手机领域的口译：以小米公司手机发 布会为例

En la actualidad, la cuota de los teléfonos inteligentes fabricados en China（Made in China）en los mercados español y latinoamericano está incrementando, y con ello también han aumentado las conversaciones entre China y los países hispanohablantes sobre el hardware, el rendimiento y otros aspectos de los teléfonos inteligentes. El objetivo principal de este Trabajo de Fin de Máster es ayudar a los intérpretes a realizar una interpretación de calidad en las negociaciones comerciales entre los proveedores chinos y los distribuidores españoles, o en las ruedas de prensa de lanzamiento de un nuevo producto, que son generales y frecuentes cuando las marcas chinas de teléfonos móviles (tomando Xiaomi como ejemplo) entran en el mercado hispanohablante. Para poder introducir con precisión y rapidez las características de varios tipos de móviles en la interpretación, es necesario consultar la información correspondiente y recopilar la terminología asociada con anticipación. Este trabajo también incluye una introducción al desarrollo de la industria de teléfonos inteligentes y a la situación actual del mercado de telefonía móvil en China y España. En este trabajo se ha extraído la terminología relacionada con la interpretación en este ámbito a partir de un gran número de introducciones oficiales, así como de los documentos correspondientes. Estos términos tienen amplia cobertura, tanto del producto en sí como del proceso de producción y el rendimiento real de los teléfonos móviles Xiaomi, y han sido compilados por la autora en el glosario de términos de este trabajo. Dado que algunas palabras técnicas generalmente se expresan en un estándar común internacional, también se incluye la denominación correspondiente en inglés. El glosario facilitará a los intérpretes la organización y el aprendizaje del vocabulario técnico y, por lo tanto, es una herramienta esencial para ellos当前中国制造的智能手机在西班牙以及拉美市场中占据的份额日益增多，双方就智能手 机硬件、性能等问题所开展的会谈也呈上升趋势。本硕士论文希望能够帮助译员在涉及中国 品牌（以小米手机为例）进入西班牙语市场时可能出现的新品发布会、媒体见面会中能够更 好地完成中西口译工作。为了能够在口译中准确并快速地介绍各种型号手机的特点，提前做 好资料查询和术语积累是必不可少的。本文还包括对于智能手机行业发展情况的介绍，及中 国与西班牙两国智能手机市场现状的简介。本文从大量官方介绍以及文献中提取了在口译过 程中可能会涉及到的术语。这些术语涵盖了小米手机的产品理念、制作流程以及实际性能等 多个方面，并且由笔者编入本文的术语表中。由于一部分技术性词汇通常以国际统一格式来 表达，因此，英语词汇也包含其中。术语表将为译者整理和学习技术性词汇提供极大便利， 因此成为译者必备的工具MÁSTER UNIVERSIT. EN INTERPRETAC. DE CONFERENCIAS ORIENTADO A LOS NEGOCIOS (M178

Fourier Coefficients of Asynchronous Collective Motions in Heavy-ion Collisions

We present a novel scenario in heavy-ion collisions where different modes of collective motions evolve asynchronously in the created nuclear medium. Such physics mechanisms could each dominate at a distinct evolution stage, or coexist simultaneously without coordinating with each other. If we employ a separate single-harmonic Fourier expansion to describe how each asynchronous collective motion affects particle emission, the particle azimuthal distribution should be the product of all these expansions. Consequently, cross terms between collectivity modes appear, and their contributions to experimental observables could be significant. In particular, we argue that the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and elliptic flow can develop asynchronously, with their convolution affecting the observable that is sensitive to the shear-induced CME. We will use the event-by-event anomalous-viscous fluid dynamics model to illustrate the effects of this scenario. Besides giving new insights into searches for the CME, we also propose a feasible experimental test based on conventional flow harmonics

Effect of sequential treatment with syndrome differentiation on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and "AECOPD Risk-Window": study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Frequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation is a major cause of hospital admission and mortality. It has been reported that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) may relieve COPD symptoms and reduce the incidence of COPD exacerbations, thus improving life quality of COPD patients. The acute exacerbation of COPD risk-window (AECOPD-RW) is the period after an exacerbation and before the patient returns to baseline. In the AECOPD-RW, patients are usually at increased risk of a second exacerbation, which may lead to hospital admission and high mortality. It may be beneficial for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients to receive interventions during AECOPD-RW. During exacerbations the treatment principle is to eliminate exogenous pathogens, whereas the AECOPD-RW treatment principle focuses on enhancing body resistance. METHODS/DESIGN: A prospective, multi-center, single-blinded, double-dummy and randomized controlled clinical trial is being conducted to test the therapeutic effects of a sequential two stage treatment, which includes eliminating pathogen and strengthening vital qi with syndrome differentiation. A total of 364 patients will be enrolled in this study with 182 in each treatment group (TCM and control). Patients received medication (or control) according to their assigned group. TCM for AECOPD were administered twice daily to patients with AECOPD over 7 to 21 days, followed by TCM for AECOPD-RW over 28 days. All patients were followed for six months. The clinical symptoms, the modified medical research council dyspnea (MMRC) scale and exacerbations were used as the primary outcome measures. Pulmonary function, quality of life and mortality rate were used as secondary outcome measures. DISCUSSION: It is hypothesized that sequentially eliminating pathogens and strengthening vital qi treatments with syndrome differentiation will have beneficial effects on reducing the frequency and duration of acute exacerbation, relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for COPD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR-TRC-11001460

ATM mediates oxidative stress-induced dephosphorylation of DNA ligase IIIα

Among the three mammalian genes encoding DNA ligases, only the LIG3 gene does not have a homolog in lower eukaryotes. In somatic mammalian cells, the nuclear form of DNA ligase IIIα forms a stable complex with the DNA repair protein XRCC1 that is also found only in higher eukaryotes. Recent studies have shown that XRCC1 participates in S phase-specific DNA repair pathways independently of DNA ligase IIIα and is constitutively phosphorylated by casein kinase II. In this study we demonstrate that DNA ligase IIIα, unlike XRCC1, is phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Specifically, DNA ligase IIIα is phosphorylated on Ser123 by the cell division cycle kinase Cdk2 beginning early in S phase and continuing into M phase. Interestingly, treatment of S phase cells with agents that cause oxygen free radicals induces the dephosphorylation of DNA ligase IIIα. This oxidative stress-induced dephosphorylation of DNA ligase IIIα is dependent upon the ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) kinase and appears to involve inhibition of Cdk2 and probably activation of a phosphatase

Distinct predictive biomarker candidates for response to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients

Background: While immune checkpoint blockade has greatly improved clinical outcomes in diseases such as melanoma, there remains a need for predictive biomarkers to determine who will likely benefit most from which therapy. To date, most biomarkers of response have been identified in the tumors themselves. Biomarkers that could be assessed from peripheral blood would be even more desirable, because of ease of access and reproducibility of sampling. Methods: We used mass cytometry (CyTOF) to comprehensively profile peripheral blood of melanoma patients, in order to find predictive biomarkers of response to anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 therapy. Using a panel of ~ 40 surface and intracellular markers, we performed in-depth phenotypic and functional immune profiling to identify potential predictive biomarker candidates. Results: Immune profiling of baseline peripheral blood samples using CyTOF revealed that anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapies have distinct sets of candidate biomarkers. The distribution of CD4+ and CD8+ memory/non-memory cells and other memory subsets was different between responders and non-responders to anti-CTLA-4 therapy. In anti-PD-1 (but not anti-CTLA-4) treated patients, we discovered differences in CD69 and MIP-1β expressing NK cells between responders and non-responders. Finally, multivariate analysis was used to develop a model for the prediction of response. Conclusions: Our results indicate that anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 have distinct predictive biomarker candidates. CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell subsets play an important role in response to anti-CTLA-4, and are potential biomarker candidates. For anti-PD-1 therapy, NK cell subsets (but not memory T cell subsets) correlated with clinical response to therapy. These functionally active NK cell subsets likely play a critical role in the anti-tumor response triggered by anti-PD-1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0328-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect from RHIC Beam Energy Scan II data with STAR

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) offers a unique window to probe several fundamental properties in quantum chromodynamics (QCD): topological vacuum transitions, chiral symmetry restoration at high temperature, and the properties of a new QCD phase, Quark Gluon Plasma. Furthermore, it simultaneously probes the strong magnetic field (B) created by spectator protons in the colliding nuclei at almost the speed of light. The CME describes an electric charge separation of nearly massless quarks, which are at local chirality imbalance, along the B direction, manifestly violating local P and CP symmetries. This charge separation effect is quantified by the Δγ112 correlator between pairs of final-state charged hadrons and the reaction planes of the collision. However, due to the complex dynamics of the expanding fireball, the major background in CME search comes from the elliptic flow coupling with physics such as resonance decay, local charge conservation, and local momentum conservation. In order to mitigate the flow background in CME measurement, a novel event shape selection (ESS) approach is developed that manages to classify events based on their emission pattern shapes and determines Δγ112_ESS at the zero-flow limit. Furthermore, the spectator protons collected by STAR EPD detector are used to reconstruct the reaction plane correlated with B direction, while minimizing nonflow backgrounds. The search for the CME in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan phase II (BES-II) carries great scientific impact. It promises a thorough systematic investigation by the newly developed methods to mitigate all known backgrounds and by utilizing the stronger magnetic field provided by larger collision systems of Au+Au. With significantly higher data quality compared to BES-I and the successful development of a new ESS methodology, we observed a positive charge separation of 3-sigma significance in the 20-50% centrality range of Au+Au collisions at each of the three center-of-mass energies, 11.5, 14.6, and 19.6 GeV. The findings and physics implications will be discussed

Zhang Ziqing hua shan ce / Zhang Zhiwan hua 張子青畫扇册 / 張之萬畫

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