Modeliranje ovisnosti klimatskog sustava od emisije ugljičnog dioksida iz izgaranja fosilnih goriva

We have developed a model for investigating the dependence of the climate system on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This model was constructed in the STELLA program, which makes use of Systems Dynamics Modelling as a methodology. It consists of two main sectors: climate sector and carbon dioxide emissions sector, and studies interactions between climate system and carbon dioxide emissions from coal, oil, natural gas. Together, the interacting climate and carbon dioxide emissions provide approximate predictions of both Earth and atmosphere temperature as a function of time. Our simple model predicts a gradual increase in atmosphere and Earth temperatures. The increase of mean temperatures for the time interval of 100 years is about 5 K, which is in accordance with the data obtained from IPCC where the range of projected global temperature change, for the same time interval, for all scenarios is from 1.4 K to 5.8 KNapravljen je model za istraživanje ovisnosti klimatskog sustava od koncentracije ugljičnog dioksida u atmosferi. Ovaj model je konstruiran s programom Stella koji za metodologiju upotrebljava modeliranje dinamičkih sustava. On sadrži dva glavna sektora: klimatski sektor i sektor emisije ugljičnog dioksida, i istražuje interakciju između klimatskog sustava i emisije ugljičnog dioksida iz ugljena, nafte i prirodnog plina. Interakcija između klimatskog sustava i emisije ugljičnog dioksida daje približno predviđanje za temperaturu Zemlje i atmosfere kao funkcije vremena. Naš jednostavan model predviđa postepeni rast temperature Zemlje i atmosfere. Rast srednje temperature za interval vremena od 100 godina je oko 5 K koji je u suglasnosti s dobivenim podacima iz IPCC gdje se za isti interval vremena, projektirane promjene globalne temperature, za sve scenarije, kreću od 1.4 K do 5.8 K

Modeliranje elektroenergetskog sustava Kosova i scenariji za održivi razvoj

We present a brief study of possible baseline energy development and available options to mitigate carbon emissions. We also discuss problems associated with them. For this purpose we developed an integrated electricity supply-demand model for the period 2010-2025 and analyzed a set of energy scenarios for Kosovo considering also “The energy strategy of the Republic of Kosovo 2009-2018”. In various scenarios the potential for growth of the renewable energy sector and its integration into the energy system of Kosovo is investigated. The analysis of various scenarios show that medium growth scenarios are the most favourable scenarios for achieving a stable and quality supply of consumers with electricity for the period 2010-2025 and for a sustainable development of the electricity sector. According to these scenarios, the portion of electricity generation from renewable sources would be 10% of the total electricity generation.U ovom radu predstavljamo kratku studiju mogućih scenarija energetskog razvoja i opcije dostupne za smanjenje emisija. Također raspravljamo o problemima povezanim s njim. U tu svrhu smo razvijali integrirani model ponude-potražnje električne energije za vremensko razdoblje 2010-2025 i analizirali skup energetskih scenarija za Kosovo uzimajući u obzir "Strategiju energetskog razvoja Republike Kosova 2009-2018." U različitim scenarijima istražili smo potencijale i mogućnosti rasta sektora energije iz obnovljivih izvora (energije iz vjetra, biomase, solarne energije, itd.) i njegovu integraciju u energetski sustav na Kosovu. Analiza različitih scenarija pokazuje da scenariji umjerenog rasta su najpovoljniji scenariji za postizanje stabilne i kvalitetne opskrbe potrošača električnom energijom za razdoblje 2010-2025 i za održiv razvoj elektroenergetskog sektora. Prema tim scenarijima, udio električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora će biti 10% od ukupne proizvodnje električne energije

Modeliranje elektroenergetskog sustava Kosova i scenariji za održivi razvoj

We present a brief study of possible baseline energy development and available options to mitigate carbon emissions. We also discuss problems associated with them. For this purpose we developed an integrated electricity supply-demand model for the period 2010-2025 and analyzed a set of energy scenarios for Kosovo considering also “The energy strategy of the Republic of Kosovo 2009-2018”. In various scenarios the potential for growth of the renewable energy sector and its integration into the energy system of Kosovo is investigated. The analysis of various scenarios show that medium growth scenarios are the most favourable scenarios for achieving a stable and quality supply of consumers with electricity for the period 2010-2025 and for a sustainable development of the electricity sector. According to these scenarios, the portion of electricity generation from renewable sources would be 10% of the total electricity generation.U ovom radu predstavljamo kratku studiju mogućih scenarija energetskog razvoja i opcije dostupne za smanjenje emisija. Također raspravljamo o problemima povezanim s njim. U tu svrhu smo razvijali integrirani model ponude-potražnje električne energije za vremensko razdoblje 2010-2025 i analizirali skup energetskih scenarija za Kosovo uzimajući u obzir "Strategiju energetskog razvoja Republike Kosova 2009-2018." U različitim scenarijima istražili smo potencijale i mogućnosti rasta sektora energije iz obnovljivih izvora (energije iz vjetra, biomase, solarne energije, itd.) i njegovu integraciju u energetski sustav na Kosovu. Analiza različitih scenarija pokazuje da scenariji umjerenog rasta su najpovoljniji scenariji za postizanje stabilne i kvalitetne opskrbe potrošača električnom energijom za razdoblje 2010-2025 i za održiv razvoj elektroenergetskog sektora. Prema tim scenarijima, udio električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora će biti 10% od ukupne proizvodnje električne energije

