A legal framework for global joint copyright management in musical works:based on Rawls's theory of justice

The present music market has shown an imbalance of interests in terms of economic, social and cultural interests. The present research has found that joint music copyrights management is responsible for this issue. Joint management organisations (JMOs) are competing with each other in an unfair market worldwide due to the lack of harmonised rules to standardize their behaviours. It is imperative to establish a promising international copyright legal framework for regulating their behaviours, providing a fairer and common arena for both CMOs and IMEs, enabling JMOs to fulfil multiple functions so as to strike a real balance of interests between copyright stakeholders in music industry. It would also facilitate the cross-border flow of musical works in the digital era where copyrighted musical works flow across borders easily. The proposed theoretical framework is formulated on the basis of Rawls's justice theory which provides powerful and systematic explanation and standards to evaluate and design JMOs' functions. The standard of multi-objective, named economic, social and cultural objectives, is proposed for balancing interests at stake, more precisely, justifying the interests of the least well-off. Therefore, this thesis examines and investigates the issues of unbalanced interests existing in cross-border copyright licensing in musical works and, accordingly, proposes to design a fairer copyright legal framework aiming to fulfil the multi-objective of copyright - economic fairness, social justice and culture diversity

Bis(4-ammonio-4-methyl­pentan-2-one-κO)dioxalato-κ4 O 1,O 2-copper(II)

The title compound, [Cu(C2O4)2(C6H14NO)2], was synthesized by mixing diacetonamine hydrogen oxalate and copper sulfate in ethanol/water. The mol­ecule is centrosymmetric, so two pairs of equivalent ligands lie trans to each other. The CuII center, located on a position with 2/m site symmetry, is six-coordinated by four O atoms from two oxalate ligands at short distances and the carbonyl O atoms from the 4-amino-4-methyl­pentan-2-one ligands at longer distances. Mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the amino groups and carbonyl O atoms; no intra­molecular hydrogen bonds are formed

Improving depression-like behaviors caused by diabetes is likely to offer a new perspective for the treatment of non-healing chronic wounds

BackgroundThree phases are often involved in the intricate process of wound healing: inflammatory exudation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling. It is challenging for wounds to heal if conditions like ischemia, persistent pressure, infection, repetitive trauma, or systemic or localized illnesses arise during the healing process. Chronic wounds are persistent injuries that do not follow the normal healing process and fail to progress through the stages of healing within a reasonable timeframe, like diabetic ulcers, vascular ulcers, pressure sores, and infectious wounds. Various factors affect chronic wound healing. A large body of research has illuminated that psychological distress may often be related to wound healing in clinical settings. Our observations have indicated that the pace of wound healing in diabetic mice is generally slower than that of healthy mice, and mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and fed a high-fat diet generally exhibit depression-like behavior. Our experiment delves into whether there is an inherent correlation and provides new ideas for clinical treatment to promote wound healing.MethodsIn order to explore the relationship between diabetes, depression, and wound healing, we observed wound healing through HE staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and IHC staining for CD31 and detected the depressive condition through behavioral tests. Then, RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of α-SMA, Col1, CD31, and VEGF in wound tissue. Finally, the related brain areas were regulated through chemical genetic methods and the process of wound healing was observed.ConclusionIt has been observed that the lateral habenula (LHb) areas are associated with depression-like behavior induced by diabetes. Inhibiting LHb neuronal activity mitigates these depressive symptoms and enhances wound healing. Refractory wounds can be improved by considering patients' emotional issues from a broad standpoint, which provides fresh concepts for potential clinical treatments in the future

Normal scalar curvature conjecture and its applications

In this paper, we proved the Normal Scalar Curvature Conjecture and the Bottcher-Wenzel Conjecture. We also established some new pinching theorems for minimal submanifolds in spheres.Comment: minor and final typo correction

Enclave-Reinforced Inequality during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from University Campus Lockdowns in Wuhan, China

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-11-23, pub-electronic 2021-11-26Publication status: PublishedFunder: China Prosperity Fund Programme; Grant(s): PF3051 CH-WS3HBUE YR1Funder: Ministry of Education; Grant(s): 20YJC630149The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted urban life and created spatial and social inequalities in cities. The impacts of lifting full lockdown restrictions once fast-spreading and community-acquired infection waves were under control are still not fully understood. This study aims to explore spatial inequality reinforced in the intervals between the waves of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enclave-reinforced inequality resulting from enclave-based lockdown policies in Chinese cities was investigated through an analysis of the impacts of university campus enclave closures on the accessibility and crowdedness of urban green spaces. Using a modified two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) and inversed 2SFCA (i2SFCA) method, accessibility and crowdedness were calculated and compared under two different scenarios. Additionally, the Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, and Theil index were used to measure and compare intra-city global and local inequalities under each scenario. The results indicate that the lockdown of university campus enclaves decreased the supply of urban green spaces. Campus closures not only exacerbated the unequal distribution of urban green space, but also reduced the inequality of crowdedness in urban parks due to increased crowdedness in parks near the closed enclaves. Moreover, both accessibility and crowdedness worsened when the calculations were weighted for population size and the total supply of green space. Enclave-based lockdown in cities reinforced spatial inequality, and it is highly complex and has multidimensional impacts on urban inequalities and environmental injustice which should be considered by urban planners and decision-makers hoping to create healthy, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable cities in the “new normal” of the COVID-19 pandemic

Over-the-Air Performance Testing of 5G New Radio User Equipment:Standardization and Challenges

Abstract The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is accelerating 5G new radio (NR) global standards aimed at significant enhancement of wireless system performance for higher date rate, better energy efficiency, and higher reliability than the current 4G cellular systems. The operators, manufacturers, and test equipment vendors have worked together to develop standardized over-the-air (OTA) test methodologies for the overall performance evaluation of 5G NR devices. 3GPP is taking the lead in standardizing the OTA testing of 5G NR under fading channel conditions. In 3GPP specifications, test methods have been studied to verify the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) performance of 5G NR user equipments (UEs) in OTA mode. This article follows the 3GPP standardization work and discusses the MIMO OTA test methodologies for 5G NR UEs working at frequency range 1 (FR1) and FR2, with a focus on its new challenges and solutions compared to 4G MIMO OTA testing methods. Then the OTA throughput testing results of real 5G NRUEs are demonstrated under the standard channel models. Finally, the challenges and limitations of standard 5G MIMO OTA test solutions are also highlighted

Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights Into the Adaptive Responses to Hypoxia of a Schizothoracine Fish (Gymnocypris eckloni)

The schizothoracine fish endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are comparatively well adapted to aquatic environments with low oxygen partial pressures. However, few studies have used transcriptomic profiling to investigate the adaptive responses of schizothoracine fish tissues to hypoxic stress. This study compared the transcriptomes of Gymnocypris eckloni subjected to 72 h of hypoxia (Dissolved oxygen, DO = 3.0 ± 0.1 mg/L) to those of G. eckloni under normoxia (DO = 8.4 ± 0.1 mg/L). To identify the potential genes and pathways activated in response to hypoxic stress, we collected muscle, liver, brain, heart, and blood samples from normoxic and hypoxic fish for RNA-Seq analysis. We annotated 337,481 gene fragments. Of these, 462 were differentially expressed in the hypoxic fish as compared to the normoxic fish. Under hypoxia, the transcriptomic profiles of the tissues differed, with muscle the most strongly affected by hypoxia. Our data indicated that G. eckloni underwent adaptive changes in gene expression in response to hypoxia. Several strategies used by G. eckloni to cope with hypoxia were similar to those used by other fish, including a switch from aerobic oxidation to anaerobic glycolysis and the suppression of major energy-requiring processes. However, G. eckloni used an additional distinct strategy to survive hypoxic environments: a strengthening of the antioxidant system and minimization of ischemic injury. Here, we identified several pathways and related genes involved in the hypoxic response of the schizothoracine fish. This study provides insights into the mechanisms used by schizothoracine fish to adapt to hypoxic environments

Demographic History and Natural Selection Shape Patterns of Deleterious Mutation Load and Barriers to Introgression across Populus Genome

Hybridization and resulting introgression are important processes shaping the tree of life and appear to be far more common than previously thought. However, how the genome evolution was shaped by various genetic and evolutionary forces after hybridization remains unresolved. Here we used whole-genome resequencing data of 227 individuals from multiple widespread Populus species to characterize their contemporary patterns of hybridization and to quantify genomic signatures of past introgression. We observe a high frequency of contemporary hybridization and confirm that multiple previously ambiguous species are in fact F-1 hybrids. Seven species were identified, which experienced different demographic histories that resulted in strikingly varied efficacy of selection and burdens of deleterious mutations. Frequent past introgression has been found to be a pervasive feature throughout the speciation of these Populus species. The retained introgressed regions, more generally, tend to contain reduced genetic load and to be located in regions of high recombination. We also find that in pairs of species with substantial differences in effective population size, introgressed regions are inferred to have undergone selective sweeps at greater than expected frequencies in the species with lower effective population size, suggesting that introgression likely have higher potential to provide beneficial variation for species with small populations. Our results, therefore, illustrate that demography and recombination have interplayed with both positive and negative selection in determining the genomic evolution after hybridization

Modeling and simulation of equivalent second-order pendulum model of casting crane based on liquid slosh

Because the load of the foundry crane is the molten metal of high temperature liquid, the liquid in the load will produce different amplitude sloshing during the operation process, showing a complex solid-liquid coupling phenomenon. The conventional modeling method of treating the load as a solid can no longer meet the control requirements. In order to solve this problem, the equivalent second-order pendulum model of liquid sloshing is established in this paper. On this basis, the dynamic equation of casting bridge crane is derived by Lagrange method. Then a sliding mode variable structure controller is designed and simulated. The experimental results verify the dynamic characteristics and effectiveness of the nonlinear model, and realize the precise positioning of the trolley and the effective anti-swing of the load