Action Recognition of Human’s Lower Limbs Based on a Human Joint

In order to recognize the actions of human’s lower limbs, a novel action recognition method based on a human joint was proposed. Firstly, hip joint was chosen as the recognition object, its y coordinates were as recognition parameter, and human action characteristics were achieved based on filtering and wavelet transform. Secondly, an improved self-organizing competitive neural network was proposed, which could classify the action characteristics automatically according to the classification number. The classification results of motion capture data proved the validity of the neural network. Finally,an action recognition method based on hidden Markov model (HMM) was introduced to realize the recognition of classification results of human action characteristicswith the change direction of y coordinates. The proposed action recognition method needs less action information and has a fast calculation speed. Experiments proved the method hada high recognition rate and a good application prospect

The Improvement of Chord Protocol about Structured P2P System

Chord protocol is one of the most classical protocols in structured P2P system, with the good effect, reliability, high query efficiency, and many other advantages. However, Chord agreement remains two main shortcomings the one that the searching speed of resources is slower, and the other that the detention of routing is higher. This paper in view of these shortcomings, combination with modification, then put forward the new Chord structure that super nodes and common nodes coexist, super nodes management general nodes. The new structure using Zipf-law determines the proportion of super nodes and ordinary nodes. The last, the new structure is simulated by simulation software, and the improved Chord protocol make better the previous shortcoming through the new structure compares with the Chord protocol

Efficient Content Location Using Semantic Small World in Peer-to-Peer Networks

        Locating content in unstructured peer-to-peer networks is a challenging problem. This paper presents a novel semantic small world resource search mechanism to address the problem. By using vector space model to compute the semantic relevance and applying small world properties such as low average hop distance and high clustering coefficient to construct a cluster overlay. In semantic small world system, the search mechanism is divided into two parts, searching at cluster and outside cluster through inner link and short link, so that it can achieve the incremental research. It significantly reduces the average path length and query cost. Meanwhile, the simulation results show that semantic small world scheme outperforms K-random walks and flooding scheme than higher query hit rate and lower query latency

Complete analysis on QED corrections to Bq → τ+ τ−B_{q}\, \to\, \tau^+\, \tau^-

Motivated by a dynamical enhancement of the electromagnetic corrections by a power of $\Lambda_{\mathrm{QCD}}/m_b$ in $B_{d,s}\, \to\, \mu^+\, \mu^-$ at next-to-leading order (NLO), we extend the QED factorization effects on the leptonic $B$ meson decays with light muon leptons to tauonic final states, $B_{d,s} \, \to\, \tau^+\, \tau^-$, using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). This extension is necessary owing to the appearance of the large $\tau$ mass, which will lead to different power counting in SCET and also different results. We provide a complete NLO electromagnetic corrections to $B_{d,s} \, \to\, \tau^+\, \tau^-$, which include hard functions and hard-collinear functions below the bottom quark mass scale $\mu_b$. The power enhanced electromagnetic effects from hard-collinear contributions on $B_{d,s}\, \to\, \mu^+\, \mu^-$ discussed before also exist in $B_{d,s} \, \to\, \tau^+\, \tau^-$. However the logarithm term arising from contributions of hard-collinear photon and lepton virtualities for $B_{d,s}\, \to\, \tau^+\, \tau^-$ is not large as it is in muon case due to the hard-collinear scale of $\tau$ mass, which lead to only approximately $0.04\%$ QED corrections to the branching fraction of $B_{d,s} \, \to\, \tau^+\, \tau^-$ compared with overall reduction about $0.5\%$ in $B_{d,s}\, \to\, \mu^+\, \mu^-$.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figure

Positive selection for the male functionality of a co-retroposed gene in the hominoids

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>New genes generated by retroposition are widespread in humans and other mammalian species. Usually, this process copies a single parental gene and inserts it into a distant genomic location. However, retroposition of two adjacent parental genes, <it>i.e</it>. co-retroposition, had not been reported until the hominoid chimeric gene, <it>PIPSL</it>, was identified recently. It was shown how two genes linked in tandem (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, alpha, <it>PIP5K1A </it>and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4, <it>PSMD4</it>) could be co-retroposed from a single RNA molecule to form this novel chimeric gene. However, understanding of the origination and biological function of <it>PIPSL </it>requires determination of the coding potential of this gene as well as the evolutionary forces acting on its hominoid copies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We tackled these problems by analyzing the evolutionary signature in both within-species variation and between species divergence in the sequence and structure of the gene. We revealed a significant evolutionary signature: the coding region has significantly lower sequence variation, especially insertions and deletions, suggesting that the human copy may encode a protein. Moreover, a survey across five different hominoid species revealed that all adaptive changes of <it>PSMD4</it>-derived regions occurred on branches leading to human and chimp rather than other hominoid lineages. Finally, computational analysis suggests testis-specific transcription of <it>PIPSL </it>is regulated by tissue-dependent methylation rather than some transcriptional leakage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Therefore, this set of analyses showed that <it>PIPSL </it>is an extraordinary co-retroposed protein-coding gene that may participate in the male functions of humans and its close relatives.</p

(5-Bromo-2-methyl­phen­yl)(4-eth­oxy­phen­yl)methanone

In the title compound, C16H15BrO2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 68.5 (2)°. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains parallel to the b axis

Nanoelectrode design from microminiaturized honeycomb monolith with ultrathin and stiff nanoscaffold for high-energy micro-supercapacitors

Downsizing the cell size of honeycomb monoliths to nanoscale would offer high freedom of nanostructure design beyond their capability for broad applications in different fields. However, the microminiaturization of honeycomb monoliths remains a challenge. Here, we report the fabrication of microminiaturized honeycomb monoliths-honeycomb alumina nanoscaffold- and thus as a robust nanostructuring platform to assemble active materials for microsupercapacitors. The representative honeycomb alumina nanoscaffold with hexagonal cell arrangement and 400 nm inter-cell spacing has an ultrathin but stiff nanoscaffold with only 16 ± 2 nm cell-wall-thickness, resulting in a cell density of 4.65 × 109 cells per square inch, a surface area enhancement factor of 240, and a relative density of 0.0784. These features allow nanoelectrodes based on honeycomb alumina nanoscaffold synergizing both effective ion migration and ample electroactive surface area within limited footprint. A microsupercapacitor is finally constructed and exhibits record high performance, suggesting the feasibility of the current design for energy storage devices