A Simple Explanation for the X(3872) Mass Shift Observed for Decay to D^{*0} {D^0}bar

We propose a simple explanation for the increase of approximately 3 MeV/c^2 in the mass value of the X(3872) obtained from D^{*0} {D^0}bar decay relative to that obtained from decay to J/psi pi+ pi-. If the total width of the X(3872) is 2-3 MeV, the peak position in the D^{*0} {D^0}bar invariant mass distribution is sensitive to the final state orbital angular momentum because of the proximity of the X(3872) to D^{*0} {D^0}bar threshold. We show that for total width 3 MeV and one unit of orbital angular momentum, a mass shift ~3 MeV/c^2 is obtained; experimental mass resolution should slightly increase this value. A consequence is that spin-parity 2^- is favored for the X(3872).Comment: 3.5 pages, 4 eps figure

Two-Dimensional Electrons in a Strong Magnetic Field with Disorder: Divergence of the Localization Length

Electrons on a square lattice with half a flux quantum per plaquette are considered. An effective description for the current loops is given by a two-dimensional Dirac theory with random mass. It is shown that the conductivity and the localization length can be calculated from a product of Dirac Green's functions with the {\it same} frequency. This implies that the delocalization of electrons in a magnetic field is due to a critical point in a phase with a spontaneously broken discrete symmetry. The estimation of the localization length is performed for a generalized model with $N$ fermion levels using a $1/N$--expansion and the Schwarz inequality. An argument for the existence of two Hall transition points is given in terms of percolation theory.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX, no figure

Visibility of Cold Atomic Gases in Optical Lattices for Finite Temperatures

In nearly all experiments with ultracold atoms time-of-flight pictures are the only data available. In this paper we present an analytical strong-coupling calculation for those time-of-flight pictures of bosons in an optical lattice in the Mott phase. This allows us to determine the visibility, which quantifies the contrast of peaks in the time-of-flight pictures, and we suggest how to use it as a thermometer.Comment: Author Information under http://www.theo-phys.uni-essen.de/tp/ags/pelster_dir

Mixtures of fermionic atoms in an optical lattice

A mixture of light and heavy spin-polarized fermionic atoms in an optical lattice is considered. Tunneling of the heavy atoms is neglected such that they are only subject to thermal fluctuations. This results in a complex interplay between light and heavy atoms caused by quantum tunneling of the light atoms. The distribution of the heavy atoms is studied. It can be described by an Ising-like distribution with a first-order transition from homogeneous to staggered order. The latter is caused by an effective nonlocal interaction due to quantum tunneling of the light atoms. A second-order transition is also possible between an ordered and a disordered phase of the heavy atoms

Integer Quantum Hall Effect for Lattice Fermions

A two-dimensional lattice model for non-interacting fermions in a magnetic field with half a flux quantum per plaquette and $N$ levels per site is considered. This is a model which exhibits the Integer Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE) in the presence of disorder. It presents an alternative to the continuous picture for the IQHE with Landau levels. The large $N$ limit can be solved: two Hall transitions appear and there is an interpolating behavior between the two Hall plateaux. Although this approach to the IQHE is different from the traditional one with Landau levels because of different symmetries (continuous for Landau levels and discrete here), some characteristic features are reproduced. For instance, the slope of the Hall conductivity is infinite at the transition points and the electronic states are delocalized only at the transitions.Comment: 9 pages, Plain-Te

Lower Bound for the Fermi Level Density of States of a Disordered D-Wave Superconductor in Two Dimensions

We consider a disordered d--wave superconductor in two dimensions. Recently, we have shown in an exact calculation that for a lattice model with a Lorentzian distributed random chemical potential the quasiparticle density of states at the Fermi level is nonzero. As the exact result holds only for the special choice of the Lorentzian, we employ different methods to show that for a large class of distributions, including the Gaussian distribution, one can establish a nonzero lower bound for the Fermi level density of states. The fact that the tails of the distributions are unimportant in deriving the lower bound shows that the exact result obtained before is generic.Comment: 15 preprint pages, no figures, submitted to PR

The effect of ram pressure on the star formation, mass distribution and morphology of galaxies

We investigate the dependence of star formation and the distribution of the components of galaxies on the strength of ram pressure. Several mock observations in X-ray, H$\alpha$ and HI wavelength for different ram-pressure scenarios are presented. By applying a combined N-body/hydrodynamic description (GADGET-2) with radiative cooling and a recipe for star formation and stellar feedback 12 different ram-pressure stripping scenarios for disc galaxies were calculated. Special emphasis was put on the gas within the disc and in the surroundings. All gas particles within the computational domain having the same mass resolution. The relative velocity was varied from 100 km/s to 1000 km/s in different surrounding gas densities in the range from $1\times10^{-28}$ to $5\times10^{-27}$ g/cm$^3$. The temperature of the surrounding gas was initially $1\times10^{7}$ K. The star formation of a galaxy is enhanced by more than a magnitude in the simulation with a high ram-pressure ($5\times10^{-11}$ dyn/cm$^2$) in comparison to the same system evolving in isolation. The enhancement of the star formation depends more on the surrounding gas density than on the relative velocity. Up to 95% of all newly formed stars can be found in the wake of the galaxy out to distances of more than 350 kpc behind the stellar disc. Continuously stars fall back to the old stellar disc, building up a bulge-like structure. Young stars can be found throughout the stripped wake with surface densities locally comparable to values in the inner stellar disc. Ram-pressure stripping can shift the location of star formation from the disc into the wake on very short timescales. (Abridged)Comment: 19 pages, 25 figures, A&A accepted, high resolution version can be found at http://astro.uibk.ac.at/~wolfgang/kapferer_rps_galaxies.pd

Internal kinematics of isolated modelled disk galaxies

We present a systematic investigation of rotation curves (RCs) of fully hydrodynamically simulated galaxies, including cooling, star formation with associated feedback and galactic winds. Applying two commonly used fitting formulae to characterize the RCs, we investigate systematic effects on the shape of RCs both by observational constraints and internal properties of the galaxies. We mainly focus on effects that occur in measurements of intermediate and high redshift galaxies. We find that RC parameters are affected by the observational setup, like slit misalignment or the spatial resolution and also depend on the evolution of a galaxy. Therefore, a direct comparison of quantities derived from measured RCs with predictions of semi-analytic models is difficult. The virial velocity V_c, which is usually calculated and used by semi-analytic models can differ significantly from fit parameters like V_max or V_opt inferred from RCs. We find that V_c is usually lower than typical characteristic velocities derived from RCs. V_max alone is in general not a robust estimator for the virial mass.Comment: 9 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Quantum phases in mixtures of fermionic atoms

A mixture of spin-polarized light and heavy fermionic atoms on a finite size 2D optical lattice is considered at various temperatures and values of the coupling between the two atomic species. In the case, where the heavy atoms are immobile in comparison to the light atoms, this system can be seen as a correlated binary alloy related to the Falicov-Kimball model. The heavy atoms represent a scattering environment for the light atoms. The distributions of the binary alloy are discussed in terms of strong- and weak-coupling expansions. We further present numerical results for the intermediate interaction regime and for the density of states of the light particles. The numerical approach is based on a combination of a Monte-Carlo simulation and an exact diagonalization method. We find that the scattering by the correlated heavy atoms can open a gap in the spectrum of the light atoms, either for strong interaction or small temperatures.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure