100 research outputs found
Eden and Erikson: Psychosocial Theory and the Garden of Eden
The interpretation of the story of the Garden of Eden is often the source of contentious disagreement. Traditional and progressive religious traditions argue over how the biblical text should be read, while many people struggle to see the relevance to modern society of what may seem like nothing more than a fairy tale. This paper suggests that the tale of Eden be read as the story of a passage by Adam, Eve, and God through Erik Erikson’s first three stages of development. During their time in the Garden, Adam and Eve secure a sense of basic trust in God and their world, a sense of autonomy in their own capabilities, and a sense of initiative for their familial and social roles. By the end of their time in Eden, Adam and Eve are prepared to face a world of responsibility and like children who have matured out of infancy, Adam and Eve are expelled from the paradise of early life
Explaining the Mind: The Embodied Cognition Challenge
This thesis looks at a relatively new line of research in Cognitive Science – embodied cognition. Its relation to the computational-representational paradigm, primarily symbolicism, is extensively discussed. It is argued that embodied cognition is compatible with the established paradigm but challenges its research focus and traditionally assumed segregation of cognition from bodily and worldly activities Subsequently the impact of embodied cognition on philosophy of Cognitive Science is considered. The second chapter defends the applicability of mechanistic explanation to cases of embodied cognition. Further, it argues that a proposed alternative, dynamic systems theory, is not a substitute to the mechanistic approach. The last chapter critically examines the thesis that mind is extended beyond the bodily boundary and into the world. It is concluded that arguments in favour of the extended mind thesis are inadequate. Considerations in favour of the orthodox view that the does not “leak” out into the world are also presented
Image and Spectrum of the Sun in the Region 9.5-200 Angstrom
Short wave ultraviolet image and spectrum of sun obtained during course of X-ray flar
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Results of comparative RBMK neutron computation using VNIIEF codes (cell computation, 3D statics, 3D kinetics). Final report
In conformity with the protocol of the Workshop under Contract {open_quotes}Assessment of RBMK reactor safety using modern Western Codes{close_quotes} VNIIEF performed a neutronics computation series to compare western and VNIIEF codes and assess whether VNIIEF codes are suitable for RBMK type reactor safety assessment computation. The work was carried out in close collaboration with M.I. Rozhdestvensky and L.M. Podlazov, NIKIET employees. The effort involved: (1) cell computations with the WIMS, EKRAN codes (improved modification of the LOMA code) and the S-90 code (VNIIEF Monte Carlo). Cell, polycell, burnup computation; (2) 3D computation of static states with the KORAT-3D and NEU codes and comparison with results of computation with the NESTLE code (USA). The computations were performed in the geometry and using the neutron constants presented by the American party; (3) 3D computation of neutron kinetics with the KORAT-3D and NEU codes. These computations were performed in two formulations, both being developed in collaboration with NIKIET. Formulation of the first problem maximally possibly agrees with one of NESTLE problems and imitates gas bubble travel through a core. The second problem is a model of the RBMK as a whole with imitation of control and protection system controls (CPS) movement in a core
Off-limb EUV observations of the solar corona and transients with the CORONAS-F/SPIRIT telescope-coronagraph
The SPIRIT telescope aboard the CORONAS-F satellite (in orbit from 26 July 2001 to 5 December 2005), observed the off-limb solar corona in the 175 Ă… (Fe IX, X and XI lines) and 304 Ă… (He II and Si XI lines) bands. In the coronagraphic mode the mirror was tilted to image the corona at the distance of 1.1...5 <I>R</I><sub>sun</sub> from the solar center, the outer occulter blocked the disk radiation and the detector sensitivity was enhanced. This intermediate region between the fields of view of ordinary extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) telescopes and most of the white-light (WL) coronagraphs is responsible for forming the streamer belt, acceleration of ejected matter and emergence of slow and fast solar wind. We present here the results of continuous coronagraphic EUV observations of the solar corona carried out during two weeks in June and December 2002. The images showed a "diffuse" (unresolved) component of the corona seen in both bands, and non-radial, ray-like structures seen only in the 175 Ă… band, which can be associated with a streamer base. The correlations between latitudinal distributions of the EUV brightness in the corona and at the limb were found to be high in 304 Ă… at all distances and in 175 Ă… only below 1.5 <I>R</I><sub>sun</sub>. The temporal correlation of the coronal brightness along the west radial line, with the brightness at the underlying limb region was significant in both bands, independent of the distance. On 2 February 2003 SPIRIT observed an expansion of a transient associated with a prominence eruption seen only in the 304 Ă… band. The SPIRIT data have been compared with the corresponding data of the SOHO LASCO, EIT and UVCS instruments
Calibration of the Gamma-RAy Polarimeter Experiment (GRAPE) at a Polarized Hard X-Ray Beam
The Gamma-RAy Polarimeter Experiment (GRAPE) is a concept for an astronomical
hard X-ray Compton polarimeter operating in the 50 - 500 keV energy band. The
instrument has been optimized for wide-field polarization measurements of
transient outbursts from energetic astrophysical objects such as gamma-ray
bursts and solar flares. The GRAPE instrument is composed of identical modules,
each of which consists of an array of scintillator elements read out by a
multi-anode photomultiplier tube (MAPMT). Incident photons Compton scatter in
plastic scintillator elements and are subsequently absorbed in inorganic
scintillator elements; a net polarization signal is revealed by a
characteristic asymmetry in the azimuthal scattering angles. We have
constructed a prototype GRAPE module containing a single CsI(Na) calorimeter
element, at the center of the MAPMT, surrounded by 60 plastic elements. The
prototype has been combined with custom readout electronics and software to
create a complete "engineering model" of the GRAPE instrument. This engineering
model has been calibrated using a nearly 100% polarized hard X-ray beam at the
Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. We find modulation
factors of 0.46 +/- 0.06 and 0.48 +/- 0.03 at 69.5 keV and 129.5 keV,
respectively, in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper we
present details of the beam test, data analysis, and simulations, and discuss
the implications of our results for the further development of the GRAPE
concept.Comment: 35 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in NIM-
X-Ray Polarization of Solar Flares Measured with Rhessi
The degree of linear polarization in solar flares has not yet been precisely
determined despite multiple attempts to measure it with different missions. The
high energy range in particular has very rarely been explored, due to its
greater instrumental difficulties. We approached the subject using the Reuven
Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) satellite to study 6 X-class
and 1 M-class flares in the energy range between 100 keV and 350 keV. Using
RHESSI as a polarimeter requires the application of strict cuts to the event
list in order to extract those photons that are Compton scattered between two
detectors. Our measurements show polarization values between 2% and 54%, with
errors ranging from 10% to 26% in 1 sigma level. In view of the large
uncertainties in both the magnitude and direction of the polarization vector,
the results can only reject source models with extreme properties.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication by Solar Physic
Scientific Prospects for Hard X-ray Polarimetry
X-ray polarimetry promises to give qualitatively new information about
high-energy sources. Examples of interesting source classes are binary black
hole systems, rotation and accretion powered neutron stars, Microquasars,
Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma-Ray Bursts. Furthermore, X-ray polarimetry
affords the possibility for testing fundamental physics, e.g. to observe
signatures of light bending in the strong gravitational field of a black hole,
to detect third order Quantum Electrodynamic effects in the magnetosphere of
Magnetars, and to perform sensitive tests of Lorentz Invariance. In this paper
we discuss scientific drivers of hard (>10 keV) X-ray polarimetry emphasizing
how observations in the hard band can complement observations at lower energies
(0.1 - 10 keV). Subsequently, we describe four different technical realizations
of hard X-ray polarimeters suitable for small to medium sized space borne
missions, and study their performance in the signal-dominated case based on
Monte Carlo simulations. We end with confronting the instrument requirements
for accomplishing the science goals with the capabilities of the four
polarimeters.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic
Complex of instrumentation KORTES for the EUV and x-ray imaging and spectroscopy of the solar corona
Experiment with the SPR-N Instrument Onboard the CORONAS-F Satellite: Polarization, Temporal, and Spectral Characteristics of the Hard X-Ray of the Solar Flares
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