More (\ell_r) saturated (\mathcal{L}_\infty) spaces

We present some new examples of separable (\mathcal_\infty) spaces which are (\ell_r) saturated for some (1 < r < \infty)

Iron deficiency intravenous substitution in a Swiss academic primary care division: analysis of practices.

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is a common problem in primary care and is usually treated with oral iron substitution. With the recent simplification of intravenous (IV) iron administration (ferric carboxymaltose) and its approval in many countries for iron deficiency, physicians may be inclined to overutilize it as a first-line substitution. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate iron deficiency management and substitution practices in an academic primary care division 5 years after ferric carboxymaltose was approved for treatment of iron deficiency in Switzerland. METHODS: All patients treated for iron deficiency during March and April 2012 at the Geneva University Division of Primary Care were identified. Their medical files were analyzed for information, including initial ferritin value, reasons for the investigation of iron levels, suspected etiology, type of treatment initiated, and clinical and biological follow-up. Findings were assessed using an algorithm for iron deficiency management based on a literature review. RESULTS: Out of 1,671 patients, 93 were treated for iron deficiency. Median patients' age was 40 years and 92.5% (n=86) were female. The average ferritin value was 17.2 μg/L (standard deviation 13.3 μg/L). The reasons for the investigation of iron levels were documented in 82% and the suspected etiology for iron deficiency was reported in 67%. Seventy percent of the patients received oral treatment, 14% IV treatment, and 16% both. The reasons for IV treatment as first- and second-line treatment were reported in 57% and 95%, respectively. Clinical and biological follow-up was planned in less than two-thirds of the cases. CONCLUSION: There was no clear overutilization of IV iron substitution. However, several steps of the iron deficiency management were not optimally documented, suggesting shortcuts in clinical reasoning

Σύνθεση αλκυλιωμένων παραγώγων του 3-αμινοφθαλυδραζιδίου ως ενώσεων με πιθανές βιολογικές εφαρμογές

Στη παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία μελετήθηκαν οι συνθήκες αλκυλίωσης αμινοφθαλυδραζιδίων. Διερευνήθηκε ο ρόλος παραγόντων όπως η χρήση βάσης, το αλκυλιωτικό μέσο, ο διαλύτης και η θερμοκρασία στην έκβαση της αντίδρασης. Οι βέλτιστες συνθήκες που βρέθηκαν, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την παραγωγοποίηση των αμινοφθαλυδραζιδίων με αλυσίδες (ποικίλου μήκους) που φέρουν στο άκρο τους φωσφονιακά κατιόντα (τριφαινυλο, τρικυκλοέξυλο και τριτόλυλο). Τα ενδιάμεσα και τελικά προϊόντα ταυτοποιήθηκαν με φασματοσκοπία πυρηνικού μαγνητικού συντονισμού (1H, 13C και 31P NMR) και φασματομετρία μάζας (ESI-MS). Τα παράγωγα αυτά αναμένεται να είναι χημειοφωταυγείς ενώσεις και η ιδιότητά τους αυτή, σε συνδυασμό με τα δομικά χαρακτηριστικά τους, αναμένεται να τους επιτρέπει να είναι χρήσιμα σε βιολογικές εφαρμογές.The alkylation conditions of aminophthalhydrazides are investigated. The impact of the use of base, alkylating agent, solvent and temperature on the reaction outcome are being evaluated. The optimal alkylation conditions found are used in the derivatization of aminophthalhydrazides with chains (of various lengths) bearing phosphonium cations (triphenyl, tricyclohexyl and tritolyl). All intermediate and final products are being characterized using NMR (1H, 13C and 31P NMR) and MS spectroscopies. These derivatives are expected to be chemiluminescent compounds. This property, in combination with their structural characteristics, is expected to provoke their utilization in biological applications

Épica, crónicas y genealogías. En torno a la historicidad de la Leyenda de los infantes de Lara

[ES] Este trabajo analiza la historicidad de la narración épica conocida como Leyenda de los Infantes de Lara. Frente a la visión tradicional, que atribuía a este relato una gran fidelidad a los hechos históricos, se sugiere una imagen más compleja, que mezcla elementos nuevos y más antiguos: 1) Un posible núcleo histórico consistente en la historia de Ruy Velázquez; 2) Una parte más compacta formada por la trama de la venganza de sangre, que enlaza la traición con la venganza de Mudarra. Frente a la idea tradicional de que la venganza es una completa ficción elaborada mucho tiempo después, se sugiere que traición y venganza constituyen una unidad lógica, aunque no se relacione con hechos históricos concretos. Es muy probable que el núcleo central de la leyenda, tal y como nos ha llegado, sea más bien un conjunto amplio de temas y motivos entretejidos con hechos históricos más o menos desfigurados. Finalmente, todas estas piezas cobran sentido en su contexto geográfico: la leyenda parece estar reflejando un conflicto entre Lara y Salas, leído desde el punto de vista de Salas, con una clara hostilidad hacia Lara.Peer reviewe

