Simulation of Particle Mixing and Separation in Multi-Component Fluidized Bed Using Eulerian-Eulerian Method: A Review

In practical engineering applications, the mixing and separation behavior of multi-component particles is importance to the fluidized bed operation. The development of many practical processes is inseparable from the knowledge of particle mixing and separation, such as material processing of ash-soluble coal gasification, multi-phase flow in boilers, and petrochemical catalytic processes. In recent years, due to the obvious advantages of the Eulerian–Eulerian model, many researchers at home and abroad have used it to study the mixing and separation behavior of particles. The paper reviews the use of Eulerian–Eulerian model to study the mixing and separation of multi-component particles in fluidized beds. The Eulerian–Eulerian model describes the gas-phase and each of the individual particles as continuums. The mechanism of particle mixing and separation, the influence of different factors on the particle mixing and separation including differences in particle size and density, the differences in apparent air velocity, the differences in model factors are discussed. Finally, an outlook for the use of Eulerian–Eulerian model to study the mixing and separation behavior of three component particles and related research on the drag model between particles

A Broadband Dual-polarized Capped Bow-tie 2 72 Antenna Array for 28 GHz Band in 5G Systems

With the development of the fifth generation (5G) communications, dual-polarization base station antennas have increasingly attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, a broadband high-gain efficiency dual-polarization polarized capped bow-tie antenna with parasitic directorsarray is presented. Simulation results show that the bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 24-36.8 GHz, with its return loss better than 10 dB and the stable coverage. The directivities vary from 8 to 12dBi and the relative cross-polar level is below -10dB over the most of band. It has a simple and compact structure, and is ready to be extended for an large array antennas with massive MIMO performance used in 5G communications

A Broadband Dual-polarized Capped Bow-tie 2x2 Antenna Array for 28 GHz Band in 5G Systems

With the development of the fifth generation (5G) communications, dual-polarization base station antennas have increasingly attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, a broadband high-efficiency dual-polarized capped bow-tie antenna array is presented. Simulation results show that the bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 24-36.8 GHz, with its return loss better than 10 dB and the stable coverage. The directivities vary from 8 to 12dBi and the relative cross-polar level is below -10dB over the most of band. It has a simple and compact structure, and is ready to be extended for large array antennas with massive MIMO performance used in 5G communications

PLOD1 contributes to proliferation and glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating E2F1

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of procollagen-lysine 1,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 (PLOD1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: HCC cells were subjected to loss of function assays via transfection with siRNA targeting PLOD1. Colony formation and cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) were used to determine cell proliferation. Cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry while extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) levels, glucose consumption, and lactate production were determined to investigate aerobic glycolysis. Results: PLOD1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues and cells compared to normal tissues and cells (p < 0.001). Silencing of PLOD1 significantly repressed cell proliferation (p < 0.001) and induced cell cycle arrest in HCC at the G1 phase. ECAR levels, glucose consumption, and lactate production in HCC were reduced by knockdown of PLOD1. Loss of PLOD1 down-regulated the expression of E2F1, while over-expression of E2F1 attenuated PLOD1 knockdown-induced decreases in cell viability, glucose consumption, and lactate production in HCC. Conclusion: Knockdown of PLOD1 inhibits cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis in HCC via down-regulation of E2F1. Thus, PLOD1 may help in developing an effective strategy for the management of liver cancer

A methodological framework for identifying potential sources of soil heavy metal pollution based on machine learning: a case study in the Yangtze Delta, China

It is a great challenge to identify the many and varied sources of soil heavy metal pollution. Often little information is available regarding the anthropogenic factors and enterprises that could potentially pollute soils. In this study we use freely available geographical data from a search engine in conjunction with machine learning methodologies to identify and classify potentially polluting enterprises in the Yangtze Delta, China. The data were classified into 31 separate and five integrated industry types by five different machine learning approaches. Multinomial naive Bayesian methods achieved an accuracy of 86.5% and Kappa coefficient of 0.82 and were used to classify the geographic data from more than 250 000 enterprises. The relationship between the different industry classes and measurements of soil cadmium and mercury concentrations was explored using bivariate local Moran's I analysis. The analysis revealed areas where different industry classes had led to soil pollution. In the case of cadmium, elevated concentrations also occurred in some areas because of natural sources. This study provides a new approach to investigate the interaction between anthropogenic pollution and natural sources of soil heavy metals to inform pollution control and planning decisions regarding the location of industrial sites

Structure, morphology and magnetic properties of flowerlike gamma-Fe2O3@NiO core/shell nanocomposites synthesized from different precursor concentrations

The flowerlike gamma-Fe2O3@NiO core/shell nanocomposites are synthesized by the two-step method. Their structure and morphology can be controlled by tuning the precursor concentration. Microstructural analysis reveals that all the samples have distinct core/shell structure without impurities, and the NiO shells are built of many irregular nanosheets which enclose the surface of gamma-Fe2O3 core. As the precursor concentration decreases (i.e., more NiO content), the NiO grain grows significantly, and the thickness of NiO shells increases. Magnetic experiments are performed to analyze the influences of different microstructures on magnetic properties of samples and we have the following two results. First, at 5 K, along with increasing thickness of NiO shell, the saturation magnetization increases, while the residual magnetization decreases slightly. Second, the hysteresis loops under cooling field demonstrate that the value of exchange bias effect fluctuates between 13 Oe and 17 Oe. This is mainly because of the NiO shell that (i) is composed of irregular nanosheets with disordered orientations, and (ii) does not form a complete coating around gamma-Fe2O3 core

Experiments on bright field and dark field high energy electron imaging with thick target material

Using a high energy electron beam for the imaging of high density matter with both high spatial-temporal and areal density resolution under extreme states of temperature and pressure is one of the critical challenges in high energy density physics . When a charged particle beam passes through an opaque target, the beam will be scattered with a distribution that depends on the thickness of the material. By collecting the scattered beam either near or off axis, so-called bright field or dark field images can be obtained. Here we report on an electron radiography experiment using 45 MeV electrons from an S-band photo-injector, where scattered electrons, after interacting with a sample, are collected and imaged by a quadrupole imaging system. We achieved a few micrometers (about 4 micrometers) spatial resolution and about 10 micrometers thickness resolution for a silicon target of 300-600 micron thickness. With addition of dark field images that are captured by selecting electrons with large scattering angle, we show that more useful information in determining external details such as outlines, boundaries and defects can be obtained.Comment: 7pages, 7 figure