Crystalline sulfur dioxide: Crystal field splittings, absolute band intensities and complex refractive indices derived from infrared spectra

The infrared absorption spectra of thin crystalline films of sulfur dioxide at 90 K are reported in the 2700 to 450/cm region. The observed multiplicity of the spectral features in the regions of fundamentals is attributed to factor group splittings of the modes in a biaxial crystal lattice and the naturally present minor S-34, S-36, and O-18 isotopic species. Complex refractive indices determined by an iterative Kramers-Kronig analysis of the extinction data, and absolute band strengths derived from them, are also reported in this region

Research on Effects of Chinese Current Tax System Adjustment on Income Distribution of Urban Residents

This article analyzes the adjustment effect of Chinese current tax system on income gap among urban residents, using statistical and econometric research methods, and a series of the Gini coefficient, income equality index and etc. to calculate and compare income disparity of urban residents in the existing tax system. The research result shows that the existing tax system has hardly any effect on income distribution of urban residents. Thus the last part of this article puts forward some suggestions to the government on how to reform currently tax system in order to improve people's livelihood, and promote harmonious development. Key words: Tax system; Income gap; Adjustment effects Résumé: Cet article analyse l'effet de l'ajustement de l'actuel régime fiscal chinois sur l'écart des revenus entre les habitants urbains, en utilisant des méthodes de recherche statistique et économétrique, ainsi qu'une série de coefficients de Gini, l'indice de l'égalité des revenus afin de calculer et de comparer les disparités de revenus des résidents urbains dans la l'actuel régime fiscal. Le résultat de la recherche montre que le système fiscal actuel n'a guère d'effet sur la répartition des revenus des résidents urbains. Ainsi, la dernière partie de cet article met en avant quelques suggestions au gouvernement sur la façon de réformer l'actuel système fiscal en vue d'améliorer la vie du peuple, et de promouvoir un développement harmonieux. Mots-clés: Système fiscal; Écart des revenues; Effets d'ajustemen

Hyperglycemia Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress in Mice Is Associated With Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Injury and Not Just the Direct Effect of Glucocorticoids

Chronic restraint stress (CRS) can affect hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and increase glucocorticoid levels. Glucocorticoids are stress hormones that regulate multiple aspects of energy homeostasis. Stress also impairs glucose tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of insulin-resistant hyperglycemia during CRS. We produced the CRS models (a 7-day restraint followed by a 3-day free moving procedure, total of 4 cycles for 40 days) in mice, detected the parameters related to glucose metabolism, and compared them to those of the dexamethasone (DEX) injection (0.2 mg/kg i.p., also a 4 cycle procedure as the CRS). The results showed that the CRS induced a moderate (not higher than 11 mmol/L) and irreversible insulin-resistant hyperglycemia in about 1/3 of the individuals, and all the restrained mice had adrenal hypertrophy. CRS induced the apoptosis of neurons in the anterior part of commissural subnucleus of nucleus tractus solitarius (acNTS) in the hyperglycemic mice, and acNTS mechanical damage also led to insulin-resistant hyperglycemia. In contrast, in the DEX-treated mice, adrenal gland atrophy was evident. The glucose and insulin tolerance varied with the delay of determination. DEX exposure in vivo does not induce the apoptosis of neurons in NTS. This study indicates that restraint stress and DEX induce metabolic disorders through different mechanisms. During CRS, injury (apoptosis) of glucose-sensitive acNTS neurons cause dysregulation of blood glucose. This study also suggests the mouse restraint stress model has value as a potential application in the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia

SOAC engine: A system to manage composite web service authorization

The authorization of composite web services is different from traditional authorization in a close system due to the dynamic and complex relationships among service consumers and resources (component services). This demonstration is to show the functionality of a system named Service Oriented Authorization Control Engine (SOAC Engine)

Research on the scale effects of solute transport in a bended karst conduit

Research on the scale effect of solute transport in karst conduits is very important for the correct interpretation of breakthrough curves (BTCs), but the scale effect of solute transport in a bended conduit has not been examined. In this paper, a karst conduit and a pool developed within the conduit are generalized into the transparent hose and cubic pool, respectively. Based on the previously established pool-pipe system, the bended pipes with different lengths are arranged downstream of the pool, and the tracer experiments are conducted to study the effect of the transport scale on the BTCs in conduits. We use the transient storage model to simulate the experimental curves. The results show that with the increasing pipe length downstream the pool, the peak concentration gradually decreases slowly, the rising slope of the BTCs does not change significantly, and the BTC tails gradually shorten, indicating that the longer transport distance exerts a larger effect on solute transport than the conduit bend. The coefficient of skewness (CSK), breakthrough time of posterior solute plume (tre) and breakthrough time of solute plume (td) are well negatively correlated with the length of the pipe system (R2>0.96). When the length of the pipe system with the symmetrical or asymmetrical pool increases to 154.5 m and 164.3 m, respectively, the CSK is close to zero, and the BTC is nearly symmetrical. The dispersion coefficient (D), cross-sectional area of the storage zones (As) and exchange coefficient (α) have a good negative correlation with the length of the pipe system. When the length of the pipe system with the symmetrical or asymmetrical pool increases to 159.9 m and 178.1 m, respectively, the As is close to zero. Then, the solute retention caused by the pool basically disappears. The results have certain indications for the interpretation of the BTCs in field karst conduits

Engineering and delivery of nanocolloids of hydrophobic drugs

A lot of efforts have been devoted to engineering the delivery of hydrophobic drugs due to the high demand of chemotherapy against cancer. While early developed liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles did not meet the requirements of high drug loading efficiency, pure drug nanoparticles appeared to meet these together with high stability. Current drug delivery systems demand an improved performance over the whole aspects of stability, loading capacity, and therapeutic effects. As a result, both new techniques based on traditional methods and totally new procedures are under investigation. In this review, we focus on the evaluation of pure drug nanolloids fabricated by different engineering protocols with emphasis on the size and morphology, delivery and controlled release, and therapeutic effects of these drug nanocolloids.</p

On the alternating direction method of multipliers for nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problems with partial eigendata

We consider the nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem with partial eigendata, which aims to find a nonnegative matrix such that it is nearest to a pre-estimated nonnegative matrix and satisfies the prescribed eigendata. In this paper, we propose several iterative schemes based on the alternating direction method of multipliers for solving the nonnegative inverse problem. We also extend our schemes to the symmetric case and the cases of prescribed lower bounds and of prescribed entries. Numerical tests (including a practical engineering application in vibrations) show the efficiency of the proposed iterative schemes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved