Hepato- and nephrotoxicity in male albino rats exposed to malathion and spinosad in stored wheat grains

Adult male albino rats were fed on stored wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) treated with malathion and spinosad at both 8 and 16 ppm for 90 consecutive days to evaluate their hepatic and renal toxicity. The activity of serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was decreased in rats treated with the higher concentration of both tested pesticides. Biochemical parameters of liver functions [i.e., aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, as well as total protein, albumin, bilirubin and cholesterol levels] were severely affected especially at higher concentration. Malathion and spinosad elevated the activity of ALT, AST, ALP and ACP in rats treated with the higher concentration. Also, total and direct bilirubin levels increased in rats treated with the higher concentration of both pesticides. On the contrary, both pesticides decreased total protein and albumin levels in treated rats in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, malathion was found to be hyperglycemic. Kidney function parameters (i.e., urea and creatinine levels) were increased in treated rats in a concentration-dependent manner. The above mentioned effects were supported by histopathological examination of liver and kidney tissues. The obtained results indicated also that malathion was able to cause a more pronounced hepato- and renal toxicity in rats than spinosad

MIN-MAX SOLUTIONS FOR PARAMETRIC CONTINUOUS STATIC GAME UNDER ROUGHNESS (PARAMETERS IN THE COST FUNCTION AND FEASIBLE REGION IS A ROUGH SET)

Any simple perturbation in a part of the game whether in the cost function and/or conditions is a big problem because it will require a game re-solution to obtain the perturbed optimal solution. This is a waste of time because there are methods required several steps to obtain the optimal solution, then at the end we may find that there is no solution. Therefore, it was necessary to find a method to ensure that the game optimal solution exists in the case of a change in the game data. This is the aim of this paper. We first provided a continuous static game rough treatment with Min-Max solutions, then a parametric study for the processing game and called a parametric rough continuous static game (PRCSG). In a Parametric study, a solution approach is provided based on the parameter existence in the cost function that reflects the perturbation that may occur to it to determine the parameter range in which the optimal solution point keeps in the surely region that is called the stability set of the $1^{st}$ kind. Also the sets of possible upper and lower stability to which the optimal solution belongs are characterized. Finally, numerical examples are given to clarify the solution algorithm

An interactive problem-solving approach to teach traumatology for medical students

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>We aimed to evaluate an interactive problem-solving approach for teaching traumatology from perspectives of students and consider its implications on Faculty development.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A two hour problem-solving, interactive tutorial on traumatology was structured to cover main topics in trauma management. The tutorial was based on real cases covering specific topics and objectives. Seven tutorials (5-9 students in each) were given by the same tutor with the same format for fourth and fifth year medical students in Auckland and UAE Universities (n = 50). A 16 item questionnaire, on a 7 point Likert-type scale, focusing on educational tools, tutor-based skills, and student-centered skills were answered by the students followed by open ended comments.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The tutorials were highly ranked by the students. The mean values of educational tools was the highest followed by tutor-centered skills and finally student-centered skills. There was a significant increase of the rating of studied attributes over time (F = 3.9, p = 0.004, ANOVA). Students' open ended comments were highly supportive of the interactive problem-solving approach for teaching traumatology.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The interactive problem-solving approach for tutorials can be an effective enjoyable alternative or supplement to traditional instruction for teaching traumatology to medical students. Training for this approach should be encouraged for Faculty development.</p

The Predictive Value of Vanin-1 in Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has oxidative stress-related pathway as one of its possible mechanisms. Vanin-1 (VNN1) is an oxidative stress sensitive sensor. Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the clinical significance of VNN1 in pediatric ITP patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 50 kids with ITP have been involved in this work; 25 newly diagnosed, 25 chronic patients with ITP more than 12 months (15 responders and 10 non responders to treatment) and 25 apparently healthy children. All groups had their serum VNN-1 levels checked using a two-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent test. Results: The serum VNN1 level was significantly higher in ITP group than control group (p˂0.001). The level of serum VNN1 was significantly very high in newly diagnosed ITP group (p˂0.001) in comparison to chronic responders and chronic non responders ITP groups. Moreover, there was a significant increase in serum VNN1 level in chronic non responders ITP group (p˂0.001) compared to chronic responders group. In newly diagnosed ITP group, both age (r=-0.62, p=0.006) and the platelet count (r=-0.46, p=0.01) had a significant negative connection with serum VNN1 level. A cut-off value lower than 0.6 ng/ml for serum VNN1 could be used to distinguish the chronic non-responders ITP from chronic responders patients with 100 percent specificity and 90 percent sensitivity. Conclusion: From our current results, it is hypothesized that high VNN1 level plays a role in the pathogenesis and progress of pediatric ITP

