1,005 research outputs found
Linear-quadratic Mean Field Control with Non-convex Data
In this manuscript, we study a class of linear-quadratic (LQ) mean field
control problems with a common noise and their corresponding -particle
systems. The mean field control problems considered are not standard LQ mean
field control problems in the sense that their dependence on the mean field
terms can be non-linear and non-convex. Therefore, all the existing methods to
deal with LQ mean field control problems fail. The key idea to solve our LQ
mean field control problem is to utilize the common noise. We first prove the
global well-posedness of the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equations via the
non-degeneracy of the common noise. In contrast to the LQ mean field games
master equations, the Hamilton-Jacobi equations for the LQ mean field control
problems can not be reduced to finite-dimensional PDEs. We then globally solve
the Hamilton-Jacobi equations for -particle systems. As byproducts, we
derive the optimal quantitative convergence results from the -particle
systems to the mean field control problem and the propagation of chaos property
for the related optimal trajectories. This paper extends the results in [{\sc
M. Li, C. Mou, Z. Wu and C. Zhou}, \emph{Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.}, 376(06)
(2023), pp.~4105--4143] to the LQ mean field control problems.Comment: 35 page
Pressure induced superconductivity bordering a charge-density-wave state in NbTe4 with strong spinorbit coupling
Transition-metal chalcogenides host various phases of matter, such as
charge-density wave (CDW), superconductors, and topological insulators or
semimetals. Superconductivity and its competition with CDW in low-dimensional
compounds have attracted much interest and stimulated considerable research.
Here we report pressure induced superconductivity in a strong spin-orbit (SO)
coupled quasi-one-dimensional (1D) transition-metal chalcogenide NbTe,
which is a CDW material under ambient pressure. With increasing pressure, the
CDW transition temperature is gradually suppressed, and superconducting
transition, which is fingerprinted by a steep resistivity drop, emerges at
pressures above 12.4 GPa. Under pressure = 69 GPa, zero resistance is
detected with a transition temperature = 2.2 K and an upper critical
field = 2 T. We also find large magnetoresistance (MR) up to 102\% at
low temperatures, which is a distinct feature differentiating NbTe from
other conventional CDW materials.Comment: https://rdcu.be/LX8
Observation of Bulk Fermi Arc and Polarization Half Charge from Paired Exceptional Points
The ideas of topology have found tremendous success in Hermitian physical
systems, but even richer properties exist in the more general non-Hermitian
framework. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a new
topologically-protected bulk Fermi arc which---unlike the well-known surface
Fermi arcs arising from Weyl points in Hermitian systems---develops from
non-Hermitian radiative losses in photonic crystal slabs. Moreover, we discover
half-integer topological charges in the polarization of far-field radiation
around the Fermi arc. We show that both phenomena are direct consequences of
the non-Hermitian topological properties of exceptional points, where
resonances coincide in their frequencies and linewidths. Our work connects the
fields of topological photonics, non-Hermitian physics and singular optics, and
paves the way for future exploration of non-Hermitian topological systems.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Two-sample smooth tests for the equality of distributions
This paper considers the problem of testing the equality of two unspecified distributions. The classical omnibus tests such as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Cramér–von Mises are known to suffer from low power against essentially all but location-scale alternatives. We propose a new two-sample test that modifies the Neyman’s smooth test and extend it to the multivariate case based on the idea of projection pursue. The asymptotic null property of the test and its power against local alternatives are studied. The multiplier bootstrap method is employed to compute the critical value of the multivariate test. We establish validity of the bootstrap approximation in the case where the dimension is allowed to grow with the sample size. Numerical studies show that the new testing procedures perform well even for small sample sizes and are powerful in detecting local features or high-frequency components
Dietary supplementation of exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 improved the resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus infection
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) can cause high mortality of fish. The aim of
this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3
exopolysaccharides (GCC-3 EPS) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) infected with SVCV
and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish were fed with a control
diet or diet supplemented with 0.5% and 1% of GCC-3 EPS for 2 weeks. The
results showed that supplementation of GCC-3 EPS significantly improved the
survival rate of zebrafish compared with the control group. In addition, dietary
0.5% and 1% GCC-3 EPS significantly up-regulated the expression of genes
related to type I interferon (IFN) antiviral immunity. Consistent with in vivo
results, GCC-3 EPS significantly inhibited SVCV replication in zebrafish
embryonic fibroblast (ZF4) cells while significantly increased the expression
of type I IFN signaling pathway related genes. Furthermore, knocking down
TANK-binding kinase 1 significantly blocked the antiviral effect of GCC-3 EPS.
