Leachate treatment by conventional coagulation, electrocoagulation and two-stage coagulation (conventional coagulation and electrocoagulation)

Leachate is widely explored and investigated due to highly polluted and difficult to treat. Leachate treatment commonly involves advanced, complicated and high cost activities. Conventional coagulation is widely used in the treatment of wastewater but the sludge production becomes the biggest constraint in this treatment. Electrocoagulation is an alternative to conventional method because it has the same application but produce less sludge and requires simple equipment. Thus, combination of conventional coagulation and electrocoagulation can improve the efficiency of coagulation process in leachate treatment. This article is focusing on the efficiency of single and combined treatment as well as the improvement made by combined treatment. Based on review, the percentage reduction of current density and dose of coagulant was perceptible. As much 50% reduction of current density, duration of treatment, and dose of coagulant able to be obtained by using combined treatment. This combined treatment is able to reduce the cost and at the same time reduce the duration of treatment. Hence, the combined treatment offers an alternative technique for landfill leachate treatment on the removal of pollutants

Effect of Mooring Lines on the Responses of Spar Platforms

Spar platform, a competitive alternative structure for deepwater oil field development is modelled as a rigid body with six degree -of-freedom, connected to the sea floor by multi-component catenary mooring lines, which are attached to the spar platform at the fairleads. Since this spar platform is quite new in deepwater exploration, a lot of studies and researches still need to be done. Therefore in this project, the different type of spar platforms as well as the dynamic responses of spar platform such as surge, heave and pitch are being analyzed and compared by using comparison method based on its different mooring lines configurations. The mathematical results by using Linear Airy Wave Theory, Pierson-Moskowitz Spectrum, Morison Equation and Motion Response Spectrum have been conducted. The frequency domain analysis and time domain analysis have been performed by choosing frequency within 0.05 - 0.3Hz and time series within 0 - 100 seconds. For Neptnne Spar Platform, the maximum profile obtained were 1.9 - 2m for surge, 0.78m for heave and 0.065radian for pitch. These values are within the permissible limits for offshore operations. Also, parametric studies have been made by using different number of mooring lines. It is shows that there is no significant effect on the surge and heave responses even though the stiffness increases as the number of mooring lines increases

iPS細胞およびHEK293細胞増殖のためのCouette Flowを用いた浮遊培養系の開発

早大学位記番号:新7337早稲田大

Assessment of electric field on polymeric insulator in polluted environment

Insulators are among the most important electrical power transmission systems. Polymeric insulators are essential for better performance. Insulating polymers are widespread due to the wide range such as lightness, ease of installation and lower cost. Despite this advantage, the major cause of polymeric insulator failure is due to the polymer material aging and degradation which is caused by electrical stress on the high voltage terminal of the insulator. Thus, this project seeks to analyze the electrical field along the surface of the polymer insulator in the polluted environment. This can be achieved by creating a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric model by using Finite Element Tool COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results showed that the effect of uniform pollution layer with different thickness and conductivity on electrical along the insulator surface as the pollution layer thickness and conductivity electric field intensity increases. Electric fields along the insulator surface are highly influenced by the values of pollution layer conductivity and thickness. This indicates that effect of the dry band insulator surface towards electric field in a polluted environment shown the electric field is greatly influenced by the location of the dry band. The main goal is to evaluate the effect of uniform pollution layers with various thickness and conductivity and also analyze the effect of dry band insulator surface towards electric field performance in a polluted environment

WIRELESS ELECTROMYOGRAPH RECORDER

Muscles generate low voltages which are around 100 mV when they contract. These voltages are weakened by internal tissues and the skin. Even though the voltages are weak but they can be measurable at the surfuce of the skin. Electromyography (EMG) recorder is used to measure a muscle electrical activity that occurs during muscle contraction and relaxation cycles. In medical applications, people mostly used a wired EMG recorder. However, the advanced technology had allowed wireless collection and recording of muscle electrical activities using an EMG recorder. Thus this report is going to discuss in depth about a wireless EMG recorder. This project background study will include problem statements to justifY the need of this project, objectives, scope and limitation of the project as well as project feasibility. Literature reviews will also cover aspects like EMG signal, conventional EMG recorder, and types of wireless network that can be used. In the methodology part, the proposed design, tool and equipment will be discussed further. Result and discussion will explain about the output obtained from the project. This report will be wrapped up with a conclusion

EKSTRASI WARNA CAT MOBIL MENGGUNAKAN SESNOR WARNA BERDASARKAN NILAI RGB

Sensor warna TCS3200 digunakan untuk mengetahui sebuah nilai RGB dari sebuah objeck berwarna, sensor TCS3200 merupakan IC pengkonversi warna cahaya menjadi nilai frekuensi dan sensor TCS3200 memiliki fasilitas untuk merekam hingga 25 data warna. Dalam pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan perancangan untuk mengetahui berapa perbandingan warna pada pengecatan mobil yang di butuhkan untuk menghasilkan warna cat yang di inginkan. Pada pembuatan sistem alat di buat untuk mengetahui nilai perbandingan warna RGB pada sebuah body mobil dalam pengecatan. Dimana dalam menghasilkan warna cat body mobil yang sesuai masih menggunakan cara manual dengan mengetahui perbandingan dan menakar cat lalu menguji nya terlebih dahulu, sehingga menghasilkan warna yang diinginkan. Cara ini memerlukan waktu yang lama dan seringkali menghasilkan warna yang jauh dari apa yang diharapkan, atau tekadang takaran pada cat yang tidak sesuai. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka dalam penelitian ini dibuat alat atau sistem yang bekerja secara otomatis dan mampu mengetahui perbandingan warna cat mobil yang tepat