RAPID AND VALIDATED HPLC-UV METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF GEMIFLOXACIN IN HUMAN URINE

Objective: To develop and validate a simple and rapid reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of Gemifloxacin (GFX) in human urine.Methods: GFX was isolated from urine samples after acidification using methylene chloride. Good chromatographic separation was achieved using C18 Ultrasphere (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm.) analytical column maintained at 25 °C. The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 3 in the ratio of (48: 52, v/v), respectively. The analysis time was 10 min at a 1.0 ml/min flow rate. The UV detection was carried out at 272 nm.Results: GFX has been eluted at 7.5 min. Linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 20-200 ng/ml (r2&gt;0.999). The extraction recovery of GFX from urine samples was 60%. The proposed method demonstrated excellent intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy within 1.19% and 100.65 %, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 6.3 ng/ml.Conclusion: Simple and accurate RP-HPLC method for determination of GFX in human urine was developed and validated. The method was successfully applied for determination of GFX in human urine samples from healthy volunteers up to 24 hours after oral administration of 320 mg gemi floxacin tablets.Â

The probe attack on the Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol in the presences of noisy amplitude damping channel

In this contribution, we investigate the effect of the generalized amplitude damping as Eve's strategy to cause an error on the received signal during generating a quantum key distribution between Alice and Bob using Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol. For small values of the channel strength and larger values of the decay parameter, the entanglement decays gradually. The phenomena of the sudden changes of entanglement are observed for smaller and larger values of the willing initial error. These changes of entanglement decay gradually when Alice prepares her qubit in horizontal-vertical basis. While the sudden changes are depicted if the initial state is prepared in the diagonal-anti-diagonal basis. Bob will get his measurement with an error, where the probability of this error depends on the initial polarized angle, the initial desired error and the channel parameters

Effect of progressive prone plank exercise program on diastasis of rectus abdominis muscle in postpartum women: A randomized controlled trial

Diastasis of Rectus Abdominis (DRA) muscle is a concerning health issue that commonly affects female within pregnancy and postpartum time, persistent lower back pain and pelvic instability are common consequences to DRA. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effect of progressive prone plank exercises on narrowing the inter-Rectus distance (IRD) in postpartum women diagnosed with (DRA). A prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial was conducted at the Faculty of Physical Therapy Clinic of Beni-Suef University. Fifty postpartum women presented with (DRA) of at least 2 finger widths assigned into 2 equal groups (A&B). A Toshiba Xario100, 8–12 MHz ultrasonography was used to accurately measure IRD before and after 8 weeks of the exercise program. Group (A), received progressive prone plank exercise program and advice relevant to DRA as well as wore abdominal binder, while group (B) continued their ordinary lifestyle after receiving advice and wearing abdominal binder as group (A).The study results revealed a statistical significant decrease within each group and between groups in IRD (p < .05) above and below the umbilicus both at rest and during Rectus Abdominis (RA) contraction, with a significantly narrower IRD in favoured of participants of group (A) (p < .05). To sum it up, progressive prone plank exercise program is very effective in decreasing IRD in postpartum women presented with DRA

A highly-verified biometric recognition system using an ultra-speed specifically-developed finger vein sensor

Currently, Biometrics has been utilized the top five modality of face, voice, IRIs, fingerprint, and palm to identify individuals. Comparatively, these Biometrics systems need complex computation to be slow and an easy target to hack. Alternatively, this work proposes a novel biometrics system of highly secured recognition with low computation time using specifically designed biometrics sensor. Consequently, finger vein recognition has been developed. Although, this recognition requires high point of safety measures comes with its individual experiments. The most prominent one being the vein pattern is very difficult to extract because finger vein images are constantly low in quality, seriously hampering the feature extraction and classification stages. Sophisticated algorithms need to be designed with the conventional hardware for capturing finger-vein images is modified by using red Surface Mounted Diode (SMD) leds. For capturing images, Canon 750D camera is used with micro lens. The integrated micro lens gives better quality images, and with some adjustments it can also capture finger print. Results have been comparatively improvement for SDUMLA-HMT database and extensively evaluated with k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm. The (KNN) algorithm is a simple, easy-to-implement supervised machine learning algorithm that can be used to solve both classification and regression problems. KNN calculations are highly accurate in test data. Using stratified 6- fold analysis on all fingers of all hands in collected database, a maximum accuracy of 100% was achieved with an EER of 0% when select right hand and middle finger, based on the analysis of the 106 persons present in the data set. Many approaches have been used to optimize vein image quality. The proposed system has optimum results as compared to existing related works. The work novelty is due to the hardware design of the sensor within the finger-vein recognition system to obtain, simultaneously, finger vein and finger print at low cost, unlimited users for one device and open source