Abstracts: Plenary Speakers

HI extensions of L ∞ spaces and spaces with very few operators Tuesday, July 30, HA4, We will present a general method of embedding Banach spaces with separable dual into L ∞ spaces admitting very few operators. In particular we will discuss the following two results. Theorem 1. (i) For every X with X * separable there exists a L ∞ space X such that X is isomorphic to a subspace X of X and X/ X is Hereditarily indecomposable satisfying the &quot;scalar plus compact&quot; property. (ii) If ℓ 1 is not isomorphic to a complemented subspace of X * then the aforementioned X satisfies the &quot;scalar plus compact&quot; property. The above yields that every separable reflexive space embeds into a L ∞ space satisfying the &quot;scalar plus compact&quot; property. ( HA4, It is well known that two non-isometric (and even non-isomorphic) Banach spaces can have isometric duals: the class of isometric preduals of l 1 provides classical examples. However, it frequently happens that a dual space has a unique isometric predual, as it is for instance the case for von Neumann algebras. We will provide simple topological tools which permit to show that weak-star closed spaces A of operators on a reflexive space X have unique isometric preduals as soon as weak-star approximation by compact operators is available in A. Some observations on approximation properties will also be mentioned. Pamela Gorkin (Bucknell University, USA) [email protected] Compositions of Blaschke products and three theorems of Frostman Thursday, August 1, HA4, 9:00-9:50 A recent Monthly article gave a very simple algorithm for determining when a polynomial is a composition of two (nontrivial) polynomials. A natural next step is to determine when finite Blaschke products are compositions of two Blaschke products, neither of which are automorphism of the disk. Well discuss several algorithms for determining when a finite Blaschke product can be a composition and then well discuss the current state of affairs for inner functions focusing, in particular, on three theorems of O. 2. M is in the closure of the set of injective factors on H with respect to the Effros-Marchal topology. 3. M admits an embedding i into the Ocneanu ultrapower N ω of the injective III 1 factor N with a normal faithful conditional expectation from N ω to M . 4. For every ε &gt; 0, natural number n, and x 1 ,...,x n in natural cone P ♮ M in the standard form for M , there is a natural number k and a 1 , . . . , a n in . . , n, where tr k is the tracial state on M k (C). Magdalena Musat (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) [email protected] Factorizable completely positive maps and the Connes embedding problem Wednesday, July 31, HA4, The class of factorizable completely positive maps (originating in work of C. Anantharaman-Delaroche) has gained particular significance in quantum information theory in connection with the settling (in the negative) of the asymptotic quantum Birkhoff conjecture. More precisely, in joint work with Uffe Haagerup we proved earlier that every non-factorizable unital completely positive and trace-preserving map on M n (C), n ≥ 3, provides a counterexample for the conjecture. We will explain a recently established connection to the Connes embedding problem in terms of a newly formulated asymptotic property of factorizable maps. 3 Vern Paulsen (Houston University, USA) [email protected] Frames. Groups and the July 31, HA4, In this talk we will survey some of the new results on the Kadison-Singer problem and emphasize a few of the special cases that we believe are approachable. Volker Runde (University of Alberta, Canada) [email protected] Dual Banach algebras -an overview Sunday, August 4, HA4, A dual Banach algebra is a Banach algebra that is also a dual Banach space such that multiplication is separately weak* continuous. Von Neumann algebras are dual Banach algebras, but so are the measure algebras of locally compact groups. We discuss amenability properties for dual Banach algebras as well as their surprisingly intricate representation theory. Mikael Rørdam (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) [email protected] Supramenable groups and their actions on locally compact Hausdorff spaces Tuesday, July 30, HA4, It is well-known that a discrete group is amenable if and only if whenever it acts on a compact Hausdorff space, then there is an invariant probability measure. Similarly, a group is supramenable if and only if whenever it acts co-compactly on a locally compact Hausdorff space, then there is a nonzero invariant Radon measure. In this case the group admits a free minimal purely infinite (and often times also amenable) action on the locally compact (non-compact) Cantor set. We also discuss geometric characterizations of supramenable groups. The results are obtained by studying how groups act on their betacompactification. We shall discuss this action and its universal properties. This is joint work with J. Kellerhals and N. Monod, and in parts a work in progress with H. Matsui

IgG4 autoantibodies against muscle-specific kinase undergo Fab-arm exchange in myasthenia gravis patients

Autoimmunity mediated by IgG4 subclass autoantibodies is an expanding field of research. Due to their structural characteristics a key feature of IgG4 antibodies is the ability to exchange Fab-arms with other, unrelated, IgG4 molecules, making the IgG4 molecule potentially monovalent for the specific antigen. However, whether those disease-associated antigen-specific IgG4 are mono- or divalent for their antigens is unknown. Myasthenia gravis (MG) with antibodies to muscle specific kinase (MuSK-MG) is a well-recognized disease in which the predominant pathogenic IgG4 antibody binds to extracellular epitopes on MuSK at the neuromuscular junction; this inhibits a pathway that clusters the acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) receptors and leads to failure of neuromuscular transmission. In vitro Fab-arm exchange-inducing conditions were applied to MuSK antibodies in sera, purified IgG4 and IgG1-3 sub-fractions. Solid-phase cross-linking assays were established to determine the extent of pre-existing and inducible Fab-arm exchange. Functional effects of the resulting populations of IgG4 antibodies were determined by measuring inhibition of agrin-induced AChR clustering in C2C12 cells. To confirm the results, κ/κ, λ/λ and hybrid κ/λ IgG4s were isolated and tested for MuSK antibodies. At least fifty percent of patients had IgG4, but not IgG1-3, MuSK antibodies that could undergo Fab-arm exchange in vitro under reducing conditions. Also MuSK antibodies were found in vivo that were divalent (monospecific for MuSK). Fab-arm exchange with normal human IgG4 did not prevent the inhibitory effect of serum derived MuSK antibodies on AChR clustering in C2C12 mouse myotubes. The results suggest that a considerable proportion of MuSK IgG4 could already be Fab-arm exchanged in vivo. This was confirmed by isolating endogenous IgG4 MuSK antibodies containing both κ and λ light chains, i.e. hybrid IgG4 molecules. These new findings demonstrate that Fab-arm exchanged antibodies are pathogenic. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: IgG4 autoantibodies against muscle-specific kinase undergo Fab-arm exchange in myasthenia gravis patients journaltitle: Journal of Autoimmunity articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2016.11.005 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ispartof: Journal of Autoimmunity vol:77 pages:104-115 ispartof: location:England status: publishe