Chemical and Biological Investigation of Apiculture Products from Stingless Bees Heterotrigona itama

Heterotrigona itama is one of common stingless bee species in Malaysia. Similar to sting bee, stingless bee also produce honey, propolis and beebread in their hive. Propolis and beebread of Malaysian stingless bee were less explored compared to honey. This work examine nutritional content, antioxidant activity and chemical profiling of honey, propolis and beebread produced by stingless bee species Heterotrigona itama. Nutritional contents such as moisture content, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate were measured. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method; Folin-Ciocalteau method for total phenolic content (TPC) and Aluminium Chloride method for total flavonoid content (TFC). Chemical profiling was carried out by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) in solvent system of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid with ratio 8 : 2 : 0.1 v/v/v. The results revealed that honey possessed the highest moisture content and total carbohydrate with values of 30.67%±1.30 and 65.88%±1.70, respectively. Meanwhile, propolis contained the highest total fat (49.2% ± 5.31) which due to its compositions of wax and resin. Total protein and ash contents were abundant in beebread with values of 30.43%±0.40 and 3.28%±0.13, respectively. The highest total phenolic (70.64%±01.81 µg/mL) and flavonoid contents (31.75%±0.05 µg/mL) were found in propolis. Propolis also possessed the highest antioxidant activity with the lowest IC50 value of 5 µg/mL as comparable to positive control, Trolox (IC50 value: 3µg/mL). These results revealed that propolis is a good source of antioxidant as compared to honey and beebread. TLC analysis revealed that propolis also contained higher chemical compositions as compared to honey and beebread. This finding shows that stingless bee products have potential in therapeutic as strong natural antioxidant (propolis) and high in their nutritional content (honey and beebread)

The Design and Implementation of Middleware for Application Development within Honeybee Computing Environment

Computing technology is now moving from ubiquitous computing into advanced ubiquitous computing environment. An advanced ubiquitous environment is an extension of ubiquitous environment that improve connectivity between devices. This computing environment has five major characteristics, namely: large number of heterogeneous devices; new communication technology; mobile ad hoc network (MANET); peer-to-peer communication; and Internet of Things. Honeybee computing is a concept based on advanced ubiquitous computing technology to support Smart City Smart Village (SCSV) initiatives, which is a project initiated within Digital Malaysia. This paper describes the design and implementation of a middleware to support application development within Honeybee computing environment

Preliminary Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Stingless Bees Propolis From Different Localities

Propolis is a resinous mixture collected from stingless bees and is reported to have various biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor and hepatoprotective. Location where bees were bread plays an important role in determining the types and quality of propolis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of locality on antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of propolis. Stingless bee Heterotrigona itama propolis was collected from Besut (HI-BST), Dungun (HI-DGN), Tanah Merah (HI-TM) and Gua Musang (HI-GM). The antioxidant activity of these propolis was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) and 2, 2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS). Cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of these propolis extracts were determined through 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetra-zolium Bromide (MTT Assay) and Annexin V/PI double staining method using flow cytometer. HI-BST propolis sample has the highest antioxidant capacity with IC50 value of 10 ± 2.623 ugmL-1 (DPPH free radical scavenging) and 30 ± 1.857 ugmL-1 (ABTS free radical scavenging) followed by HI-DGN and HI-GM. For cytotoxic and apoptotic evaluation, HI-BST has the highest cytotoxic, with IC50 value of 14 ± 0.910 ugmL-1 compare to other propolis samples. In apoptosis assay, at concentration of 14 µgmL-1 (IC50), there were 44.84% of cell undergoes early apoptosis while 38.81 % was a viable cell. Overall, data from this study shown that propolis collected form university’s apiary (HI-BST) is the best quality propolis compare to other location. Propolis from this location has good potential to be developed as health-related product

[Analysis of The Manuscript of Sayr Al-Salikin ila ،Ibadah Rabb Al- ‘Alamin by Shaykh ‘Abd Al-Samad Al-Falimbani in The National Library of Malaysia]

Sayr al-Salikin’s ila ،Ibadah Rabb al-،Alamin manuscript has been well preserved and cared in several Malay manuscript repositories either in the region of the Malay World or in the West. Nevertheless, the public still have no knowledge of its existence and the actual number of its copies. Therefore, this study aims to trace and analyze the manuscripts found in Malaysia especially National Library of Malaysia. This study used qualitative approach by collecting data in the form of documents. Next, the data obtained were analyze descriptively. The results of the study found that the total number of 48 Sayr al-Salikin’s early manuscript has been well taken care of and is still accessible to researchers at National Library of Malaysia. In conclution, this study can give a clear information about the total 48 copies and the status of Sayr al-Salikin’s manuscript (9 complete and 39 incomplete copies) located at the National Centre for Malay Manuscripts, National Library of Malaysia. Manuskrip Sayr al-Salikin ila ،Ibadah Rabb al-،Alamin telah disimpan dan dijaga dengan baik di beberapa repositori manuskrip Melayu sama ada di rantau Alam Melayu mahupun di Barat. Walaupun begitu, orang ramai masih tidak mengetahui tentang keberadaan dan jumlah sebenar naskhah-naskhah Sayr al-Salikin. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjejaki dan menganalisis manuskrip Sayr al-Salikin yang terdapat di Malaysia, khususnya Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data berbentuk dokumen. Data-data yang diperolehi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil mendapati sebanyak 48 naskhah awal Sayr al-Salikin telah dijaga dengan baik dan masih boleh diakses oleh para pengkaji di Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini dapat memberikan maklumat yang jelas mengenai keseluruhan 48 buah manuskrip Sayr al-Salikin dan statusnya (9 lengkap dan 39 tidak lengkap) yang berada di Pusat Kebangsaan Manuskrip Melayu, Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia