39 research outputs found
Interaction of the Laws of Electrodynamics in the Huber Effect
A complex physical phenomenon, first discovered by engineer J. Huber in 1951, is investigated. From the perspective of an external observer, the phenomenon is as follows: an electric current is passed through the wheel pairs of the car moving from the rail to the rail. The current, passing through the movable contacts of the wheels and rails, creates an additional (up to the moment of inertia) torque. The research task is to explain the reason for the occurrence of torque. Based on the analysis of individual components of the electrodynamic phenomenon discovered by Huber, an algorithm for the successive interaction of the individual components of the effect is found on the basis of the laws of classical electrodynamics: electric, ferromagnetic, and mechanical.The identity of the effect is explained, both for the wheel pair and for the bearing (Kosyrev-Milroy engine). For the first time, the cause of the appearance of the torque is revealed: relative movement of surface charges in the region of the movable electrical contact to the wheel body and the rails (or balls and guides). Moving charges unevenly magnetized ferromagnetic bodies according to the Biot-Savart-Laplace law. Due to the reduction in the clearance of the oncoming side of the wheel (or balls) and the increase on the trailing side, the pulling force from the oncoming side and, accordingly, the moment are more than on trailing side. The presented theoretical explanations completely correspond to the experimental investigation of the effect carried out by different scientists at different times
Analysis of theoretical and experimental studies of the Huber effect
The explanation of the Huber effect given in work [11] completely describes the results of experimental
researches. This effect is a result of the charge formation in the contact region. The emerged charges,
when moving relatively to ferromagnetic objects, magnetize the wheels (balls) and the guides locally
and asymmetrically. As a result, the attraction between the wheels (balls) and the guides is stronger
on the front side and, in addition to the dynamical momentum M3, creates an additional torque. The
growth of the current increases the charges and the torque.Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ iΡΡΠΎΡiΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½i Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»iΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡiΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»iΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈ ΠΏiΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π·Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡi Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»iΡ ΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠΊ Π· Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ (Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π. ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°).The history of theoretical and experimental researches of a physical phenomenon that emerges
in moving wheel or bearing pairs, when an electric current flows through the contacts between
the wheels or balls and their guides (the Huber effect) has been reviewed
ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠ² ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π²Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ: 1) Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π· Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠ° Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡ; 2) ΠΎΠ±βΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΠΌ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ²: Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΊ Π»Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ.This article describes the application of the method of constructing the static nonlinear dependencies in dynamic electrical objects to optimize their functioning. The method of construction includes two components: 1) determining the non-parametric model of the static nonlinearity with arbitrary object dynamics, followed by its piecewise analytical identification; 2) the integration of individual models into the complete model using selective functions analytic in the entire range instead of non-analytic signum functions. A number of examples were presented of using the proposed methodology for the identification and optimization of electrical facilities: the generator and DC motor as the part of the automatic control system and the solar panel.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅: 1) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ; 2) ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΠΌ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²: Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ
Application of the bacteriophage Mu-driven system for the integration/amplification of target genes in the chromosomes of engineered Gram-negative bacteriaβmini review
The advantages of phage Mu transposition-based systems for the chromosomal editing of plasmid-less strains are reviewed. The cis and trans requirements for Mu phage-mediated transposition, which include the L/R ends of the Mu DNA, the transposition factors MuA and MuB, and the cis/trans functioning of the E element as an enhancer, are presented. Mini-Mu(LR)/(LER) units are Mu derivatives that lack most of the Mu genes but contain the L/R ends or a properly arranged E element in cis to the L/R ends. The dual-component system, which consists of an integrative plasmid with a mini-Mu and an easily eliminated helper plasmid encoding inducible transposition factors, is described in detail as a tool for the integration/amplification of recombinant DNAs. This chromosomal editing method is based on replicative transposition through the formation of a cointegrate that can be resolved in a recombination-dependent manner. (E-plus)- or (E-minus)-helpers that differ in the presence of the trans-acting E element are used to achieve the proper mini-Mu transposition intensity. The systems that have been developed for the construction of stably maintained mini-Mu multi-integrant strains of Escherichia coli and Methylophilus methylotrophus are described. A novel integration/amplification/fixation strategy is proposed for consecutive independent replicative transpositions of different mini-Mu(LER) units with βexcisableβ E elements in methylotrophic cells
ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ
This article describes the application of the method of constructing the static nonlinear dependencies in dynamic electrical objects to optimize their functioning. The method of construction includes two components: 1) determining the non-parametric model of the static nonlinearity with arbitrary object dynamics, followed by its piecewise analytical identification; 2) the integration of individual models into the complete model using selective functions analytic in the entire range instead of non-analytic signum functions. A number of examples were presented of using the proposed methodology for the identification and optimization of electrical facilities: the generator and DC motor as the part of the automatic control system and the solar panel.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅: 1) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ; 2) ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΠΌ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²: Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π·Π²Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ.Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠ² ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π²Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ: 1) Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π· Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΠ° Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡ; 2) ΠΎΠ±βΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΠΌ-ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ²: Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΊ Π»Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ
Adaptive systems of studies of a new direction in the creation of electric motors
ΠΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΆ. ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ Π΄ΡΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΌΡ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ, Π²ΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π² Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ²Π°Π³Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½Π°. ΠΠ»Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
, Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ½ΡΠ² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ.Detected engineer J. Huber effect of torque at the wheel of the wheelset that rolls on rails and is under the influence of electric current which passes from one track to the other through the wheelset, caused great attention of scientists because of their simple design such an engine. But the lack of starting torque significantly limited its practical use. Therefore, the authors of this article proposed modification wheelset Huber, which enables secure and starting torque. These wheelsets can be laid as a foundation to create a simple, low value and reliable motors new type