Perintah Memberdayakan Akal dalam Islam

AbstrakDalam agama Islam, akal memiliki kedudukan yang mulia. Perintah untuk berpikir dan memperhatikan ciptaan Allah telah banyak disinggung baik melalui Al-Qur’an maupun As-Sunnah. Namun dalam perkembangannya, tidak sedikit umat Islam yang terkena penyakit taqlid dan jumud, yaitu penyakit yang menjadi salah satu sebab utama kemunduran peradaban Islam dimasa lampau. Sehingga untuk melawan penyakit tersebut, penyegaran pemahaman umat Islam mengenai perintah untuk berpikir perlu digalakkan. Salah satunya dengan dibukanya kembali pintu ijtihad. Dalam kaitannya dengan akal dan ijtihad metode yang sering dikaitkan ialah metode burhani yakni metode yang mengutamakan pendekatan rasionalitas.Kata kunci: akal, Al-Qu’ran dan As-sunna

Framework of Inter Faith Dialogue in Al-Sharî‘a Al-Islâmiyyah

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mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} The paper proceeds with the short introduction of interfaith dialogue. Terminologies such as al jadl, al mufawadhat, al hîwar al mûhajah, and al hâdith etc. that are being used by the Muslims for the notion of dialogue   have also been elaborated. The thoughts of contemporary Muslims scholars involved in interfaith dialogue reveal   that dialogue as conversation between the representatives of religions with the aim of developing understanding and harmony is in accordance with Islamic teachings. The Da’wah, which involves knowing, learning   and persuading each other, is also kind of dialogue. Disagreements of nations are diversities from which need for dialogue emerges. Such type of prospects and benefits of interfaith dialogue particularly in Muslims’ perspective have been traced then. Islamic concept of religious diversity, which is based on recognition of almost all pre Islamic Religions, has been elaborated in third part of this paper. No compulsion in choice of faith is core of Islamic belief. Muslim Jurists are agreed that freedom of choice of faith is basic ingredient of conversion. Conversion by force and coercion is null and void. This has been discussed in forth part of this study. The fifth part of the study deals with interfaith tolerance and respect. The last part of the study consists upon miscellaneous rules that regulate the conduct of interfaith dialogue. In conclusion of this paper importance of inter religious dependence and possible role of framework of interfaith dialogue in the light of al-Sharî‘a al-Islâmiyyah have been identified so that Muslims can actively and positively contribute for peace among religions through dialogue.</p

The Ethics of Global Civil Society in Islamic Tradition

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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} The present move towards a global world demands sincere efforts for a better mutual understanding on ethical basis so that the visions, loyalties, ideals and values of individuals irrespective of their religious affiliations can be developed. This study aims to present the importance of Islamic ethics for the global society. It briefly examines the Islamic ethics and suggests that Quran, Sunnah, the literature of Adab and legal rulings are the main sources of ethics in the Islamic tradition. This is followed by a discussion on the Islamic injunctions on important ethics of multi-faith society such as righteousness and goodness. This is followed by the discussion on religious pluralism as the basic ethic of global society. The opinions of the Muslim jurists about the liberty of faith are also explored. The final part of the paper analyses in detail the legal rulings of Islam regarding interfaith marriages and social relations among the followers of different religious traditions.</p

Application of Certain π-Acceptors for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Alendronate Sodium in Pharmaceutical Bulk and Dosage Forms

Two simple, fast, and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the determination of alendronate sodium are described. The methods are based on charge-transfer complex formation of the drug with two π-electron acceptors 7,7,7,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetonitrile and methanol medium. The methods are followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the maximum absorbance at 840 nm and 465 nm, respectively. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curves showed a linear relationship over the concentration ranges of 2–10 μg mL−1 and 2–12 μg mL−1, respectively. The optimal reactions conditions values such as the reagent concentration, heating time, and stability of reaction product were determined. No significant difference was obtained between the results of newly proposed methods and the B.P. Titrimetric procedures. The charge transfer approach using TCNQ and DDQ procedures described in this paper is simple, fast, accurate, precise, and extraction-free

Angular Kinematics and Physical Fitness Analysis of Tall height and Short Height Javelin Throwers- A Case Study of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

This study was designed to compare the physical fitness and angular position of the university level javelin throwers. Eight tall height and (n = 08) short height javelin throwers were selected for data collection. A handgrip dynamometer, stadiometer, and weight balance were used for the measurements of physical fitness. Two video cameras a Kinovea software was utilized for video analysis of the Javelin throws. The selected variables were stature, body mass, standing broad jump, maximum bench press handgrip strength, the javelin throw distance. The angle of knee joint, elbow joints, and stride length was selected variables while performing the javelin throw. An independent t-test was applied to find mean difference among tall and short height javelin thrower. The result showed the distance of javelin throw, handgrip strength, maximum bench press, vertical jump, and standing broad jump of tall height throwers were significantly higher than short height javelin throwers. On the other hand, the tall height throwers were also significantly higher in extension of right elbow, right knee, and stride length than the short height at the time of the javelin release from hand. It was concluded the longer arms, body mass, and angular kinematics of javelin throwers are associated with the better performance. It is suggested the physical fitness would be include in the selection of javelin throw and angular movement of the right knee and elbow focused on training of javelin thrower

LECTURER’S STRATEGIES IN ENGLISH SPEAKING CLASS

This research aimed to reveal (1) what strategies were applied by lecturers in English speaking class, (2) how those strategies were applied and (3) to know the students’ perceptions toward the use of those strategies.This research employed qualitative grounded theory design. The subjects of the research were two non-native English lecturers who taught at the same private university in Makassar. The instruments of research were; observation, interview, and documents examination. The technique of data analysis adopted three series of codification of grounded theory approach; open coding, axial coding, and selective coding.The result of this research revealed five categories of strategies that applied by the two subjects. They were; (1) strategy of checking attendance, (2) strategy of seating arrangement, (3) strategy of teaching-learning activity, (4) strategy of correction and (5) strategy of assessment. Strategy of checking attendance, they were: numbering and one-off calling name; strategy of seating arrangement, they were: one-big circle, two circle, U-model, and island model; strategy of teaching-learning activity, they were: audio-based presentation, topic-based presentation, peer share idea, role play, discussion, and simulation; strategy of correction, they were: teacher correction and peer correction; and strategy of assessment, that was: performance-based assessment. In accordance with those strategies, the students raised perception that those strategies encouraged them to be good at speaking in terms of improving their confidence to share idea, vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.Keywords: Lecturer’s Strategy, Teaching Speaking, Perceptio