ANALISIS SAMPEL SERUM DARAH DAN JARINGAN PARU-PARU DARI MODEL TIKUS Accute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) YANG DIINDUKSI LIPOPOLISAKARIDA DAN EKSTRAK TEH HIJAU (Camellia sinensis L.)

Pasien dari penyakit accute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) telah diketahui mengalami inflamasi yang menyebabkan protein sitokin dihasilkan sebagai respon sel imun dalam tubuh, sitokin inflamasi seperti IL-18 dan IL-1β. Teh hijau mengandung banyak komponen kimia berupa protein, asam amino, karbohidrat, lipid, sterol, vitamin, xanthin, mineral dan trace element. Polifenol yang terkandung dalam teh hijau bermacam-macam terutama flavonoid. Flavonoid merupakan turunan fenol yang memiliki fungsi beragam, salah satunya sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar sitokin IL-18 dan IL-1β dalam serum darah dan jaringan paru-paru dari tikus model ARDS yang diinduksi lipopolisakarida dan ekstrak teh hijau. Tikus jantan Sparague Dawley diinduksi 5µg/g BB lipopolisakarida sebagai hewan model ARDS setelah perlakuan ekstrak teh hijau (ETH) selama 28 hari dengan variasi dosis 50;400;800 mg/kg BB dilanjutkan dengan pemberian ETH selama 14 hari, kemudian tikus dimatikan untuk mengukur kadar sitokin IL-18 dan IL-1β dari serum darah dan jaringan paru-paru menggunakan uji ELISA lalu kemudian dilanjutkan analisis statistik untuk melihat pengaruh ETH terhadap kadar sitokin IL-18 dan IL-1β. Konsentrasi sitokin IL-18 paling rendah ditunjukan sebesar 90,62±2,76 pg/ml dari sampel serum darah pada tikus yang diberi perlakuan ETH sebesar 400 mg/Kg BB. Konsentrasi sitokin IL-1β sebesar 165,25±2,48 pg/ml dari sampel serum darah pada tikus yang diberi perlakuan ekstrak teh hijau sebesar 800 mg/Kg BB. Sedangkan konsentrasi IL-18 pada jaringan paru-paru paling rendah sebesar 2,93±0,44 pg/mg dari tikus yang diberikan dengan dosis perlakuan sebesar 400 mg/Kg BB dan pada kadar sitokin IL-1β dari jaringan paru-paru sebesar 3,37±0,29 pg/mg dari tikus yang diberikan perlakuan sebesar 800 mg/Kg BB. Dosis ETH yang paling optimum dalam menurunkan kadar IL-18 adalah dosis 400 mg/Kg BB sedangkan dosis optimum dalam menurunkan kadar pada IL-1β adalah 800 mg/Kg BB dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Patients from accute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been known to experience inflammation that causes cytokine proteins to be produced as a response to immune cells in the body, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β. Green tea contains many chemical components in the form of proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, sterols, vitamins, xanthin, minerals and trace elements. The polyphenols contained in green tea are assorted mainly flavonoids. Flavonoids are phenol derivatives that have various functions, one of which is as an anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to determine the levels of cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β in blood serum and lung tissue from lipopolysaccharide-induced ARDS model mice and green tea extract. Male rat sparague Dawley induced 5μg/g BW lipopolysaccharide as an ARDS model animal after green tea extract (GTE) treatment for 28 days with dose variations of 50;400;800 mg/kg BW. The extract was continued for 14 days, then the rat were turned off to measure cytokine levels of IL-18 and IL-1β from blood serum and lung tissue using elisa tests and then continued statistical analysis. The lowest concentration of IL-18 cytokines was shown at 90.62±2.76 pg/ml from blood serum samples in mice treated with GTE of 400 mg/Kg BW. The concentration of cytokine IL1β was 165.25±2.48 pg/ml from blood serum samples in rats treated with green tea extract of 800 mg/Kg BW. Meanwhile, the concentration of IL-18 in lung tissue was the lowest at 2.93±0.44 pg / mg from rats given with a treatment dose of 400 mg / Kg BW and at cytokine levels of IL-1β from lung tissue of 3.37±0.29 pg / mg from mice given treatment of 800 mg / Kg BW. The most optimal dose of ETH at IL-18 was a dose of 400 mg/Kg BB and at IL-1β was 800 mg/Kg BB compared to the control group

Antioxidant activity of panJe tea combination of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) and jahe (Zingiber officinale)

Herbal tea are popular because of their potential herbal medicine, a blend of herbal ingredients, promised to provide a specific purpose. The main purpose is to determine antioxidant activity in herbal teas (pandan mixed ginger) and in their infusions, as well as to obtain more complex information about the tea products. In this study, DPPH radical scavenging, H2O2 scavenging, ABTS reduction, and FRAP reduction assay were carried out. These assays are proved that the IC50 values of ginger are higher than PanJe and pandan. For DPPH scavenging, H2O2 scavenging, FRAP scavenging, ABTS reduction activities, PanJe resulted IC50 14.69 μg/mL, 27.70 μg/mL, 7.09 μg/mL, and 411.28 µg/mL, while ginger yielded IC50 7.76 μg/mL, 13.23 μg/mL, 4.94 μg/mL ,and  125.95 respectively. Otherwise, the highest total phenolic and flavonoid of panje were shown at 1.60 ± 0.26 µg QE / 100% extract and 8.67 ± 0.80 µg QE/100% extract respectively. Based on these results, PanJe, pandan and ginger are concluded as an active natural product because it exhibited antioxidant activities from two mixed compounds

Antioxidant activity of panJe tea combination of pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) and jahe (Zingiber officinale)

Herbal tea is popular because of its potential as medicine, a combination of herbal ingredients promises to produce new colors, flavors, and tastes. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activities of an herbal tea combinations (pandan and jahe) called PanJe and compared it to the antioxidant single herbal tea namely Pandan tea (0.5 g dried pandan) and Ginger tea (2 g dried ginger). The PanJe tea was a combination of 0.5 g pandan tea and 2 g ginger tea. Pandan tea, ginger tea and PanJe tea are soaked for 5 minutes in 200 mL of boiling water. The antioxidant activities were assayed namely 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenger, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. The flavonoid content used Quercetin Equivalent (QE), while the total phenol content used Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE). DPPH, H2O2, ABTS scavenging activities and FRAP assay of PanJe tea was presented in median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value respectively 14.69, 27.70, 4.11 and 7.09%, while pandan tea resulted in IC50 value of 23.63, 27.19, 4.54 and 12.86%, and ginger tea resulted in IC50 value of 7.76, 13.23, 1.26 and 4.94%, respectively. These assays proved ginger tea had the highest antioxidant activities compared to PanJe tea and pandan tea which had the lowest antioxidant activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid of PanJe respectively were 0.035 µg GAE/mg and 0.006 µg QE/mg of PanJe tea meanwhile pandan tea respectively contain 0.002 µg GAE/mg, 0.0003 µg QE/mg of pandan tea and ginger tea contained 0.118 µg GAE/mg and 0.036 QE/mg of ginger tea. Compared to PanJe tea and pandan tea, ginger tea has the highest total phenol and flavonoid content. Conclusion ginger tea is higher antioxidant activities also a higher phenol and flavonoid content than PanJe tea