ha-1. Vrednosti relativnog prinosa iznad 1 (RI> 1), indeksa agresivnosti i indeksa konkurentske ravnoteže iznad 0 (Ag> Cbg> 0) ukazuju na veÄu konkurentsku sposobnost engleskog ljulja u odnosu na mahunarke. Šonkurentna sposobnost engleskog ljulja bila je veÄa kod 70/30 smeÅ”a i smeÅ”a sa lucerkom. N djubrenje poveÄava konkurentsku sposobnost ljulja i smanjuje konkurentsku sposobnost leguminoza
Association of gene variants in TLR4 and IL-6 genes with Perthes disease
Uvod Pertesova bolest je idiopatska avaskularna osteonekroza proksimalne epifize femura koja se javlja kod dece. Etiologija ove bolesti je nepoznata. Tokom razvoja Pertesove bolesti zastupljen je proces zapaljenja, za koji je pokazano da utiÄe na remodelovanje koÅ”tanog tkiva. Cilj rada S obzirom na to da genetiÄki faktori koji utiÄu na proces zapaljenja dosad nisu ispitivani kod Pertesove bolesti, cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi povezanost uÄestalosti varijanti u genima koji uÄestvuju u inflamatornom odgovoru, TLR4 (engl. toll-like receptor 4) i IL-6 (interleukin 6), i ove bolesti. Metode rada Ispitano je 37 dece s Pertesovom boleÅ”Äu i 50 zdravih osoba. Metodom PCR-RFLP odreÄeni su polimorfizmi medijatora zapaljenja TLR4 (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile) i IL-6 (G-174C, G-597A). Rezultati Pokazano je da su polimorfizmi IL-6 G-174C i G-597A u naÅ”em ispitivanju bili u potpunoj gametskoj neravnoteži vezanosti. U kontrolnoj grupi je bilo statistiÄki znaÄajno viÅ”e nosilaca heterozigotnog genotipa IL-6 G-174C/G-597A u poreÄenju sa grupom ispitanika s Pertesovom boleÅ”Äu (p=0,047; OR=2,49; 95% CI=1,00-6,21). TakoÄe, grupa bolesnika nije bila u Hardi- Vajnbergovoj ravnoteži za polimorfizme IL-6 G-174C/G-597A. Nije primeÄena statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika u raspodeli genotipova za polimorfizme analizirane u TLR4 genu. Raspodela genotipova meÄu grupama bolesnika formiranih na osnovu uzrasta kada se bolest pojavila nije pokazala statistiÄki znaÄajnu povezanost s analiziranim polimorfizmima. ZakljuÄak NaÅ”e istraživanje je pokazalo da su nosioci heterozigotnog genotipa za IL-6 G-174C/G-597A polimorfizme bili znaÄajno ÄeÅ”Äi u kontrolnoj grupi nego u grupi dece obolele od Pertesove bolesti. Na osnovu toga zakljuÄili smo da je kod dece koja su nosioci heterozigotnog genotipa za ove polimorfizme manja verovatnoÄa za razvoj Pertesove bolesti nego kod nosilaca oba homozigotna genotipa.Introduction Perthes disease is idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the hip in children, with unknown etiology. Inflammation is present during development of Perthes disease and it is known that this process influences bone remodeling. Objective Since genetic studies related to inflammation have not been performed in Perthes disease so far, the aim of this study was to analyze the association of frequencies of genetic variants of immune response genes, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), with this disease. Methods The study cohort consisted of 37 patients with Perthes disease and 50 healthy controls. Polymorphisms of well described inflammatory mediators: TLR4 (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile) and IL-6 (G-174C, G- 597A) were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results IL-6 G-174C and G-597A polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium. A statistically significant increase of heterozygote subjects for IL-6 G-174C/G-597A was found in controls in comparison to Perthes patient group (p=0.047, OR=2.49, 95% CI=1.00-6.21). Also, the patient group for IL-6 G-174C/G- 597A polymorphisms was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No statistically significant differences were found between patient and control groups for TLR4 analyzed polymorphisms. A stratified analysis by the age at disease onset also did not reveal any significant difference for all analyzed polymorphisms. Conclusion Our study revealed that heterozygote subjects for the IL-6 G-174C/G-597A polymorphisms were significantly overrepresented in the control group than in the Perthes patient group. Consequently, we concluded that children who are heterozygous for these polymorphisms have a lower chance of developing Perthes disease than carriers of both homozygote genotypes
