Shadow Thermodynamics of AdS Black Hole with the Nonlinear Electrodynamics Term

In this paper, we have creatively employed the shadow radius to study the thermodynamics of a charged AdS black hole with a nonlinear electrodynamics(NLED) term. First, the connection between the shadow radius and event horizon is constructed with the aid of the geodesic analysis. It turns out that the black hole shadow radius shows a positive correlation as a function of the event horizon radius. Then in the shadow context, we found that the black hole temperature and heat capacity can be presented by the shadow radius. And further analysis shows that the shadow radius can do as well as the event horizon in revealing black hole phase transition process. In this sense, we constructed the thermal profile of the charged AdS black hole with inclusion of the NLED effect. In P < Pc case, it is found that the N-type trend of the temperature given by the shadow radius is always coincide with that obtained by using the event horizon. So, we can concluded for the charged AdS black hole that the phase transition process can be intuitively presented as the thermal profile in the shadow context. Finally, the effects of NLED have been carefully analysed through out the paper.Comment: 17 pages, 21 figure

Distances and classification of amino acids for different protein secondary structures

Window profiles of amino acids in protein sequences are taken as a description of the amino acid environment. The relative entropy or Kullback-Leibler distance derived from profiles is used as a measure of dissimilarity for comparison of amino acids and secondary structure conformations. Distance matrices of amino acid pairs at different conformations are obtained, which display a non-negligible dependence of amino acid similarity on conformations. Based on the conformation specific distances clustering analysis for amino acids is conducted.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure

Separate metabolic pathways leading to DNA fragmentation and apoptotic nuclear chromatin condensation

Apoptosis is the predominant form of cell death observed in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions such as cancer involution, insect metamorphosis, the development of the immune and nervous systems, and embryogenesis. The typical nuclear changes taking place in apoptotic cells include extensive condensation of chromatin and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation into units of 200 base pairs. However, the mechanisms responsible for both chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation have yet to be elucidated. In this study, micrococcal nuclease and the divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+, were applied to isolated nuclei in an attempt to reconstitute in vitro the digestion of genomic DNA associated with apoptosis. Micrococcal nuclease was found to induce a typical pattern of DNA fragmentation, but did not give rise to chromatin condensation, whereas Ca2+/Mg2+ induced both chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation in isolated mouse liver nuclei. When the endonuclease inhibitor ZnCl2 was used, the DNA fragmentation induced by Ca2+/Mg2+ in nuclei could be completely inhibited, but chromatin condensation still occurred. For comparison, intact liver cells were treated with valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, which gave rise to an atypical cell death, with chromatin condensation appearing without DNA fragmentation. Our results suggest that endonuclease activation in apoptosis is neither necessary nor sufficient to induce chromatin condensation, and that DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation may be triggered through separate pathways during apoptosis

Identification and interaction analysis of key genes and microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis

Complete list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE22058. (DOCX 183 kb