miR-377 Inhibits Proliferation and Differentiation of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Targeting FHL2

Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in skeletal muscle growth and development. miR-377 regulates many basic biological processes and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the function of miR-377 during skeletal muscle development and how it regulates skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) remains unclear. In the present study, we proposed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of miR-377 in the proliferation and differentiation of bovine primary SMSCs. Our results showed that miR-377 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of SMSCs. In addition, we found that miR-377 can reduce myotube formation and restrain skeletal myogenic differentiation. Moreover, the results obtained from the biosynthesis and dual luciferase experiments showed that FHL2 was the target gene of miR-377. We further probed the function of FHL2 in muscle development and found that FHL2 silencing significantly suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of SMSCS, which is contrary to the role of miR-377. Furthermore, FHL2 interacts with Dishevelled-2 (Dvl2) to enable Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, consequently regulating skeletal muscle development. miR-377 negatively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting FHL2-mediated Dvl2. Overall, these findings demonstrated that miR-377 regulates the bovine SMSCs proliferation and differentiation by targeting FHL2 and attenuating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Asie : Himalaya : Népal : Femme filant du tissu avec une hotte pour transporter l'eau

Légende manuscrite sur le document original : ''Tibétaine filant. Porte la hotte qui sera remplie d'eau. Cf. louche.'' Géolocalisation : approximative centrée sur le Népal

Assessment of Cultivation Method for Energy Beet Based on LCA Method

In order to establish a supply system for energy resource coupled with the environment, the production technology of sugar beets was explored as a biological energy source. The low-humic andosol as the experimental soil, the panting method was direct planting, and cultivation technique was minimum tillage direct planting method. The control was conventional tillage transplant and no tillage direct planting. The results demonstrated that data revealed that the energy cost of no tillage and a direct planting method was 105 GJ/hm2 on average for two years, while that of the conventional tillage method was 112 GJ/hm2 per year. The ratio of output to input showed that the direct planting with no tillage was more efficient (3.61) than the conventional tillage (3.01). Moreover, the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere with no tillage and the direct planting was 71% of the conventional tillage planting technique. Therefore, direct planting without tillage reduces the impact on the environment

Structural development of the nutrient transfer tissues in different waxy wheat grain

In the developing wheat grain, nutrients from the spikelet axis are delivered to the endosperm via the nutrient transfer tissues (NTTs). Knowledge of the NTTs development is paramount to understanding the accumulation of starch and protein in wheat grain. In this study, two near-isogenic lines including ‘Shimai19-P’ and ‘Shimai19-N’ and a wheat cultivar ‘Shimai19’ were used to analyze the anatomical structure of the large vascular bundle, chalaza, nucellar projection, and the small vascular bundle in wheat grains at 0–20 days after pollination (DAP) using paraffin sectioning and semi-thin sectioning techniques. The phloem sieve tubes reached the maximal number at 4 DAP in ‘Shimai19-P’ and ‘Shimai19’; however, phloem sieve tubes of ‘Shimai19-N’ reached the maximum number at 6 DAP. The transverse section areas of the small vascular bundles of ‘Shimai19-N’ and ‘Shimai19-P’ reached the highest value at 8 DAP, while the sieve tubes and parenchyma cells in the small vascular vessels decreased significantly. At 12 DAP, nuclei of the chalazal cells in the three wheat varieties began gradually disappearing, with the most apparent changes reported in ‘Shimai19-N’. In conclusion, there was significant variation in the formation of sieve tubes and vessels in large vascular bundles, the disappearance of chalazal cell nuclei, and the transverse section area of small vascular bundles in different waxy wheat grains, which is considered as the important morphological and anatomical basis for the difference of wheat starch and nutrients accumulation

POSH Localizes Activated Rac1 to Control the Formation of Cytoplasmic Dilation of the Leading Process and Neuronal Migration