Prevalence of insomnia complaints in adolescents and their association with psychoactive substance use with particular regard to coffee use

Organic crystals with second-order optical nonlinearity feature very high and ultra-fast optical nonlinearities and are therefore attractive for various photonics applications. During the last decade, they have been found particularly attractive for terahertz (THz) photonics. This is mainly due to the very intense and ultra-broadband THz-wave generation possible with these crystals. We review recent progress and challenges in the development of organic crystalline materials for THz-wave generation and detection applications. We discuss their structure, intrinsic properties, and advantages compared to inorganic alternatives. The characteristic properties of the most widely employed organic crystals at present, such as DAST, DSTMS, OH1, HMQ-TMS, and BNA are analyzed and compared. We summarize the most important principles for THz-wave generation and detection, as well as organic THz-system configurations based on either difference-frequency generation or optical rectification. In addition, we give state-of-the-art examples of very intense and ultra-broadband THz systems that rely on organic crystals. Finally, we present some recent breakthrough demonstrations in nonlinear THz photonics enabled by very intense organic crystalline THz sources, as well as examples of THz spectroscopy and THz imaging using organic crystals as THz sources for various scientific and technological applications

Effects of Kosovo's energy use scenarios and associated gas emissions on its climate change and sustainable development

Climate change will be the first truly global challenge for sustainability. Energy production and consumption from fossil fuels has central role in respect to climate change, but also to sustainability in general. Because climate change is regionally driven with global consequences and is a result of economic imperatives and social values, it requires a redefinition as to the balance of these outcomes globally and regionally in Kosovo. Kosovo as one of the richest countries with lignite in Europe, with 95-97% of the electric power production from lignite and with 90% of vehicles over 10 years old, represents one of the regions with the greatest ratio of CO2 emissions per unit of GDP, as well as one of the countries with the most polluted atmosphere in Europe. The modelling is carried out regionally for Kosovo for two dynamical systems which are the main emitters of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, NOx, etc.) and air pollutants (CO, SO2, dust CHx, etc.): electricity generation and transportation emissions systems, for the time period 2000-2025. Various energy scenarios of the future are shown. We demonstrate that a transition to environmentally compatible sustainable energy use in Kosovo is possible. Implementing the emission reduction policies and introducing new technologies in electrical power production and transportation in Kosovo ensure a sustainable future development in Kosovo, electric power production and transport that become increasingly environmentally compatible.Climate change Greenhouse gases reduction Air pollution Kosovo Sustainable development

Different modulated structures of topological defects stabilized by adaptive targeting nanoparticles

It is demonstrated that interactions between nanoparticles and topological defects induce a twist-grain boundary phase in a chiral liquid crystal. The occurrence of this phase, the analogue of the Shubnikov phase in type-II superconductors, is driven by direct interactions between surface-functionalized CdSe quantum dots and screw dislocations. It is shown that, within an adaptive-defect-core-targeting mechanism, nanoparticles of appropriate size and functionalization adapt to qualitatively different cores of topological defects such as disclination lines and screw dislocations. This mechanism enables the effective reduction of the energetically costly, singular defect core volume, while the surrounding phase ordering remains relatively weakly affected. The findings suggest new pathways towards the controlled assembly of superstructures in diverse, symmetry-broken, condensed-matter systems, ranging from nanoparticle-decorated liquid crystals to superconductors.status: publishe

Different modulated structures of topological defects stabilized by adaptive targeting nanoparticles

It is demonstrated that interactions between nanoparticles and topological defects induce a twist-grain boundary phase in a chiral liquid crystal. The occurrence of this phase, the analogue of the Shubnikov phase in type-II superconductors, is driven by direct interactions between surface-functionalized CdSe quantum dots and screw dislocations. It is shown that, within an adaptive-defect-core-targeting mechanism, nanoparticles of appropriate size and functionalization adapt to qualitatively different cores of topological defects such as disclination lines and screw dislocations. This mechanism enables the effective reduction of the energetically costly, singular defect core volume, while the surrounding phase ordering remains relatively weakly affected. The findings suggest new pathways towards the controlled assembly of superstructures in diverse, symmetry-broken, condensed-matter systems, ranging from nanoparticle-decorated liquid crystals to superconductors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe