O uso de infográficos de genética como recurso didático no ensino médio

Infographics are examples of multimodal texts, commonly used in journalism in news, reports or even technological-scientific dissemination. By using a combination of textual and representational languages, infographic is an interesting didactic resource to be used also in the teaching-learning of high school students. When we analyze the contents of genetics we observe in the students a certain difficulty in understanding the concepts due to their complexity, being for that reason, the biology area chosen as the theme of the infographics. This work aims to create and share at least ten infographics that contemplate different genetic areas, for educators and high school students and / or pre-students from the school community of the city of Londrina and region. Taking advantage of the facilities promoted on the digital evolution, channels of dissemination will be created through social networks and other platforms that will allow the dissemination of the same infographics to other communities more distant geographically, maximizing the sharing of all the information generated. By integrating the information and image modalities in a proportional way, we hope with this work to effectively contribute with both the teachers in the transmission of genetic concepts and their peculiarities in a more illustrative way, as with the students in the assimilation of more dense contents of a more interesting way. We also believe that this article will be able to colabor with future research in the area of ​​inphographics and its benefits in the teaching-learning process.Infográficos são gêneros de textos multimodais, comumente apresentados no jornalismo em notícias, reportagens ou até em divulgação tecnológica-científica. Por se valer de uma combinação entre linguagens verbal e não verbal, o infográfico é um recurso didático interessante para ser utilizado também no ensino-aprendizagem de jovens do ensino médio. Quando analisamos os conteúdos de genética, observamos nos alunos uma certa dificuldade na compreensão dos conceitos devido a sua complexidade, sendo por esse motivo, o ramo da biologia escolhido como tema para a confecção dos infográficos. Este trabalho visa, portanto, criar e disponibilizar ao menos dez infográficos que contemplem diferentes áreas da genética para educadores e educandos do ensino médio e/ou pré-vestibulandos da comunidade escolar da cidade de Londrina e região. Aproveitando das facilidades decorrentes da evolução digital, serão criados canais de divulgação por meio de redes sociais e outras plataformas que permitirão a divulgação dos infográficos a outras comunidades mais distantes geograficamente, maximizando o compartilhamento de toda informação gerada. Por integrar de forma proporcional as modalidades de informação e imagem, esperamos com esse trabalho contribuir de maneira efetiva tanto com os professores, na transmissão de conceitos genéticos e de suas peculiaridades de forma mais ilustrativa, quanto com os educandos, na assimilação de conteúdos mais densos, de uma forma mais interessante. Acreditamos também que este artigo é capaz de contribuir com futuras pesquisas na área da infografia e com seus benefícios no processo de ensino-aprendizagem

The use of genetic structure as a guide for seed gathering for forest restoration

Forest fragmentation provokes reduction of germoplasm sources for restoration. Seedling production depends on samples of isolated fragments and the usual strategy to solve this problem is the mixture of seeds from different populations. There is no information about the number of fragments needed to ensure a minimum amount of genetic variability in seeds, as well as about the collecting procedure that should be followed. Genetic monitoring could be an alternative method to provide a good quality in the gathering of seeds. We present a case study using samples of Croton floribundus and Peltophorum dubium from forest fragments from northern Paraná, Brazil. Molecular markers (RAPD) were used to analyze the genetic structure of different sampling points in order to establish strategies for collecting seeds of these two species, which are commonly used for the restoration of Atlantic Forest. Results suggest that, at least for these two species, seeds can be obtained from a few fragments, in one or two regions, as a strategy for optimizing the collection of seeds used in restoration, as well as part of genetic diversity lost during forest fragmentation.(O uso da estrutura genética como um guia para coleta de sementes para restauração florestal). A fragmentação florestal provoca a redução das fontes de germoplasma para a restauração. A produção de mudas depende de amostras de fragmentos isolados e a estratégia comum para resolver este problema é a mistura de sementes de diferentes populações. Não há informações sobre o número de fragmentos que assegurem uma quantidade mínima de variabilidade genética nas sementes, bem como sobre os procedimentos de coleta que devem ser seguidos. O monitoramento genético pode ser uma alternativa para guiar a coleta de sementes. Nós apresentamos aqui um caso de estudo com amostras de Croton floribundus e Peltophorum dubium encontrados em fragmentos florestais do Norte do Paraná, Brazil. Marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD foram utilizados para analisar a estrutura genética de diferentes pontos de coleta a fim de estabelecer estratégias para a coleta de sementes dessas duas espécies comumente usadas em reflorestamentos da Floresta Atlântica. Os resultados sugerem que, pelo menos para estas duas espécies, sementes podem ser obtidas de poucos fragmentos, em uma ou duas regiões, como a estratégia para melhorar a coleção de sementes usadas na restauração, bem como parte da diversidade genética perdida durante o processo de fragmentação florestal

Image_2_AIM2 as a putative target in acute kidney graft rejection.jpeg

Acute rejection (AR) is a process triggered via the recognition of grafted organ-derived antigens by the immune system, which could present as a life-threatening condition. In the context of a kidney transplant, despite improvement with immunosuppressive therapies, AR maintains a significant incidence of 10%, and currently available drugs generally act in similar and canonical pathways of lymphocyte activation. This prompted the research for different approaches to identify potential novel targets that could improve therapeutic interventions. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis comparing groups of acute rejection (including T cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection) to stable grafts that included differentially expressed genes, transcription factor and kinase enrichment, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. These analyses revealed inflammasome enhancement in rejected grafts and AIM2 as a potential component linked to acute rejection, presenting a positive correlation to T-cell activation and a negative correlation to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Also, the AIM2 expression showed a global accuracy in discerning acute rejection grafts (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.755 and 0.894, p < 0.0001), and meta-analysis comprising different studies indicated a considerable enhancement of AIM2 in rejection (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.45, [CI 95%, 1.18 to 1.71]), especially for T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (SMD = 2.01, [CI 95%, 1.58 to 2.45]). These findings could guide future studies of AIM2 as either an adjuvant target for immunosuppression or a potential biomarker for acute rejection and graft survival.</p

Table_3_AIM2 as a putative target in acute kidney graft rejection.xlsx

Acute rejection (AR) is a process triggered via the recognition of grafted organ-derived antigens by the immune system, which could present as a life-threatening condition. In the context of a kidney transplant, despite improvement with immunosuppressive therapies, AR maintains a significant incidence of 10%, and currently available drugs generally act in similar and canonical pathways of lymphocyte activation. This prompted the research for different approaches to identify potential novel targets that could improve therapeutic interventions. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis comparing groups of acute rejection (including T cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection) to stable grafts that included differentially expressed genes, transcription factor and kinase enrichment, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. These analyses revealed inflammasome enhancement in rejected grafts and AIM2 as a potential component linked to acute rejection, presenting a positive correlation to T-cell activation and a negative correlation to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Also, the AIM2 expression showed a global accuracy in discerning acute rejection grafts (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.755 and 0.894, p < 0.0001), and meta-analysis comprising different studies indicated a considerable enhancement of AIM2 in rejection (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.45, [CI 95%, 1.18 to 1.71]), especially for T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (SMD = 2.01, [CI 95%, 1.58 to 2.45]). These findings could guide future studies of AIM2 as either an adjuvant target for immunosuppression or a potential biomarker for acute rejection and graft survival.</p

Table_2_AIM2 as a putative target in acute kidney graft rejection.xlsx

Acute rejection (AR) is a process triggered via the recognition of grafted organ-derived antigens by the immune system, which could present as a life-threatening condition. In the context of a kidney transplant, despite improvement with immunosuppressive therapies, AR maintains a significant incidence of 10%, and currently available drugs generally act in similar and canonical pathways of lymphocyte activation. This prompted the research for different approaches to identify potential novel targets that could improve therapeutic interventions. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis comparing groups of acute rejection (including T cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection) to stable grafts that included differentially expressed genes, transcription factor and kinase enrichment, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. These analyses revealed inflammasome enhancement in rejected grafts and AIM2 as a potential component linked to acute rejection, presenting a positive correlation to T-cell activation and a negative correlation to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Also, the AIM2 expression showed a global accuracy in discerning acute rejection grafts (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.755 and 0.894, p < 0.0001), and meta-analysis comprising different studies indicated a considerable enhancement of AIM2 in rejection (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.45, [CI 95%, 1.18 to 1.71]), especially for T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (SMD = 2.01, [CI 95%, 1.58 to 2.45]). These findings could guide future studies of AIM2 as either an adjuvant target for immunosuppression or a potential biomarker for acute rejection and graft survival.</p

Table_1_AIM2 as a putative target in acute kidney graft rejection.xlsx

Acute rejection (AR) is a process triggered via the recognition of grafted organ-derived antigens by the immune system, which could present as a life-threatening condition. In the context of a kidney transplant, despite improvement with immunosuppressive therapies, AR maintains a significant incidence of 10%, and currently available drugs generally act in similar and canonical pathways of lymphocyte activation. This prompted the research for different approaches to identify potential novel targets that could improve therapeutic interventions. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis comparing groups of acute rejection (including T cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection) to stable grafts that included differentially expressed genes, transcription factor and kinase enrichment, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. These analyses revealed inflammasome enhancement in rejected grafts and AIM2 as a potential component linked to acute rejection, presenting a positive correlation to T-cell activation and a negative correlation to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Also, the AIM2 expression showed a global accuracy in discerning acute rejection grafts (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.755 and 0.894, p < 0.0001), and meta-analysis comprising different studies indicated a considerable enhancement of AIM2 in rejection (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.45, [CI 95%, 1.18 to 1.71]), especially for T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (SMD = 2.01, [CI 95%, 1.58 to 2.45]). These findings could guide future studies of AIM2 as either an adjuvant target for immunosuppression or a potential biomarker for acute rejection and graft survival.</p

Image_4_AIM2 as a putative target in acute kidney graft rejection.jpeg

Acute rejection (AR) is a process triggered via the recognition of grafted organ-derived antigens by the immune system, which could present as a life-threatening condition. In the context of a kidney transplant, despite improvement with immunosuppressive therapies, AR maintains a significant incidence of 10%, and currently available drugs generally act in similar and canonical pathways of lymphocyte activation. This prompted the research for different approaches to identify potential novel targets that could improve therapeutic interventions. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis comparing groups of acute rejection (including T cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection) to stable grafts that included differentially expressed genes, transcription factor and kinase enrichment, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. These analyses revealed inflammasome enhancement in rejected grafts and AIM2 as a potential component linked to acute rejection, presenting a positive correlation to T-cell activation and a negative correlation to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Also, the AIM2 expression showed a global accuracy in discerning acute rejection grafts (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.755 and 0.894, p < 0.0001), and meta-analysis comprising different studies indicated a considerable enhancement of AIM2 in rejection (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.45, [CI 95%, 1.18 to 1.71]), especially for T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (SMD = 2.01, [CI 95%, 1.58 to 2.45]). These findings could guide future studies of AIM2 as either an adjuvant target for immunosuppression or a potential biomarker for acute rejection and graft survival.</p

Image_6_AIM2 as a putative target in acute kidney graft rejection.jpeg

Acute rejection (AR) is a process triggered via the recognition of grafted organ-derived antigens by the immune system, which could present as a life-threatening condition. In the context of a kidney transplant, despite improvement with immunosuppressive therapies, AR maintains a significant incidence of 10%, and currently available drugs generally act in similar and canonical pathways of lymphocyte activation. This prompted the research for different approaches to identify potential novel targets that could improve therapeutic interventions. Here, we conducted a transcriptome analysis comparing groups of acute rejection (including T cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection) to stable grafts that included differentially expressed genes, transcription factor and kinase enrichment, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. These analyses revealed inflammasome enhancement in rejected grafts and AIM2 as a potential component linked to acute rejection, presenting a positive correlation to T-cell activation and a negative correlation to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Also, the AIM2 expression showed a global accuracy in discerning acute rejection grafts (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.755 and 0.894, p < 0.0001), and meta-analysis comprising different studies indicated a considerable enhancement of AIM2 in rejection (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.45, [CI 95%, 1.18 to 1.71]), especially for T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) (SMD = 2.01, [CI 95%, 1.58 to 2.45]). These findings could guide future studies of AIM2 as either an adjuvant target for immunosuppression or a potential biomarker for acute rejection and graft survival.</p