630 research outputs found
Cross-cultural validation of the educational needs assessment tool into Chinese for use in severe knee osteoarthritis
© 2018 Zhao et al. Background: Patient education is an integral part of the management of osteoarthritis. The educational needs assessment tool (ENAT) was developed in the UK to help direct needs-based patient education in rheumatic diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to adapt and validate the ENAT into Chinese, for use in severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: This cross-cultural validation study took two phases: 1) adaptation of the ENAT into Chinese (CENAT) and 2) validation of the CENAT. The Construct validity was determined using factor analysis and criterion-related validity by comparing data from CENAT with data from different self-efficacy scales: patient–physician interactions scale (PEPPI-10), self-efficacy for rehabilitation outcome scale (SER), and the self-efficacy for exercise scale (SEE). Results: The sample comprised 196 patients, with mean age 63.6±8.7 years, disease duration was 11.5 years, and 57.1% were female. The CENAT was found to have high internal consistency. The CENAT had weak correlations with the Chinese versions of PEPPI r=0.40, SER r=0.40, and SEE r=0.39. There were no correlations with age r=−0.03 or disease duration r=−0.11. Conclusion: The ENAT translated well into Chinese and has evidence of validity in KOA. Future studies will further inform its usefulness in clinics, community, and online settings
Target of Opportunity Observations Detectability of Kilonovae with WFST
Kilonovae are approximately thermal transients, produced by mergers of binary
neutron stars (BNSs) and NS-black hole binaries. As the optical counterpart of
the gravitational wave event GW170817, AT2017gfo is the first kilonova detected
with smoking-gun evidence. Its observation offers vital information for
constraining the Hubble constant, the source of cosmic -process enrichment,
and the equation of state of neutron stars. The 2.5-meter Wide-Field Survey
Telescope (WFST) operates at six bands (u, g, r, i, z, w), spanning from 320 to
925 nm. It will be completed in the first half of 2023, and with a
field-of-view diameter of 3 degrees, aims to detect kilonovae in the near
future. In this article, considering the influence of the host galaxies and sky
brightness, we generate simulated images to investigate WFST's ability to
detect AT2017gfo-like kilonovae. Due to their spectra, host galaxies can
significantly impact kilonova detection at a longer wavelength. When kilonovae
are at peak luminosity, we find that WFST performs better in the g and r bands
and can detect 90\% (50\%) kilonovae at a luminosity distance of 248 Mpc (338
Mpc) with 30 s exposures. Furthermore, to reflect actual efficiency under
target-of-opportunity observations, we calculate the total time of follow-up
under various localization areas and distances. We find that if the
localization areas of most BNS events detected during the fourth observing (O4)
run of LIGO and Virgo are hundreds of deg, WFST is expected to find
30\% kilonovae in the first two nights during O4 period.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure
Multi-view information fusion using multi-view variational autoencoders to predict proximal femoral strength
The aim of this paper is to design a deep learning-based model to predict
proximal femoral strength using multi-view information fusion. Method: We
developed new models using multi-view variational autoencoder (MVAE) for
feature representation learning and a product of expert (PoE) model for
multi-view information fusion. We applied the proposed models to an in-house
Louisiana Osteoporosis Study (LOS) cohort with 931 male subjects, including 345
African Americans and 586 Caucasians. With an analytical solution of the
product of Gaussian distribution, we adopted variational inference to train the
designed MVAE-PoE model to perform common latent feature extraction. We
performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to select 256 genetic variants
with the lowest p-values for each proximal femoral strength and integrated
whole genome sequence (WGS) features and DXA-derived imaging features to
predict proximal femoral strength. Results: The best prediction model for fall
fracture load was acquired by integrating WGS features and DXA-derived imaging
features. The designed models achieved the mean absolute percentage error of
18.04%, 6.84% and 7.95% for predicting proximal femoral fracture loads using
linear models of fall loading, nonlinear models of fall loading, and nonlinear
models of stance loading, respectively. Compared to existing multi-view
information fusion methods, the proposed MVAE-PoE achieved the best
performance. Conclusion: The proposed models are capable of predicting proximal
femoral strength using WGS features and DXA-derived imaging features. Though
this tool is not a substitute for FEA using QCT images, it would make improved
assessment of hip fracture risk more widely available while avoiding the
increased radiation dosage and clinical costs from QCT.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure
Multi-View Variational Autoencoder for Missing Value Imputation in Untargeted Metabolomics
Background: Missing data is a common challenge in mass spectrometry-based
metabolomics, which can lead to biased and incomplete analyses. The integration
of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data with metabolomics data has emerged as a
promising approach to enhance the accuracy of data imputation in metabolomics
studies. Method: In this study, we propose a novel method that leverages the
information from WGS data and reference metabolites to impute unknown
metabolites. Our approach utilizes a multi-view variational autoencoder to
jointly model the burden score, polygenetic risk score (PGS), and linkage
disequilibrium (LD) pruned single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for feature
extraction and missing metabolomics data imputation. By learning the latent
representations of both omics data, our method can effectively impute missing
metabolomics values based on genomic information. Results: We evaluate the
performance of our method on empirical metabolomics datasets with missing
values and demonstrate its superiority compared to conventional imputation
techniques. Using 35 template metabolites derived burden scores, PGS and
LD-pruned SNPs, the proposed methods achieved R^2-scores > 0.01 for 71.55% of
metabolites. Conclusion: The integration of WGS data in metabolomics imputation
not only improves data completeness but also enhances downstream analyses,
paving the way for more comprehensive and accurate investigations of metabolic
pathways and disease associations. Our findings offer valuable insights into
the potential benefits of utilizing WGS data for metabolomics data imputation
and underscore the importance of leveraging multi-modal data integration in
precision medicine research.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure
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