Why not Merge the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)

Motivation: Cellular Electron CryoTomography (CECT) is an emerging 3D imaging technique that visualizes subcellular organization of single cells at sub-molecular resolution and in near-native state. CECT captures large numbers of macromolecular complexes of highly diverse structures and abundances. However, the structural complexity and imaging limits complicate the systematic de novo structural recovery and recognition of these macromolecular complexes. Efficient and accurate reference-free subtomogram averaging and classification represent the most critical tasks for such analysis. Existing subtomogram alignment based methods are prone to the missing wedge effects and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, existing maximum-likelihood based methods rely on integration operations, which are in principle computationally infeasible for accurate calculation. Results: Built on existing works, we propose an integrated method, Fast Alignment Maximum Likelihood method (FAML), which uses fast subtomogram alignment to sample sub-optimal rigid transformations. The transformations are then used to approximate integrals for maximum-likelihood update of subtomogram averages through expectation-maximization algorithm. Our tests on simulated and experimental subtomograms showed that, compared to our previously developed fast alignment method (FA), FAML is significantly more robust to noise and missing wedge effects with moderate increases of computation cost. Besides, FAML performs well with significantly fewer input subtomograms when the FA method fails. Therefore, FAML can serve as a key component for improved construction of initial structuralmodels frommacromolecules captured by CECT

Effects of acid rain on competitive releases of Cd, Cu, and Zn from two natural soils and two contaminated soils in hunan, China

Leaching experiments of rebuilt soil columns with two simulated acid rain solutions (pH 4.6– 3.8) were conducted for two natural soils and two artificial contaminated soils from Hunan, southcentralChina, to study effects of acid rain on competitive releases of soil Cd, Cu, and Zn. Distilled water was used in comparison. The results showed that the total releases were Zn>Cu>Cd for the natural soils and Cd>Zn≫Cu for the contaminated soils, which reflected sensitivity of these metals to acid rain. Leached with different acid rain, about 26–76% of external Cd and 11–68% external Zn were released,but more than 99% of external Cu was adsorbed by the soils, and therefore Cu had a different sorption and desosption pattern from Cd and Zn. Metal releases were obviously correlated with releases of TOC in the leachates, witch could be described as an exponential equation.Compared with the natural soils,acid rain not only led to changes in total metal contents, but also in metal fraction distributions in the contaminated soils. More acidifed soils had a lower sorption capaity to metals, mostlt related to soil properties such as pH organic matter, soil particles, adsorbed SO42-, exchangeable AI3+ and H+, and contents of Fe2O3 and AI2O3

Federated Knowledge Graph Completion via Latent Embedding Sharing and Tensor Factorization

Knowledge graphs (KGs), which consist of triples, are inherently incomplete and always require completion procedure to predict missing triples. In real-world scenarios, KGs are distributed across clients, complicating completion tasks due to privacy restrictions. Many frameworks have been proposed to address the issue of federated knowledge graph completion. However, the existing frameworks, including FedE, FedR, and FEKG, have certain limitations. = FedE poses a risk of information leakage, FedR's optimization efficacy diminishes when there is minimal overlap among relations, and FKGE suffers from computational costs and mode collapse issues. To address these issues, we propose a novel method, i.e., Federated Latent Embedding Sharing Tensor factorization (FLEST), which is a novel approach using federated tensor factorization for KG completion. FLEST decompose the embedding matrix and enables sharing of latent dictionary embeddings to lower privacy risks. Empirical results demonstrate FLEST's effectiveness and efficiency, offering a balanced solution between performance and privacy. FLEST expands the application of federated tensor factorization in KG completion tasks.Comment: Accepted by ICDM 202

Flow and heat transfer in metal foam filled pipes under two extended Darcy models

The flow and heat transfer in pipes filled with metal foams were studied numerically.In this study,the two-equation model based on LNTE (Local Non-Thermal equilibrium) was employed as energy equations,furthermore the flow models extended by Brinkman and Brinkman-Forchheimer were employed as momentum equations respectively,and a comparison between these two models was made and analysed.The numerical results indicate that the velocity profiles under two models are different,but their temperature profiles are almost the same as each other,consequently,there are barely differences between the Nu numbers under two models.According to numerical results,the Nu number of metal-foam filled pipes is of the order of magnitude of 102～103,which is much bigger than that of bare pipes and conventional heat exchangers.The metal-foam filled pipes exhibit excellent heat transfer performance,however high pressure drop is produced at the same time.By using the program for heat transfer calculation of metal foam that is developed by us,someone can make optimization of heat transfer and pressure drop in practical applications

Biodegradation behavior of micro-arc oxidation coating on magnesium alloy-from a protein perspective

Protein exerts a critical influence on the degradation behavior of absorbable magnesium (Mg)-based implants. However, the interaction mechanism between protein and a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating on Mg alloys remains unclear. Hereby, a MAO coating was fabricated on AZ31 Mg alloy. And its degradation behavior in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated and compared with that of the uncoated alloy. Surface morphologies and chemical compositions were studied using Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The degradation behavior of the bare Mg alloy and its MAO coating was studied through electrochemical and hydrogen evolution tests. Cytotoxicity assay was applied to evaluate the biocompatibility of Mg alloy substrate and MAO coating. Results indicated that the presence of BSA decreased the degradation rate of Mg alloy substrate because BSA (RCH(NH2)COO‾) molecules combined with Mg2+ ions to form (RCH(NH2)COO)2Mg and thus inhibited the dissolution of Mg(OH)2 by impeding the attack of Cl‾ ions. In the case of MAO coated Mg alloy, the adsorption of BSA on MAO coating and the formation of (RCH(NH2)COO)2Mg exhibited a synergistic effect and enhanced the corrosion resistance of the coated alloy significantly. Furthermore, cell bioactive assay suggested that the MAO coating had good viability for MG63 cells due to its high surface area

Correlation between serum cystatin C, thrombomodulin and T lymphocyte subsets in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura

19-24Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is a systemic small vessel, leucocytoclastic vasculitis disease affecting children, and the abdominal pain and joint pain are its classic triad. Here, we studied the correlation between serum cystatin C (CysC), thrombomodulin (TM), and T lymphocyte subsets in HSP cases, and the diagnostic values of these indices. A total of 120 HSP children treated at The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 2019 to May 2020 participated in this study. Another 64 healthy children receiving routine physical examination in the same time range were enrolled as a control group. In the early morning of the next day after admission, the cubital venous blood was collected. The serum levels of CysC were measured by immunoturbidimetry, the TM was detected using ELISA, while the T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the susceptibility factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive values of CysC, TM and T lymphocyte subset alone and their combination for HSP. The serum levels of CysC, TM, and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) of HSP children significantly increased and their CD3+, CD4+ levels and CD4+/CD8+ ratio significantly decreased compared with those of control group (P+, CD4+ levels and CD4+/CD8+, whereas positively with CD8+ level (P<0.05). Diet, infection, drugs, exercise-induced tiredness, air pollution, family environment, family inheritance, age, winter and spring were the susceptibility factors for children with HSP. The diagnosis using CysC, TM and T lymphocyte subsets had an AUC of 0.901, sensitivity of 93.1%, and specificity of 90.2%. In conclusion, the combined monitoring of serum CysC, TM, and T lymphocyte subsets in children with HSP can raise the accurate diagnosis rate