Effect of different plants on azo-dye wastewater bio-decolorization

AbstractTwo salt-tolerant plants (Medicago sativa L. and Sesbania cannabina Pers) as well as a kind of salt-tolerant azo-dye decolorization bacteria GTY (Gracilibacillus sp.GTY) were selected to treat acid red B or acid scarlet GR contaminated water. Results showed that Medicago sativa L. was more tolerant to the azo dyes and more helpful in promoting the azo-dye wastewater bio-decoloration than Sesbania cannabina Pers, but GTY density was higher in the root exudates of Sesbania cannabina Pers than that of Medicago sativa L. This indicated that the increase of GTY density only partially presented the azo-dye decolorization promoted by plants

Discrete Multi-modal Hashing with Canonical Views for Robust Mobile Landmark Search

Mobile landmark search (MLS) recently receives increasing attention for its great practical values. However, it still remains unsolved due to two important challenges. One is high bandwidth consumption of query transmission, and the other is the huge visual variations of query images sent from mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a novel hashing scheme, named as canonical view based discrete multi-modal hashing (CV-DMH), to handle these problems via a novel three-stage learning procedure. First, a submodular function is designed to measure visual representativeness and redundancy of a view set. With it, canonical views, which capture key visual appearances of landmark with limited redundancy, are efficiently discovered with an iterative mining strategy. Second, multi-modal sparse coding is applied to transform visual features from multiple modalities into an intermediate representation. It can robustly and adaptively characterize visual contents of varied landmark images with certain canonical views. Finally, compact binary codes are learned on intermediate representation within a tailored discrete binary embedding model which preserves visual relations of images measured with canonical views and removes the involved noises. In this part, we develop a new augmented Lagrangian multiplier (ALM) based optimization method to directly solve the discrete binary codes. We can not only explicitly deal with the discrete constraint, but also consider the bit-uncorrelated constraint and balance constraint together. Experiments on real world landmark datasets demonstrate the superior performance of CV-DMH over several state-of-the-art methods

SProtP: A Web Server to Recognize Those Short-Lived Proteins Based on Sequence-Derived Features in Human Cells

Protein turnover metabolism plays important roles in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and differentiation. Those proteins with short half-lives are involved in various regulatory processes. To better understand the regulation of cell process, it is important to study the key sequence-derived factors affecting short-lived protein degradation. Until now, most of protein half-lives are still unknown due to the difficulties of traditional experimental methods in measuring protein half-lives in human cells. To investigate the molecular determinants that affect short-lived proteins, a computational method was proposed in this work to recognize short-lived proteins based on sequence-derived features in human cells. In this study, we have systematically analyzed many features that perhaps correlated with short-lived protein degradation. It is found that a large fraction of proteins with signal peptides and transmembrane regions in human cells are of short half-lives. We have constructed an SVM-based classifier to recognize short-lived proteins, due to the fact that short-lived proteins play pivotal roles in the control of various cellular processes. By employing the SVM model on human dataset, we achieved 80.8% average sensitivity and 79.8% average specificity, respectively, on ten testing dataset (TE1-TE10). We also obtained 89.9%, 99% and 83.9% of average accuracy on an independent validation datasets iTE1, iTE2 and iTE3 respectively. The approach proposed in this paper provides a valuable alternative for recognizing the short-lived proteins in human cells, and is more accurate than the traditional N-end rule. Furthermore, the web server SProtP (http://reprod.njmu.edu.cn/sprotp) has been developed and is freely available for users

Etude expérimentale de quelques paramètres affectant la dissipation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans la rhizosphère de plantes mycorhizées

