Loads of Sewer Manholes within Mining Area

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the method of taking into account additional external horizontal loads acting on sewer manholes within mining areas, caused by the impact of horizontal strains on the subsurface soil layer.MethodsThe determination of the dependencies of the changes in the cross-sections of flexible manholes' riser pipes (with different circumferential stiffness) on the values of horizontal soil strains, based on laboratory tests.ResultsThe results include formulas for determining the values of external horizontal loads acting on sewer manholes within mining areas, in particular flexible manholes made of thermoplastics.Practical implicationsThe results will be used for the assessment of conditions in which sewer manholes can be used within mining areas – and will be beneficial when considering the following: design, protection and assessment of resistance to horizontal strains.Originality/ValueThe presented method is an original concept. It enables the determination of additional external horizontal loads acting on sewer manholes within mining areas, in particular the flexible manholes made of thermoplastics. It also enables the determination of dependencies of changes in the cross-sections of risers of flexible sewer manholes (with different circumferential stiffness) on the horizontal soil strains

STRATEGIA ORGANIZACJI ZBIOROWEGO ZARZĄDZANIA NA PRZYKŁADZIE ZWIĄZKU ARTYSTÓW SCEN POLSKICH

Niniejszy artykuł jest wynikiem ustaleń rzeczywistego stanu Związku Artystów Scen Polskich (ZASP) w zakresie strategicznym w obszarze Organizacji Zbiorowego Zarządzania (OZZ). Zamysłem autorki było pokazanie formalnych i rzeczywistych uregulowań, które w faktyczny sposób określają ramy działalności ZASP, definiując ją jako OZZ

The interactions of model cationic drug with newly synthesized starch derivatives

Background and purpose The aim of the work was to compare the interactions of three newly synthesized non-toxic starch derivatives, with varied anionic and non-ionic functional groups with methylene blue (MB) as a model cationic drug, and selection of starch derivative with highest affinity to the MB. Experimental approach The native potato starch (SN), modified via acetylation (SM1), esterification and crosslinking (SM2) and crosslinking (SM3), was evaluated in MB adsorption studies and assessed by FTIR, PXRD, and DSC. Key results The adsorption of MB on SM2 and SM3 matched the BET isotherm model, which confirmed physisorption on the low-porous surface. In the case of SM1, adsorption took place via electrostatic attraction between the heterogeneous adsorbent surface and the adsorbate, as demonstrated by the Freundlich plot. The FTIR confirmed vibrations assigned to N=C stretching bonds at 1600 cm-1 in the case of MB adsorbed on the SN and SM2. The most intense PXRD peaks belonged to SN and the least to SM2. In the DSC study, the thermal stability via ΔT was assessed, with SM2 of lowest ΔT value (179.8 °C). Conclusion SM2 presented the best adsorption capacity, followed by SM3 and the weakest SM1. The interactions were confirmed in the adsorption studies and may reflect applications of the modified starches as drug carriers. In the FTIR study, a probable interaction between the OH- groups of SM2 and N+ of MB was revealed. The most amorphous structure was shown for SM2, which was correlated with the lowest thermal stability provided by the DSC study

(Bio)degradable polymeric materials for sustainable future—Part 3: Degradation studies of the PHA/wood flour-based composites and preliminary tests of antimicrobial activity

© 2020 The Authors. Published by MDPI. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092200The need for a cost reduction of the materials derived from (bio)degradable polymers forces research development into the formation of biocomposites with cheaper fillers. As additives can be made using the post-consumer wood, generated during wood products processing, re-use of recycled waste materials in the production of biocomposites can be an environmentally friendly way to minimalize and/or utilize the amount of the solid waste. Also, bioactive materials, which possess small amounts of antimicrobial additives belong to a very attractive packaging industry solution. This paper presents a study into the biodegradation, under laboratory composting conditions, of the composites that consist of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)] and wood flour as a polymer matrix and natural filler, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the degradation progress of the obtained composites with different amounts of wood flour. The degradation products were characterized by multistage electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Also, preliminary tests of the antimicrobial activity of selected materials with the addition of nisin were performed. The obtained results suggest that the different amount of filler has a significant influence on the degradation profile.Published onlin

L.D. Reynolds, N.G. Wilson, „Skrybowie i uczeni. O tym, w jaki sposób antyczne teksty literackie przetrwały do naszych czasów”

Recenzja:L.D. Reynolds, N.G. Wilson, „Skrybowie i uczeni. O tym, w jaki sposób antyczne teksty literackie przetrwały do naszych czasów”Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 200

