3,127 research outputs found
Identification of genes that are essential to restrict genome duplication to once per cell division.
Nuclear genome duplication is normally restricted to once per cell division, but aberrant events that allow excess DNA replication (EDR) promote genomic instability and aneuploidy, both of which are characteristics of cancer development. Here we provide the first comprehensive identification of genes that are essential to restrict genome duplication to once per cell division. An siRNA library of 21,584 human genes was screened for those that prevent EDR in cancer cells with undetectable chromosomal instability. Candidates were validated by testing multiple siRNAs and chemical inhibitors on both TP53+ and TP53- cells to reveal the relevance of this ubiquitous tumor suppressor to preventing EDR, and in the presence of an apoptosis inhibitor to reveal the full extent of EDR. The results revealed 42 genes that prevented either DNA re-replication or unscheduled endoreplication. All of them participate in one or more of eight cell cycle events. Seventeen of them have not been identified previously in this capacity. Remarkably, 14 of the 42 genes have been shown to prevent aneuploidy in mice. Moreover, suppressing a gene that prevents EDR increased the ability of the chemotherapeutic drug Paclitaxel to induce EDR, suggesting new opportunities for synthetic lethalities in the treatment of human cancers
Estimating Effectiveness of Identifying Human Trafficking via Data Envelopment Analysis
Transit monitoring is a preventative approach used to identify possible cases
of human trafficking while an individual is in transit or before one crosses a
border. Transit monitoring is often conducted by non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) who train staff to identify and intercept suspicious activity. Love
Justice International (LJI) is one such NGO that has been conducting transit
monitoring for 14 years along the Nepal-India border at approximately 25-30
monitoring stations. In partnership with LJI, we developed a system that uses
data envelopment analysis (DEA) to help LJI decision-makers evaluate the
performance of these stations and make specific operational improvement
recommendations. We identified efficient stations, compared rankings of station
performance, and recommended strategies to improve efficiency. To the best of
our knowledge, this is the first application of DEA in the anti-human
trafficking domain
Generation of continuous variable squeezing and entanglement of trapped ions in time-varying potentials
We investigate the generation of squeezing and entanglement for the motional
degrees of freedom of ions in linear traps, confined by time-varying and
oscillating potentials, comprised of an DC and an AC component. We show that
high degrees of squeezing and entanglement can be obtained by controlling
either the DC or the AC trapping component (or both), and by exploiting
transient dynamics in regions where the ions' motion is unstable, without any
added optical control. Furthermore, we investigate the time-scales over which
the potentials should be switched in order for the manipulations to be most
effective.Comment: 10 pages, submitted to Quantum Information Processing (special issue
on Quantum Decoherence and Entanglement
Parallax of OGLE-2018-BLG-0596: A Low-mass-ratio Planet around an M-dwarf
We report the discovery of a microlensing planet
OGLE-2018-BLG-0596Lb, with preferred planet-host mass ratio . The planetary signal, which is characterized by a short "bump" on the rising side of the lensing light curve, was densely
covered by ground-based surveys. We find that the signal can be explained by a
bright source that fully envelops the planetary caustic, i.e., a "Hollywood"
geometry. Combined with the source proper motion measured from , the
satellite parallax measurement makes it possible to precisely
constrain the lens physical parameters. The preferred solution, in which the
planet perturbs the minor image due to lensing by the host, yields a
Uranus-mass planet with a mass of orbiting
a mid M-dwarf with a mass of . There is also
a second possible solution that is substantially disfavored but cannot be ruled
out, for which the planet perturbs the major image. The latter solution yields
and . By
combining the microlensing and data together with a Galactic model, we
find in either case that the lens lies on the near side of the Galactic bulge
at a distance . Future adaptive optics
observations may decisively resolve the major image/minor image degeneracy.Comment: 34 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to AAS journa
Genome wide association mapping of grain arsenic, copper, molybdenum and zinc in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown at four international field sites
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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