Environmental Exposure to Metals, Parameters of Oxidative Stress in Blood and Prostate Cancer: Results from Two Cohorts
We studied the potential role of exposure to various metal(oid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb) in prostate cancer. Two cohorts were established: the Croatian cohort, consisting of 62 cases and 30 controls, and the Serbian cohort, consisting of 41 cases and 61 controls. Blood/serum samples were collected. Levels of investigated metal(oid)s, various parameters of oxidative stress, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were determined in collected samples. A comparison of the measured parameters between 103 prostate cancer patients and 91 control men from both Croatian and Serbian cohorts showed significantly higher blood Hg, SOD, and GPx levels and significantly lower serum SH levels in prostate cancer patients than in controls. Correlation analyses revealed the significant relationship between certain parameters of oxidative stress and the concentrations of the measured metal(loid)s, pointing to the possible role of metal(oid)-induced oxidative stress imbalance. Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship was found between the blood Pb and the serum PSA in prostate cancer patients, but when the model was adjusted for the impacts of remaining parameters, no significant association between the serum PSA and the measured parameters was found. The results of the overall study indicate a substantial contribution of the measured metal(loid)s to the imbalance of the oxidant/antioxidant system. Although somewhat conflicting, the results of the present study point to the possible role of investigated metal(oid)s in prostate cancer, especially for Hg, since the obtained relationship was observed for both cohorts, followed by the disturbances in oxidative stress status, which were found to be correlated with Hg levels. Nevertheless, further studies in larger cohorts are warranted to explain and confirm the obtained results
Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of different immortelle essential-oil chemotypes
Helichrysum italicum or immortelle (Asteraceae) essential oil has been widely used in alternative medicine for wound healing and other skin conditions such as hematoma and scars. It is possible that the therapeutic efficacy of this oil changes with the natural variability of the composition, i.e. existence of chemotypes, and due to various environmental factors (soil type, altitude, sun exposure, etc.) [1]. Herein we aimed to assess the relationship of the composition and the overall antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potentials for 4 commercial immortelle oils containing differing amounts of neryl esters (23 : 43 : 12 : 21; oils 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), Ī±-pinene (17 : 2 : 20 : 5), Ī³- and ar-curcumenes (19 : 14 : 16 : 15), and Ī²-diketones (3 : 12 : 5 : 7). Oils 3 and 4 displayed higher antimicrobial activity compared to oils 1 and 2, showing a prominent anti-Staphylococcus aureus effect (MIC = 0.62 and 0.31 mg/mL, respectively). The tested strains were least susceptible (MIC ā„ 5 mg/mL) to the action of oil 1, rich in mono- and sesquiterpenic hydrocarbons. However, this oil, along with oil 3, showed the highest cytotoxicity toward macrophages (LC50 ~ 0.14 mg/mL). Among the oil chromatographic fractions, those enriched in Ī±-pinene and curcumenes displayed the highest cytotoxicity, but were inferior to the toxicity of the oils. The statistical (PCA) treatment of the obtained composition-activity data implied that the observed differences in activities among the tested oils were not only due to the different amounts of the major constituents, but also due to the presence of minor constituents (e.g. 2-methylbutyl angelate in the case of the anti-staphylococcal activity of the oils). Interestingly, based on literature data, the constituents that displayed strong negative correlations in the PCA matrix possess a lower antimicrobial potential than the tested oils. We found that immortelle oil efficiency as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents strongly depends on its composition and is an outcome of synergistic action between its constituents