Sequential treatment of a patient with prostate cancer using radiation, hormonal and chemotherapy

W pracy przedstawiono opis chorego leczonego od 11 lat z powodu raka gruczołu krokowego. U pacjenta zastosowano terapię hormonalną, pierwotnie zalecono przyjmowanie analogu LHRH, następnie po 2 latach dołączono antyandrogen. W 2009 roku mężczyzna rozpoczął leczenie w ośrodku onkologicznym, w którym przebył radioterapię na obszar gruczołu krokowego i pęcherzyków nasiennych oraz kilkukrotne paliatywne napromienianie zmian przerzutowych w kościach. Po wykorzystaniu możliwości hormonoterapii i stwierdzeniu oporności nowotworu na kastrację u pacjenta zastosowano chemioterapię docetakselem. Od lutego 2012 roku chory otrzymuje octan abirateronu, uzyskując remisję markerową oraz kliniczną i radiologiczną stabilizację procesu. W tym okresie nie zaobserwowano istotnego pogorszenia stanu sprawności (ECOG PS 0–1), uzyskano zmniejszenie dolegliwości bólowych, a pacjent pozostał aktywny zawodowo.This article presents a patient with prostate cancer treated for 11 years. Primarily LHRH analogue was administered and an antiandrogen was added after 2 years. In 2009 the patient received prostate radiotherapy and then palliative irradiation of metastatic lesions in the bones. After finding castration-resistant prostate cancer, chemotherapy (docetaxel) was administered. Since February 2012 the patient has been receiving abiraterone acetate achieving marker and clinical remission as well as radiological stabilization. No significant deterioration in performance status (ECOG PS 0–1) is observed, moreover reduction in pain has been noted. The patient remains professionally active

Seasonal Variability of PM10 Chemical Composition Including 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, Marker of Plastic Combustion and Toxicity in Wadowice, South Poland

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the seasonal variation of the chemical composition of PM10 including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (135TPB), which is a well known marker of plastic combustion. The presented work is a part of the project concerning assessment of air quality of small cities around Krakow agglomeration. Monitoring campaign was conducted between February and October 2017 in Wadowice, a small city in Krakow agglomeration, South Poland. To widen the knowledge of Krakow's agglomeration air quality, other aerosol chemical components were analyzed. Ion chromatography (IC) was used for analysis of cations and anions, while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for PAHs. Samples were also analyzed for OC/EC (organic/elemental carbon) by thermal-optical analysis with a Sunset Laboratory carbon analyzer, Sunset Inc. The co-combustion of plastic in addition to conventional fuels and the respective impact on air quality is evaluated via the concentration of the marker compound 135TPB. Co-combustion of plastics with fuels resulted in a higher abundance of fluorene and most of 4–6 ring PAHs, in agreement with recent literature. Authors proved that other sources besides plastic burning, including road transport, residential heating, residential combustion, industrial emissions, affect the air quality in South Poland. The modeling tool Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT), developed by NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory, was used to define the possible areas outside Wadowice contributing to urban air pollution

The molecular level characterization of biodegradable polymers originated from polyethylene using non-oxygenated polyethylene wax as a carbon source for polyhydroxyalkanoate production

There is an increasing demand for bio-based polymers that are developed from recycled materials. The production of biodegradable polymers can include bio-technological (utilizing microorganisms or enzymes) or chemical synthesis procedures. This report demonstrates the corroboration of the molecular structure of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) obtained by the conversion of waste polyethylene (PE) via non-oxygenated PE wax (N-PEW) as an additional carbon source for a bacterial species. The N-PEW, obtained from a PE pyrolysis reaction, has been found to be a beneficial carbon source for PHA production with Cupriavidus necator H16. The production of the N-PEW is an alternative to oxidized polyethylene wax (O-PEW) (that has been used as a carbon source previously) as it is less time consuming to manufacture and offers fewer industrial applications. A range of molecular structural analytical techniques were performed on the PHAs obtained; which included nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Our study showed that the PHA formed from N-PEW contained 3-hydroxybutyrate (HB) with 11 mol% of 3-hydroxyvalerate (HV) units.This research was funded by the Research Investment Fund, University of Wolverhampton, Faculty of Science and Engineering, UK. This work was also partially supported under the EU 7FP BIOCLEAN Project, Contract No. 312100, “New biotechnological approaches for biodegrading and promoting the environmental biotransformation of synthetic polymeric materials