PAHs are among the most problematic substances as they could accumulate in the environment and threaten the development of living organisms because of their acute toxicity, mutagenicity or carcinogenity. Among remediation techniques for PAH contaminated sites, phytoremediation has been recognized as a promising method owing to its economical and ecological benefits. However, due to the recalcitrant nature of PAH, multivariate and changeful environment factors, this technique is still limited in terms of effectiveness, especially when dealing with high molecular weight PAHs. Inoculation of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which are ubiquitous in natural and most anthropogenically influenced soils, is known to benefit PAH phytoremediation. However, diverging results were reported on PAH dissipation in plant rhizosphere and the parameters affecting the AM fungi assisted PAH phytoremediation needed more investigation. Some of these parameters were considered in the present work: plant species, AM fungi species, phosphorus nutrition and watering regimes, PAH type, availability and interactions between PAHs. Experiments were performed in pot cultures and in microplates, with different plant species (including alfalfa, tall fescue, ryegrass and celery roots), two AM fungi (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae) and three kinds of PAHs (phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR) and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA)), spiked to a soil. PAH molecular weight was a major parameter influencing PAH phytoremediation. With the increase of PAH molecular weight, the culturable PAH degraders decreased, so did the efficiency of phytoremediation. PHE decreased the plant biomass and AM fungi colonization, but it increased the DBA dissipation in both pot and microplate experiments. PYR did not increase DBA dissipation, and addition of PYR into PHE+DBA substrate decreased both PHE and DBA dissipation. PAH phytoremediation efficiency varied with the plant and AM fungi species. Although all four species of plants increased the disappearance of PHE, only alfalfa showed a positive effect on high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. Glomus intraradices increased the plant biomass and phosphorus uptake of plants, and it also increased DBA dissipation in DBA or PHE+PYR+DBA spiked soil. Co-planted alfalfa and tall fescue colonized with Glomus mosseae obtained higher biomass and the concentration of the PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were significant higher, than with Glomus intraradices, but Glomus mosseae showed no or negative effect on DBA phytoremediation. The phosphorus concentration and water regime also influenced the AM fungus colonization and PAH dissipation. The highest AM colonization and a significant positive impact of mycorrhizal plants on the dissipation of DBA was detected in high-water and low-phosphorus treatment. Results indicated that complex interactions between plants, microorganisms and soil control the fate on PAHs. All the studied parameters significantly affected PAH dissipation in plant rhizosphere, and should be considered for controlling and improving phytoremediation efficiencyLes HAP sont parmi les substances les plus problématiques parce qu'ils ont un fort pouvoir cancérigène, mutagène et ont, par conséquent, des effets nocifs pour la santé humaine. Parmi les techniques de remédiation des sols contaminés par des HAP, la phytoremédiation a été reconnue comme une méthode prometteuse en raison de ses avantages économiques et écologiques. Toutefois, en raison de la nature récalcitrante des HAP, et de facteurs environnementaux difficile à maîtriser, cette technique est encore limitée en termes d'efficacité, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de HAP de poids moléculaires élevés. L'inoculation des plantes avec des champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (MA), qui sont omniprésents dans la plupart des sols naturels et anthropiques, est connue pour favoriser l'élimination des HAP. Cependant, des résultats variables ont été rapportés quant à l'effet des plantes et des microorganisms associés notamment les champignons MA, sur la phytoremédiation des HAP et nécessite des études complémentaires. Des expériences été réalisées dans des cultures en pot et en microplaques, pour étudier l'influence de certains paramètres sur la dissipation des HAP dans la rhizosphère: l'espèce végétale, l'espèce fongique, la nutrition minérale, la nature des HAP, leur disponibilité et les interactions entre HAP. Quatre espèces de plantes (luzerne, fétuque élevée, ray-grass et céleri) et deux espèces de champignons MA (Glomus intraradices et Glomus mosseae) ont été testées dans un sol artificiellement contaminé avec trois HAP: le phénanthrène (PHE), le pyrène (PYR) et le dibenzo[a, h] anthracène (DBA). Le poids moléculaire des HAP est un facteur majeur influencant leur élimination. Lorsque le poids moléculaire des HAP était plus élevé, le nombre de bactéries dégradantes cultivables était plus faible, et l'efficacité de la phytoremédiation des HAP limitée. La présence de PHE a diminué la biomasse végétale et la colonisation mycorhizienne, mais il a augmenté la dissipation du DBA par co-métabolisme dans les expériences en pots et en microplaques. En revanche, cet effet n'a pas été observé entre le PYR et le DBA . La dissipation des HAP a varié avec les espèces de plantes et de champignons MA. Bien que les quatre espèces de plantes aient augmenté l'élimination du PHE, seule la luzerne a montré des effets positifs sur la phytoremédiation du DBA. Glomus intraradices a augmenté la biomasse végétale et l'absorption du phosphore par des plantes, et il a également augmenté la dissipation du DBA. Lorsque la co-culture de luzerne et fétuque était colonisée par Glomus mosseae, la biomasse obtenue était plus élevée, et la concentration des gènes de HAP-dioxygénase était significativement plus élevée qu'avec Glomus intraradices. Mais Glomus mosseae n'a montré aucun effet significatif sur la phytoremédiation du DBA. Ainsi cet effet des champignons MA sur la dissipation des HAP n'est pas seulement un effet biomasse. La concentration de phosphore et le régime d'alimentation en eau ont également influencé la colonisation mycorhizienne et la dissipation des HAP. Ainsi la dissipation du DBA en présence de plantes était significativement plus élevée que dans les témoins non plantés lorsque la teneur en eau était élevée et celle en phosphore plus faible, ce qui correspondait à la situation où le taux de mycorhization des plantes était le plus élevé. L'ensemble de ces résultats souligne la complexité des interactions entre plantes, microorganismes et polluants dans les sols. Ils montrent que tous les paramètres considérés affectent significativement la dissipation des HAP dans la rhizosphère des plantes, et méritent d'être pris en compte pour contrôler et améliorer la phytoremédiatio

Etude expérimentale de quelques paramètres affectant la dissipation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) dans la rhizosphère de plantes mycorhizées

Les HAP sont parmi les substances les plus problématiques parce qu'ils ont un fort pouvoir cancérigène, mutagène et ont, par conséquent, des effets nocifs pour la santé humaine. Parmi les techniques de remédiation des sols contaminés par des HAP, la phytoremédiation a été reconnue comme une méthode prometteuse en raison de ses avantages économiques et écologiques. Toutefois, en raison de la nature récalcitrante des HAP, et de facteurs environnementaux difficile à maîtriser, cette technique est encore limitée en termes d'efficacité, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de HAP de poids moléculaires élevés. L'inoculation des plantes avec des champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules (MA), qui sont omniprésents dans la plupart des sols naturels et anthropiques, est connue pour favoriser l'élimination des HAP. Cependant, des résultats variables ont été rapportés quant à l'effet des plantes et des microorganisms associés notamment les champignons MA, sur la phytoremédiation des HAP et nécessite des études complémentaires. Des expériences été réalisées dans des cultures en pot et en microplaques, pour étudier l'influence de certains paramètres sur la dissipation des HAP dans la rhizosphère: l'espèce végétale, l'espèce fongique, la nutrition minérale, la nature des HAP, leur disponibilité et les interactions entre HAP. Quatre espèces de plantes (luzerne, fétuque élevée, ray-grass et céleri) et deux espèces de champignons MA (Glomus intraradices et Glomus mosseae) ont été testées dans un sol artificiellement contaminé avec trois HAP: le phénanthrène (PHE), le pyrène (PYR) et le dibenzo[a, h] anthracène (DBA). Le poids moléculaire des HAP est un facteur majeur influencant leur élimination. Lorsque le poids moléculaire des HAP était plus élevé, le nombre de bactéries dégradantes cultivables était plus faible, et l'efficacité de la phytoremédiation des HAP limitée. La présence de PHE a diminué la biomasse végétale et la colonisation mycorhizienne, mais il a augmenté la dissipation du DBA par co-métabolisme dans les expériences en pots et en microplaques. En revanche, cet effet n'a pas été observé entre le PYR et le DBA . La dissipation des HAP a varié avec les espèces de plantes et de champignons MA. Bien que les quatre espèces de plantes aient augmenté l'élimination du PHE, seule la luzerne a montré des effets positifs sur la phytoremédiation du DBA. Glomus intraradices a augmenté la biomasse végétale et l'absorption du phosphore par des plantes, et il a également augmenté la dissipation du DBA. Lorsque la co-culture de luzerne et fétuque était colonisée par Glomus mosseae, la biomasse obtenue était plus élevée, et la concentration des gènes de HAP-dioxygénase était significativement plus élevée qu'avec Glomus intraradices. Mais Glomus mosseae n'a montré aucun effet significatif sur la phytoremédiation du DBA. Ainsi cet effet des champignons MA sur la dissipation des HAP n'est pas seulement un effet biomasse. La concentration de phosphore et le régime d'alimentation en eau ont également influencé la colonisation mycorhizienne et la dissipation des HAP. Ainsi la dissipation du DBA en présence de plantes était significativement plus élevée que dans les témoins non plantés lorsque la teneur en eau était élevée et celle en phosphore plus faible, ce qui correspondait à la situation où le taux de mycorhization des plantes était le plus élevé. L'ensemble de ces résultats souligne la complexité des interactions entre plantes, microorganismes et polluants dans les sols. Ils montrent que tous les paramètres considérés affectent significativement la dissipation des HAP dans la rhizosphère des plantes, et méritent d'être pris en compte pour contrôler et améliorer la phytoremédiationPAHs are among the most problematic substances as they could accumulate in the environment and threaten the development of living organisms because of their acute toxicity, mutagenicity or carcinogenity. Among remediation techniques for PAH contaminated sites, phytoremediation has been recognized as a promising method owing to its economical and ecological benefits. However, due to the recalcitrant nature of PAH, multivariate and changeful environment factors, this technique is still limited in terms of effectiveness, especially when dealing with high molecular weight PAHs. Inoculation of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which are ubiquitous in natural and most anthropogenically influenced soils, is known to benefit PAH phytoremediation. However, diverging results were reported on PAH dissipation in plant rhizosphere and the parameters affecting the AM fungi assisted PAH phytoremediation needed more investigation. Some of these parameters were considered in the present work: plant species, AM fungi species, phosphorus nutrition and watering regimes, PAH type, availability and interactions between PAHs. Experiments were performed in pot cultures and in microplates, with different plant species (including alfalfa, tall fescue, ryegrass and celery roots), two AM fungi (Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae) and three kinds of PAHs (phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR) and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA)), spiked to a soil. PAH molecular weight was a major parameter influencing PAH phytoremediation. With the increase of PAH molecular weight, the culturable PAH degraders decreased, so did the efficiency of phytoremediation. PHE decreased the plant biomass and AM fungi colonization, but it increased the DBA dissipation in both pot and microplate experiments. PYR did not increase DBA dissipation, and addition of PYR into PHE+DBA substrate decreased both PHE and DBA dissipation. PAH phytoremediation efficiency varied with the plant and AM fungi species. Although all four species of plants increased the disappearance of PHE, only alfalfa showed a positive effect on high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. Glomus intraradices increased the plant biomass and phosphorus uptake of plants, and it also increased DBA dissipation in DBA or PHE+PYR+DBA spiked soil. Co-planted alfalfa and tall fescue colonized with Glomus mosseae obtained higher biomass and the concentration of the PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were significant higher, than with Glomus intraradices, but Glomus mosseae showed no or negative effect on DBA phytoremediation. The phosphorus concentration and water regime also influenced the AM fungus colonization and PAH dissipation. The highest AM colonization and a significant positive impact of mycorrhizal plants on the dissipation of DBA was detected in high-water and low-phosphorus treatment. Results indicated that complex interactions between plants, microorganisms and soil control the fate on PAHs. All the studied parameters significantly affected PAH dissipation in plant rhizosphere, and should be considered for controlling and improving phytoremediation efficiencyNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Inter-disciplinary study on open source software development in developing countries : a case study of Chinese Linux

This research provides a detailed account of Open Source Software (OSS) development in the context of developing countries (DCs) by exploring the specific case of Chinese indigenous Linux design and development. It builds an interdisciplinary, socio-technical, analytical framework from the perspective of science and technology studies (STS), in particular the social shaping of technology (SST), infrastructural studies and international technology transfer. It also covers the fields of economic analysis, policy studies and development studies. The research investigates the adaptation process of a unique OSS with infrastructural features – Linux in the context of China by conducting case studies on both embedded Linux and platform Linux products developed by two Chinese Linux providers. Drawing upon the concepts developed in the SST perspective and infrastructural studies, this research addresses both the dynamism and continuity of OSS. In order to avoid the shortcomings of existing social scientific study on OSS, we applied social and biography of artefacts (BoA) approaches to examine the evolution of Chinese Linux by mapping out the key actors, investigating the linkages between them, and probing deeply into the intricate interplays among these actors over time. A detailed longitudinal and contextual analysis has been undertaken through a qualitative historical case study of the evolution of both Chinese embedded Linux and platform Linux from 1998-2008. The empirical data reveals that the local adaptation and further innovation of Chinese Linux is a ‘generification’ process, i.e. a process of design and developing generic Linux solutions for diverse local users. Theoretically, the understanding of the socio-technical interfaces of the software (seeking, identifying, categorising local users/intermediaries, as well as collaborating with key players associated with the particular software) are central elements for software technology transfer and local technological capabilities building. The findings also throw the light on the crucial importance of government role in providing incentives and institutional measures for Linux adaptation in China. In particular, it highlights the challenges concerning the socio-technical specificities of infrastructural software, like Linux OS (operating system) and the particular relevance to DCs as technology adapters. Finally, this study throws light on the policy and practice for China’s future Linux development, and the implications for other DCs.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo