Energy Capacity Required to Ensure Optimal Microclimate in a Pigsty

Ensuring and maintaining of optimum microclimate in pigsties is an energy intensive process. The paper presents an analysis of the possibilities how to cut the consumption of energy and save the fossil fuel by improving thermal endurance of building structures, returning a part of heat emitted together with the exchanged air during ventilation and by burning biogas produced as a result of the anaerobic processing of manure. It has been clarified that at positive outdoor air temperatures heat recuparators can ensure 75-100 W heat supply per pig of an average live mass of (70 kg), which fully covers the heat deficiency required for normal microclimate. Burning biogas produced as a result of anaerobic processing the manure from pigs of average live mass can ensure average heat energy of 20-30 W for heating the pigsty, which covers only a part of the heat requirements in the cold weather periods. Draft proposals have been elaborated for the anaerobic processing of the production wastes in a pigsty for 4000 sows. The generated energy covers about 60 % of the annual energy consumption in a pigsty. The significance of implementing the draft is emphasized by the effect in an environmental and ecological aspect

Optimization of the Parameters of Solar Water Heating System

In order to investigate the possibility to increase the efficiency of a flat-plate solar collector the mathematical model of the collector has been worked out. By solving the Laplace heat transfer equation at the boundary conditions accordingly to the construction of the collector, the obtained solution gives possibility to simulate on a computer the construction of the collector in dependence on physical, thermal and economic values of materials used for the construction. The computed results by theoretical formulas with experimental results obtained on special laboratory equipment have been compared and good concurrence acquired

Photoinduced absorption and photoluminescence in poly(2,5-dimethoxy-p- phenylene vinylene)

We report a study of the photoexcited states in the conjugated polymer poly(2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene vinylene). Photoluminescence due to radiative recombination of singlet excitons is observed at energiesjust below the onset of the pi-pi* absorption band at 2.1 eV. Photoinduced absorption at 80 K shows bands peaking at 0.68, 1.35, and 1.80 eV. The features at 0.68 and 1.8 eV are associated with the same excited state which we propose is a doubly charged bipolaron, while the third at 1.35 eV is unrelated. We assign this 1.35-eV absorption to a triplet-triplet transition of a triplet exciton. The bipolarons are long lived with significant numbers surviving in excess of 100 ms at 80 K, and have a weak temperature dependence such that photoinduced absorption is readily detectable even at room temperature. The triplet exciton has a lifetime of order 2.5 ms at 80 K but this falls rapidly at higher temperature and the response is not detected at room temperature. We contrast these results with those obtained previously for the related poly(arylene vinylene) polymers poly(p-phenylene vinylene), and poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) and for other conjugated polymers, and draw attention to the important role played in the photophysics of these materials by neutral excited states

El calentamiento del suelo aumenta la producción porcina en los paises de clima frío

Se han evaluado un suelo de paneles de hormigón calentado, alfombras de goma calentadas sobre suelode hormigón y calentadores de infrarrojos para el calentamiento local de lechones. El trabajo ha sido realizado de acuerdo con las condiciones meteorológicas invernales de Letonia, con temperaturas externas de -10 a -15°C y velocidad del viento entre 1 y 2 m/s, las pruebas se han realizado en laboratorio y campo. Las alfombrillas de goma, calentadas mediante cable elétrico localizado en el cuerpo de la propia alfombra, han sido empleadas en los alojamientos de los cerdos recién nacidos para evitar las deficiencias de un suelo sin cama; no deben ser ampliamente recomendadas por su dificultad para el suministro de alimento y limpiarlas y ajustarlas, aparte de que no son capaces de acumular el calor. También ha sido investigada la eficiencia de los paneles de hormigón calentados mediante agua caliente o tubos con vapor. Los resultados de muestran que son útiles para las condiciones prácticas. También se obtienen buenos resultados mediante el empleo de paneles de hormigón calentados eléctricamente en la sala de reposo de los lechones para calentarlos por abajo y con calentadores de infrarrojos por arriba. Los aumentos del peso vivo de los cerdos, mejor estructura de la sangre y conducta de los animales, son significativos de la eficacia de este tipo de calentamiento local. El suela de paneles electrocalentados puede ser recomendado para los países del Norte y Este de Europa (Estonia, Letonia, Lituania, Rusia, Bielorusia, Ucrania, Polonia y otros) con cond¡ciones invernales similares y donde no pueden ser empleados sistemas más modernos

El calentamiento del suelo aumenta la producción porcina en los paises de clima frío

Se han evaluado un suelo de paneles de hormigón calentado, alfombras de goma calentadas sobre suelode hormigón y calentadores de infrarrojos para el calentamiento local de lechones. El trabajo ha sido realizado de acuerdo con las condiciones meteorológicas invernales de Letonia, con temperaturas externas de -10 a -15°C y velocidad del viento entre 1 y 2 m/s, las pruebas se han realizado en laboratorio y campo. Las alfombrillas de goma, calentadas mediante cable elétrico localizado en el cuerpo de la propia alfombra, han sido empleadas en los alojamientos de los cerdos recién nacidos para evitar las deficiencias de un suelo sin cama; no deben ser ampliamente recomendadas por su dificultad para el suministro de alimento y limpiarlas y ajustarlas, aparte de que no son capaces de acumular el calor. También ha sido investigada la eficiencia de los paneles de hormigón calentados mediante agua caliente o tubos con vapor. Los resultados de muestran que son útiles para las condiciones prácticas. También se obtienen buenos resultados mediante el empleo de paneles de hormigón calentados eléctricamente en la sala de reposo de los lechones para calentarlos por abajo y con calentadores de infrarrojos por arriba. Los aumentos del peso vivo de los cerdos, mejor estructura de la sangre y conducta de los animales, son significativos de la eficacia de este tipo de calentamiento local. El suela de paneles electrocalentados puede ser recomendado para los países del Norte y Este de Europa (Estonia, Letonia, Lituania, Rusia, Bielorusia, Ucrania, Polonia y otros) con cond¡ciones invernales similares y donde no pueden ser empleados sistemas más modernos

Parametru Optimizācija ūdens sildīšanas sistēmai ar saules enerģiju

Santr. anglBibliogr.: p. 358 (1 pavad.)Vytauto Didžiojo universitetasŽemės ūkio akademij

Optical spectroscopy of field-induced charge in poly(2.5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene vinylene) metal-insulator-semiconductor structures

We have investigated metal-insulator-semiconductor structures fabricated with poly(2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene vinylene) as the active semiconductor. In accumulation, we have observed three charge-related absorption features at 0.7eV, 1.7eV and 2.0eV which scale in intensity with the field-induced charge present in the device accumulation layer. We note that the two lower transitions are due to the same state, which can be associated with the presence of long-lived bipolarons, observed in photo-induced absorption. We estimate a value for the optical cross-section associated with the bipolaron absorption at 0.7eV, of around 2 x 10(-15)cm2

Complement inhibition attenuates acute kidney injury after ischemia-reperfusion and limits progression to renal fibrosis in mice.

The complement system is an essential component of innate immunity and plays a major role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). In this study, we investigated the impact of human C1-inhibitor (C1INH) on the early inflammatory response to IRI and the subsequent progression to fibrosis in mice. We evaluated structural damage, renal function, acute inflammatory response, progression to fibrosis and overall survival at 90-days post-injury. Animals receiving C1INH prior to reperfusion had a significant improvement in survival rate along with superior renal function when compared to vehicle (PBS) treated counterparts. Pre-treatment with C1INH also prevented acute IL-6, CXCL1 and MCP-1 up-regulation, C5a release, C3b deposition and infiltration by neutrophils and macrophages into renal tissue. This anti-inflammatory effect correlated with a significant reduction in the expression of markers of fibrosis alpha smooth muscle actin, desmin and picrosirius red at 30 and 90 days post-IRI and reduced renal levels of TGF-β1 when compared to untreated controls. Our findings indicate that intravenous delivery of C1INH prior to ischemic injury protects kidneys from inflammatory injury and subsequent progression to fibrosis. We conclude that early complement blockade in the context of IRI constitutes an effective strategy in the prevention of fibrosis after ischemic acute kidney injury