Veza cirkuliÅ”uÄeg nivoa sklerostina sa markerima metabolizma kostiju kod pacijenata sa poremeÄajem rada Å”titaste žlezde
Background: The aim of this study was to compare serum sclerostin concentrations in patients with thyroid dysfunction with euthyroid control subjects and to assess the relationship between sclerostin and markers of bone metabolism (osteocalcin and beta-cross-laps). Methods: The study included 30 patients with thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism) and ten euthyroid controls. Free thyroxine (FT4) was measured by radioimmunoassay, while thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration was determined immunoradiometrically. We used an ELISA kit to determine the sclerostin level. The electrochemiluminescence method was applied for measuring the bone markers. Results: Sclerostin levels were significantly lower in hypothyroid patients (p=0.009) and significantly elevated in hyperthyroid patients (p=0.008) compared to control values. Hyperthyroid patients also had higher sclerostin than patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (p=0.013). Sclerostin concentrations were negatively correlated with TSH levels (r=-0.746, p lt 0.001), but positively with FT4 (r=0.696, p lt 0.001). Moreover, sclerostin was positively associated with osteocalcin (r=0.605, p=0.005) and beta-cross-laps levels (r=0.573, p=0.008) in all thyroid patients. Conclusions: Serum sclerostin is significantly affected in subjects with thyroid dysfunction. Both sclerostin and thyroid status affect bone homeostasis, which is reflected through the significant correlations with osteocalcin and beta-cross-laps.Uvod: Cilj ove studije bio je da uporedimo serumske koncentracije sklerostina kod pacijenata sa disfunkcijom Å”titaste žlezde u odnosu na eutiroidne kontrolne ispitanike, i da procenimo odnos izmeÄu sklerostina i markera koÅ”tanog metabolizma (osteokalcina i beta-cross-lapsa) u istoj populaciji. Metode: Studijom je obuhvaÄeno 30 pacijenata sa disfunkcijom Å”titaste žlezde (hipotireozom, hipertireozom i supkliniÄkom hipertireozom) i 10 eutiroidnih kontrola. Slobodni tiroksin (FT4) meren je radioimunoloÅ”kom metodom, dok je koncentracija tireostimuliÅ”uÄeg hormona (TSH) odreÄivana imunoradiometrijski. Za merenje nivoa sklerostina koristili smo ELISA-test. Metoda elektrohemiluminiscencije primenjena je za merenje koncentracije koÅ”tanih markera. Rezultati: Nivo sklerostina bio je znaÄajno niži kod bolesnika sa hipotireozom (p = 0,009) odnosno znaÄajno viÅ”i kod bolesnika sa hipertireozom (p = 0,008) u poreÄenju sa vrednostima kod eutiroidnih kontrolnih ispitanika. Pacijenti sa hipertireozom su takoÄe imali statistiÄki znaÄajno viÅ”i nivo sklerostina u odnosu na bolesnike sa supkliniÄkom hipertireozom (p = 0,013). Pokazana je negativna korelacija koncentracije sklerostina i TSH (r = -0,746, p lt 0,001), odnosno pozitivna korelacija sa FT4 (r = 0,696, p lt 0,001) kod pacijenata sa tireoidnom disfunkcijom. Å taviÅ”e, sklerostin pozitivno korelira sa koncentracijom osteokalcina (r = 0,605, p = 0,005) i beta-cross-lapsa (r = 0,573, p = 0,008) kod ovih pacijenata. ZakljuÄak: Serumski nivoi sklerostina izmenjeni su kod osoba sa disfunkcijom Å”titaste žlezde. Sklerostin zajedno sa tireoidnim statusom utiÄe na koÅ”tani metabolizam, Å”to se ogleda u njegovoj znaÄajnoj korelaciji sa osteokalcinom i beta-cross-lapsom
Fertility of sows of different genotypes on individual farms in regions suitable for intensive pig production
Na teritoriji maÄvanskog i braniÄevskog regiona praÄene su reproduktivne osobine 1902 legla
kod Å”est genotipova svinja: dve Äiste rase, Å vedski Landras (Å L), Veliki JorkÅ”ir (VJ), kao i Äetiri
meleza nastala ukrÅ”tanejm Å LxVJ, VJxÅ L, NemaÄkog Landrasa (NL) xVJ i VJx NL. PraÄeni su
sledeÄi parametri: broj živoroÄene prasadi u leglu, broj mrtvoroÄene prasadi u leglu, broj odgajene prasadi po leglu, dužina trajanja laktacije (dani) i masa legla na zaluÄenju (kg). Sve krmaÄe
su se nalazile na srednjim i velikim gazdinstvima (od 20 do 120 krmaÄa). NajveÄi broj živoroÄene
prasadi su imale krmaÄe genotipa VJ (12,39), kao i najveÄi broj odgajene prasadi po leglu (11,32),
dok je najveÄi broj mrtvoroÄene prasadi utvrÄen kod krmaÄa genotipa Å LxVJ i NLxVJ (0,50).
