4,528 research outputs found
Experiences with entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of overwintering codling moth larvae in Germany
Entomopathogenic nematodes were tested for their potential as tool in resistance
management of codling moth Cydia pomonella L. in organic fruit growing. In two field tests,
the adults emerging from stems treated with nematodes were monitored. In one trial, 90 %
of efficacy could be shown. On-farm trials with favourable weather conditions showed an
efficacy about 50-60 % on fruit infestation by codling moth in the year following the
application. On-farm trials with unfavourable weather conditions showed no results. The
favourable weather conditions for the application are discussed with reference to German
conditions
Field tests with Madex Plus against CpGV-resistant codling moth populations in organic orchards in 2006
When resistance to the Mexican isolate of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV-M) arose
in several organic orchards in Germany in 2004 and 2005, the future of codling moth
control became a serious concern of organic fruit growing. In 2006, a new virus isolate
from Andermatt Biocontrol AG (Madex Plus) was first tested in two field trials in organic
orchards on codling moth populations resistant against the Mexican isolate of CpGV.
Madex Plus showed a better efficacy on these populations than Madex 3. However, larval
mortality larvae seemed to be somewhat delayed. A very good effect was shown in
population control. The number of larvae in corrugated card board belts was significantly
reduced after treatment with Madex Plus. In addition to these trials, on-farm trials in all
orchards concerned of the CpGV-M resistance were carried out. The results of on-farm
trials showed the same tendency: high efficacy in population control against a background
of slightly delayed larval death. In 2007, Madex Plus was applied successfully in all
organic orchards with CpGV-M-resistant codling moth populations in Germany
A van Hemmen-Kondo model for disordered strongly correlated electron systems
We present here a theoretical model in order to describe the competition
between the Kondo effect and the spin glass behavior. The spin glass part of
the starting Hamiltonian contains Ising spins with an intersite exchange
interaction given by the local van Hemmen model, while the Kondo effect is
described as usual by the intrasite exchange . We obtain, for large
values, a Kondo phase and, for smaller values, a succession, with
decreasingComment: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Laser-uv-microirradiation (1= 257 nm) of Chinese hamster cells: evidence of uv-induced chromosome aberrations which do not originate at the sites of photolesions in the chromatin
Spin-glass phase transition and behavior of nonlinear susceptibility in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model with random fields
The behavior of the nonlinear susceptibility and its relation to the
spin-glass transition temperature , in the presence of random fields, are
investigated. To accomplish this task, the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model is
studied through the replica formalism, within a one-step
replica-symmetry-breaking procedure. In addition, the dependence of the
Almeida-Thouless eigenvalue (replicon) on the random fields
is analyzed. Particularly, in absence of random fields, the temperature
can be traced by a divergence in the spin-glass susceptibility ,
which presents a term inversely proportional to the replicon . As a result of a relation between and , the
latter also presents a divergence at , which comes as a direct consequence
of at . However, our results show that, in the
presence of random fields, presents a rounded maximum at a temperature
, which does not coincide with the spin-glass transition temperature
(i.e., for a given applied random field). Thus, the maximum
value of at reflects the effects of the random fields in the
paramagnetic phase, instead of the non-trivial ergodicity breaking associated
with the spin-glass phase transition. It is also shown that still
maintains a dependence on the replicon , although in a more
complicated way, as compared with the case without random fields. These results
are discussed in view of recent observations in the LiHoYF
compound.Comment: accepted for publication in PR
Lower bounds on the entanglement needed to play XOR non-local games
We give an explicit family of XOR games with O(n)-bit questions requiring 2^n
ebits to play near-optimally. More generally we introduce a new technique for
proving lower bounds on the amount of entanglement required by an XOR game: we
show that near-optimal strategies for an XOR game G correspond to approximate
representations of a certain C^*-algebra associated to G. Our results extend an
earlier theorem of Tsirelson characterising the set of quantum strategies which
implement extremal quantum correlations.Comment: 20 pages, no figures. Corrected abstract, body of paper unchange
Erste Freilanduntersuchungen zur Wirkung von Madex plus gegen CpGV-resistente Apfelwicklerpopulationen in Öko-Betrieben
In first field tests on codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) populations proven to be resis-tant against codling moth granulovirus (CpGV) Madex plus, a selectioned CpGV, proved to be rather effective and showed a better efficacy than Madex 3, the standard CpGV-product.
However, it is to consider that high amounts of Madex plus were used (50 ml/ha and m tree height each seven sunny days (a rainy day is considered half a sunny day). Moreover, the risk of development of resistance against this new selection is not clear yet. Thus, even if now a new selection of CpGV is available for the first time, the strategy of codling moth control in organic farming must rely on more components than only CpGV and mating disruption in the future
Quantum critical point in the spin glass-antiferromagnetism competition in Kondo-lattice systems
A theory is proposed to describe the competition among antiferromagnetism
(AF), spin glass (SG) and Kondo effect. The model describes two Kondo
sublattices with an intrasite Kondo interaction strength and an
interlattice quantum Ising interaction in the presence of a transverse field
. The interlattice coupling is a random Gaussian distributed variable
(with average and variance ) while the field is
introduced as a quantum mechanism to produce spin flipping. The path integral
formalism is used to study this fermionic problem where the spin operators are
represented by bilinear combinations of Grassmann fields. The disorder is
treated within the framework of the replica trick. The free energy and the
order parameters of the problem are obtained by using the static ansatz and by
choosing both and to allow, as previously,
a better comparison with the experimental findings.
The results indicate the presence of a SG solution at low and for
temperature ( is the freezing temperature). When is
increased, a mixed phase AF+SG appears, then an AF solution and finally a Kondo
state is obtained for high values of . Moreover, the behaviors of the
freezing and Neel temperatures are also affected by the relationship between
and the transverse field . The first one presents a slight
decrease while the second one decreases towards a Quantum Critical Point (QCP).
The obtained phase diagram has the same sequence as the experimental one for
, if is assumed to increase with , and
in addition, it also shows a qualitative agreement concerning the behavior of
the freezing and the Neel temperatures.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys.
One-step replica symmetry breaking solution for a highly asymmetric two-sublattice fermionic Ising spin glass model in a transverse field
The one-step replica symmetry breaking (RSB) is used to study a
two-sublattice fermionic infinite-range Ising spin glass (SG) model in a
transverse field . The problem is formulated in a Grassmann path
integral formalism within the static approximation. In this model, a parallel
magnetic field breaks the symmetry of the sublattices. It destroys the
antiferromagnetic (AF) order, but it can favor the nonergodic mixed phase
(SG+AF) characterizing an asymmetric RSB region. In this region,
intra-sublattice disordered interactions increase the difference between
the RSB solutions of each sublattice. The freezing temperature shows a higher
increase with when enhances. A discontinue phase transition from the
replica symmetry (RS) solution to the RSB solution can appear with the presence
of an intra-sublattice ferromagnetic average coupling. The field
introduces a quantum spin flip mechanism that suppresses the magnetic orders
leading them to quantum critical points. Results suggest that the quantum
effects are not able to restore the RS solution. However, in the asymmetric RSB
region, can produce a stable RS solution at any finite temperature for
a particular sublattice while the other sublattice still presents RSB solution
for the special case in which only the intra-sublattice spins couple with
disordered interactions.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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