Dietary GCC-3 EPS improved gut microbiota, and the culture supernatant of
GCC-3 EPS-associated microbiota significantly inhibited SVCV replication in
ZF4 cells compared with the control-microbiota counterpart. In conclusion,
our results indicate that dietary GCC-3 EPS can improve the resistance of
zebrafish against SVCV infection, and the mechanism may involve enhanced
type I interferon signaling.
KEYW
Good outcomes of elbow arthroscopy-assisted absorbable screw fixation for capitellum fracture of the humerus in children: a case series
BackgroundCapitellum fractures are rare coronal fractures of the distal humerus which accounts for 6% of all distal humeral fractures and only 1% of all elbow fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and complications of arthroscopically assisted reduction and fixation with absorbable screws for capitellar fracture of the humerus in children.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series study, which considered four patients (4 elbows), ranging from 10 to 15 years old, who were treated by arthroscopic-assisted percutaneous absorbable screw between 2018 and 2020. The elbow flexion-extension and forearm supination-pronation ranges of motion (ROM) were measured at the preoperative examination and last follow-up examination. Finally, the clinical and radiological results were assessed.ResultsThe result of operations is satisfactory. The mean follow-up was 3.0 years (range 2–3.8 years). Average range of motion significantly improved from pre- to postoperation, with forearm supination from 60°(50°−60°) to 90°(90°) and pronation improved from 75°(70°−80°) to 90°(90°). The postoperative elbow flexion-extension range of motion was significantly higher compared with range of motion before surgery (P < 0.001; r = 0.949). At the final follow-up examination, the Mayo Elbow Performance Score was excellent. Satisfactory clinical results were achieved in all patients, and no postoperative complications were observed.ConclusionsIt is an effective and safe surgical option to use arthroscopic-assisted percutaneous absorbable screw fixation for treating capitellum fracture of the humerus without any complications in children.Level of evidenceLevel IV; case series
Band Structure Engineering of Interfacial Semiconductors Based on Atomically Thin Lead Iodide Crystals
To explore new constituents in two-dimensional materials and to combine their
best in van der Waals heterostructures, are in great demand as being unique
platform to discover new physical phenomena and to design novel functionalities
in interface-based devices. Herein, PbI2 crystals as thin as few-layers are
first synthesized, particularly through a facile low-temperature solution
approach with the crystals of large size, regular shape, different thicknesses
and high-yields. As a prototypical demonstration of flexible band engineering
of PbI2-based interfacial semiconductors, these PbI2 crystals are subsequently
assembled with several transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. The
photoluminescence of MoS2 is strongly enhanced in MoS2/PbI2 stacks, while a
dramatic photoluminescence quenching of WS2 and WSe2 is revealed in WS2/PbI2
and WSe2/PbI2 stacks. This is attributed to the effective heterojunction
formation between PbI2 and these monolayers, but type I band alignment in
MoS2/PbI2 stacks where fast-transferred charge carriers accumulate in MoS2 with
high emission efficiency, and type II in WS2/PbI2 and WSe2/PbI2 stacks with
separated electrons and holes suitable for light harvesting. Our results
demonstrate that MoS2, WS2, WSe2 monolayers with very similar electronic
structures themselves, show completely distinct light-matter interactions when
interfacing with PbI2, providing unprecedent capabilities to engineer the
device performance of two-dimensional heterostructures.Comment: 36 pages, 5 figure
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A novel ZRS variant causes preaxial polydactyly type I by increased sonic hedgehog expression in the developing limb bud.
PurposePreaxial polydactyly (PPD) is a common congenital hand malformation classified into four subtypes (PPD I-IV). Variants in the zone of polarizing activity regulatory sequence (ZRS) within intron 5 of the LMBR1 gene are linked to most PPD types. However, the genes responsible for PPD I and the underlying mechanisms are unknown.MethodsA rare large four-generation family with isolated PPD I was subjected to genome-wide genotyping and sequence analysis. In vitro and in vivo functional studies were performed in Caco-2 cells, 293T cells, and a knockin transgenic mouse model.ResultsA novel g.101779T>A (reference sequence: NG_009240.2; position 446 of the ZRS) variant segregates with all PPD I-affected individuals. The knockin mouse with this ZRS variant exhibited PPD I phenotype accompanying ectopic and excess expression of Shh. We confirmed that HnRNP K can bind the ZRS and SHH promoters. The ZRS mutant enhanced the binding affinity for HnRNP K and upregulated SHH expression.ConclusionOur results identify the first PPD I disease-causing variant. The variant leading to PPD I may be associated with enhancing SHH expression mediated by HnRNP K. This study adds to the ZRS-associated syndromes classification system for PPD and clarifies the underlying molecular mechanisms
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