The formation of proximal cytoplasmic dilation in the leading process (PCDLP) of migratory neocortical neurons is crucial for somal translocation and neuronal migration, processes that require the elaborate coordination of F-actin dynamics, centrosomal movement, and nucleokinesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the Rac1-interacting scaffold protein POSH is essential for neuronal migration in vivo. We demonstrate that POSH is concentrated in the PCDLP and that knockdown of POSH impairs PCDLP formation, centrosome translocation, and nucleokinesis. Furthermore, POSH colocalizes with F-actin and the activated form of Rac1. Knockdown of POSH impairs F-actin assembly and delocalizes activated Rac1. Interference of Rac1 activity also disrupts F-actin assembly and PCDLP formation and perturbs neuronal migration. Thus, we have uncovered a mechanism by which POSH regulates the localization of activated Rac1 and F-actin assembly to control PCDLP formation and subsequent somal translocation of migratory neurons

A Novel Multistrategy-Based Differential Evolution Algorithm and Its Application

To address the poor searchability, population diversity, and slow convergence speed of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in solving capacitated vehicle routing problems (CVRP), a new multistrategy-based differential evolution algorithm with the saving mileage algorithm, sequential encoding, and gravitational search algorithm, namely SEGDE, is proposed to solve CVRP in this paper. Firstly, an optimization model of CVRP with the shortest total vehicle routing is established. Then, the saving mileage algorithm is employed to initialize the population of the DE to improve the initial solution quality and the search efficiency. The sequential encoding approach is used to adjust the differential mutation strategy to legalize the current solution and ensure its effectiveness. Finally, the gravitational search algorithm is applied to calculate the gravitational relationship between points to effectively adjust the evolutionary search direction and further improve the search efficiency. Four CVRPs are selected to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SEGDE algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed SEGDE algorithm can effectively solve the CVRPs and obtain the ideal vehicle routing. It adopts better search speed, global optimization ability, routing length, and stability

A Novel Multistrategy-Based Differential Evolution Algorithm and Its Application

To address the poor searchability, population diversity, and slow convergence speed of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm in solving capacitated vehicle routing problems (CVRP), a new multistrategy-based differential evolution algorithm with the saving mileage algorithm, sequential encoding, and gravitational search algorithm, namely SEGDE, is proposed to solve CVRP in this paper. Firstly, an optimization model of CVRP with the shortest total vehicle routing is established. Then, the saving mileage algorithm is employed to initialize the population of the DE to improve the initial solution quality and the search efficiency. The sequential encoding approach is used to adjust the differential mutation strategy to legalize the current solution and ensure its effectiveness. Finally, the gravitational search algorithm is applied to calculate the gravitational relationship between points to effectively adjust the evolutionary search direction and further improve the search efficiency. Four CVRPs are selected to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SEGDE algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed SEGDE algorithm can effectively solve the CVRPs and obtain the ideal vehicle routing. It adopts better search speed, global optimization ability, routing length, and stability

Active-oxygenating hollow Prussian blue nanosystems loaded with biomacromolecules for photodynamic/photothermal therapy of cancer and alleviating hypoxic tumors

Such is the hypoxia in solid tumor that Ⅱ-type photodynamic therapy (PDT) has not yet achieved significantly satisfactory consequences. Despite the rapid advancement in nanotechnology-based PDT for alleviating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, several challenges persist. These include inefficient passive oxygen-supply mechanisms, low stability of oxygen-delivery nanosystems, and the complexity of their modification processes. To address these issues, we developed integrative nanoformulations (HHI NPs) by sequentially inserting biomacromolecule hemoglobin (Hb) and IR783 (photosensitizer) into hollow mesoporous Prussian blue (HPB NPs) through a straightforward and gentle diffusion method. Intriguingly, the resulting hybrid nanocomposites based on hollow mesoporous structure provided stability of biomacromolecule Hb, ensuring active and efficient oxygen delivery. In these nanosystems, HHI NPs equipped with high oxygen-carrying Hb efficiently generated reactive oxygen species over HepG2 cells cultured in hypoxic condition under NIR irradiation. Additionally, HPB NPs served not only as nanocarriers but also as photothermal agents exhibiting excellent photothermal conversion effects. which were beneficial for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. HHI NPs co-loaded with Hb and IR783 not only actively relieved the hypoxic TME through the stable protection of the hollow structure from HPB NPs, but also achieve the significant synergistic therapy by combining PDT and PTT for tumor treatment