Dužina laktacije je bila najveÄa kod genotipa VJ x Å L (34 dana), dok su najveÄi masu legla imale
krmaÄe genotipa VJ (93,42kg). PosmatrajuÄi region kao faktor, utvrÄeno je, da su svi ispitivani
parametri statistiÄki znaÄajno (P<0.01) varirali, izuzev mase legla na zaluÄenju. BraniÄevski region je imao bolje rezultate za parametre: broj živoroÄene prasadi, broj mrtvoroÄene prasadi, dok
je maÄvanski region imao veÄi broj odgajene prasadi, kraÄe trajanje laktacije sa veÄom masom
legla na zaluÄenju. Testiranjem znaÄajnosti utvrÄeno je da je genotip statistiÄki znaÄajno (P<0.01)
uticao na sve ispitivane parametre osim na broj živoroÄene prasadi.On the territory of the MaÄva and BraniÄevo region, reproductive properties for 1902 litters were monitored in 6 pig genotypes: Swedish Landrace (SL), Large White (LW) and crosses - SL x LW, LW x SL, German Landrace (GL) x LW and LW x GL. The following parameters were observed: number of live-born piglets in the litter, number of stillborn piglets in the litter, number of piglets reared per litter, duration of lactation (days), and litter mass at weaning (kg). All sows were reared on medium size and large farms (from 20 to 120 sows). The highest number of live-born piglets was determined for LW genotype (12.39), as well as the highest number of piglets reared per litter (11.32), while the highest number of stillborn piglets was found in sows SL x LW and GL x LW (0.50). The lactation duration was the highest in genotype LW x SL (34 days), while the greatest mass of the litter was determined in sows of the LW genotype - 93.42kg. Observing the region as a factor, it was found that all investigated parameters vary statistically significant (P<0.01), except for the mass of the litter at weaning. The BraniÄevo region had better results for the following parameters: the number of live-born piglets, the number of stillborn piglets, while the MaÄva region showed a higher number of reared piglets, a shorter lactation duration with a higher mass of litter at weaning. By testing of the significance, it has been established that the breed highly statistically significantly (P<0.01) affects all the parameters tested except for the number of live-born piglets
Anticandidal activity of Inula helenium root essential oil: synergistic potential, anti-virulence efficacy, and mechanism of action
Inula helenium L. (elecampane) is a widely occurring perennial plant species in Europe and East Asia, belonging to the Compositae family. Roots of I. helenium have been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases and it is officially listed in pharmacopeias as a diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant and anthelmintic [1]. The present study investigated the anticandidal potential of I. helenium essential oil, isolated from roots and chemically characterized by GC and GC/MS. Antifungal efficacy was studied using the microdilution method and the determined minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were further used to study a potential synergistic interaction of the oil and an antifungal. Together with this, the mode of action (sorbitol and cholesterol assays) and anti-virulence effects (antibiofilm, germ-tube reducing and phospholipase-inhibitory activities) were also investigated.Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā The results showed that the isolated essential oil contained alantolactone and isoalantolactone as the dominant constituents (65.8 and 25.5%, respectively). The obtained MICs varied among the strains, but the oil generally exhibited a high anticandidal potential (0.009-0.312 mg/mL). The oil displayed a high synergistic effect in combination with the antifungal agent nystatin. Experiments on the mode of action demonstrated that the oil affected the cell membrane function, due to the enhancement of the oil's activity (lowering of active concentrations) in the presence of sorbitol and cholesterol. Considering the virulence factors, the oil exhibited an antibiofilm activity, as well as a very high germ-tube reducing potential (93.3-100% at MIC). Additionally, a complete inhibition of the enzyme phospholipase in the presence of I. helenium root essential oil was demonstrated.Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Based on the presented results, the essential oil of I. helenium can be considered as a good candidate for a natural agent that can be further explored in the sense of candidiasis treatment
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