359 research outputs found
Endophytic Fungi of Bitter Melon \u3ci\u3e(Momordica Charantia)\u3c/i\u3e in Guangdong Province, China
Endophytic fungi can mutualistically interact with their host plants by deterring herbivores. Overall 1172 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of bitter melon, Momordica charantia, at five sites in Guangdong Province. These isolates were identified to 25 genera using morphological and molecular characteristics. The endophyte communities at the five sites were similar. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Nigrospora spp., Penicillium spp., Arthrinium spp., Chaetimium spp., Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Phoma spp., and Phomopsis spp. were isolated from at least three of the five sites. The coefficient of similarity for endophytes ranged from 60.6% to 83.3% between any two sites. There were significant differences in the species composition of endophytes recovered from different tissues of bitter melon. Fusarium spp. was the most frequent in root and stem samples, Colletotrichum spp. in leaf samples, A. alternata in flower samples, and Cladosporium spp. in fruit samples. The coefficients of similarity for endophytes were between 42.9% and 80.0% from any two tissues. We found that the composition of endophytes of bitter melon was relatively stable across sites, but differed greatly among tissues. We also found that there were fewer insects such as aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), leafminers (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), and cotton leafworms Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from the leaves of bitter melon at the Huadu site compared to those collected at the Yunfu site. Whether this is related to the endophyte communities isolated from different sites requires further research
Floquet Majorana fermions in driven hexagonal lattice systems
We propose Floquet chiral topological superconducting systems hosting Floquet
Majorana fermions, which consist of hexagonal lattices in proximity to
superconductors with shining circularly polarized light. Specially for bilayer
graphene system, we demonstrate that there exist three topological phases
determined by certain parameters, namely, the amplitude and frequency of the
induced light. The number of chiral Floquet Majorana edge states is confirmed
by calculating Chern number analytically and energy spectrum in ribbon
geometry. Moreover, this proposal is generalized to other hexagonal lattice
systems, such as monolayer graphene and silicene. Notably, the parameter range
of induced light to achieve the chiral Floquet Majorana edge states is
experimentally feasible, and the corresponding Floquet Majorana fermions can be
probed based on differential conductance using scanning tunneling spectroscopy.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Theory for charge and orbital density-wave states in manganite LaSrMnO
We investigate the high temperature phase of layered manganites, and
demonstrate that the charge-orbital phase transition without magnetic order in
LaSrMnO can be understood in terms of the density wave
instability. The orbital ordering is found to be induced by the nesting between
segments of Fermi surface with different orbital characters. The simultaneous
charge and orbital orderings are elaborated with a mean field theory. The
ordered orbitals are shown to be .Comment: published versio
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 4β-Triazole-podophyllotoxin Glycosides
AbstractThe objective of present study was to investigate the effect of various sounds on the green mustard’s (Brassica Juncea) morphology characteristic and productivity. The plant has been subjected to three various sound, namely classical music (rhythmic violin music), machine and traffic noise, and mixed sound (classical music and traffic noise) with 70-75 dB sound pressure level, from germination to harvest for three hours (7-10 am.) each day. Six parameters, i.e. germination, plant height, leaf width, leaf lenght, total plant lenght, and fresh weight, related with growth and productivity of plant were been monitored on regular basis.The results showed classical music improves germination up to 15% for 36 hours, plant height 13,5%, leaf width 14,8%, leaf length 14,2%, and wet weight 57,1%. In general, exposure to classical music gives thebest results on the morphological characteristics and productivity of green mustard.Keywords: Sound exposure, plant morphology , productivity, green mustardAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi efek paparan variasi suara terhadap karakteristik morfologi dan produktivitas tanaman sawi hijau. suara yang dipaparkan antara lain musik klasik (suara biola), bising lalu lintas dan mesin industri (noise) dan campuran antara musik klasik dan noise. Level suara yang digunakan berkisar antara 70-75 dB dimulai sejak masa perkecambahan hingga panen selama 3 jam tiap harinya dimulai pukul 07.00-10.00. Enam parameter yang diamati dan diambil datanya meliputi, daya berkecambah, tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, panjang daun, panjang tanaman total dan berat basah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa musik klasik meningkatkan daya berkecambah sebesar 15%, tinggi tanaman sebesar 13,5%, lebar daun sebesar 14,8%, panjang daun sebesar 14,2%, dan berat basah sebesar 57,1%. Secara umum paparan musik klasik memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap karakteristik morfologi dan produktivitas sawi hijau.Kata kunci: Paparan suara, morfologi, produktivitas, sawi hijauDiterima: 21 Oktober 2013;Disetujui: 28 Januari 201
Emergence of triplet orbital pairing and non-Abelian states in ultracold multi-orbital optical lattices with quadratic band touching
It is found that all the {\em singlet orbital pairing} instabilities are {\em
absent} in a class of spin-polarized multi-orbital systems with quadratic band
touching, which opens the way for {\em triplet orbital pairing} order. The
ground states are found to be {\em non-Abelian} states with p-wave orbital
pairing in checkerboard (away from 1/2 filling) and kagome (above 1/3 filling)
lattices with {\em isotropic} attractive interaction which can be realized in
ultracold multi-orbital optical lattices. The special property of such systems
is generalized to more classes of multi-orbital systems, where the fully-gapped
{\em non-Abelian} states are possibly the ground states. Those findings are
helpful in achieving topological quantum computation.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Epimedium brevicornu Maxim extract shows protective activity against Alzheimer's disease in mice
Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim extract (EBME) against Alzheimer's disease in 3xTg-AD mice.
Methods: The cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice was assessed using Morris water maze test. The levels of amyloid beta deposits and NeuN in the mouse hippocampus were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Brain neurotrophic-derived factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions were examined by western blot analysis.
Results: EBME treatment significantly ameliorated learning and memory deficits in AD mice, as shown by the increased time spent in the target zone during probe tests. Compared with the 3xTg-AD mice (8.4 ± 1.1 s), the escape latency in animals treated with 600 mg/kg EBME (21.5 ± 1.1 s) was significantly increased (p < 0.01). In addition, EBME significantly decreased Aβ deposits, increased NeuN-positive cells, and upregulated the expressions of BDNF (1.5 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) and TrkB (1.6 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) in the 3xTg AD mice.
Conclusion: EBME treatment may be a useful therapeutic strategy for managing memory impairment
Multitask quantum thermal machines and cooperative effects
Including phonon-assisted inelastic process in thermoelectric devices is able
to enhance the performance of nonequilibrium work extraction. In this work, we
demonstrate that inelastic phonon-thermoelectric devices have a fertile
functionality diagram, where particle current and phononic heat currents are
coupled and fueled by chemical potential difference. Such devices can
simultaneously perform multiple tasks, e.g., heat engines, refrigerators, and
heat pumps. Guided by the entropy production, we mainly study the efficiencies
and coefficients of performance of multitask quantum thermal machines, where
the roles of the inelastic scattering process and multiple biases in
multiterminal setups are emphasized. Specifically, in a three-terminal
double-quantum-dot setup with a tunable gate, we show that it efficiently
performs two useful tasks due to the phonon-assisted inelastic process.
Moreover, the cooperation between the longitudinal and transverse
thermoelectric effects in the three-terminal thermoelectric systems leads to
markedly improved performance of the thermal machines. While for the
four-terminal four-quantum-dot thermoelectric setup, we find that additional
thermodynamic affinity furnishes the system with both enriched functionality
and enhanced efficiency. Our work provides insights into optimizing
phonon-thermoelectric devices.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Seeing Differently, Acting Similarly: Imitation Learning with Heterogeneous Observations
In many real-world imitation learning tasks, the demonstrator and the learner
have to act in different but full observation spaces. This situation generates
significant obstacles for existing imitation learning approaches to work, even
when they are combined with traditional space adaptation techniques. The main
challenge lies in bridging expert's occupancy measures to learner's dynamically
changing occupancy measures under the different observation spaces. In this
work, we model the above learning problem as Heterogeneous Observations
Imitation Learning (HOIL). We propose the Importance Weighting with REjection
(IWRE) algorithm based on the techniques of importance-weighting, learning with
rejection, and active querying to solve the key challenge of occupancy measure
matching. Experimental results show that IWRE can successfully solve HOIL
tasks, including the challenging task of transforming the vision-based
demonstrations to random access memory (RAM)-based policies under the Atari
domain.Comment: 17 pages, 25 figure
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