GenomeFingerprinter and universal genome fingerprint analysis for systematic comparative genomics

How to compare whole genome sequences at large scale has not been achieved via conventional methods based on pair-wisely base-to-base comparison; nevertheless, no attention was paid to handle in-one-sitting a number of genomes crossing genetic category (chromosome, plasmid, and phage) with farther divergences (much less or no homologous) over large size ranges (from Kbp to Mbp). We created a new method, GenomeFingerprinter, to unambiguously produce three-dimensional coordinates from a sequence, followed by one three-dimensional plot and six two-dimensional trajectory projections to illustrate whole genome fingerprints. We further developed a set of concepts and tools and thereby established a new method, universal genome fingerprint analysis. We demonstrated their applications through case studies on over a hundred of genome sequences. Particularly, we defined the total genetic component configuration (TGCC) (i.e., chromosome, plasmid, and phage) for describing a strain as a system, and the universal genome fingerprint map (UGFM) of TGCC for differentiating a strain as a universal system, as well as the systematic comparative genomics (SCG) for comparing in-one-sitting a number of genomes crossing genetic category in diverse strains. By using UGFM, UGFM-TGCC, and UGFM-TGCC-SCG, we compared a number of genome sequences with farther divergences (chromosome, plasmid, and phage; bacterium, archaeal bacterium, and virus) over large size ranges (6Kbp~5Mbp), giving new insights into critical problematic issues in microbial genomics in the post-genomic era. This paper provided a new method for rapidly computing, geometrically visualizing, and intuitively comparing genome sequences at fingerprint level, and hence established a new method of universal genome fingerprint analysis for systematic comparative genomics.Comment: 63 pages, 15 figures, 5 table

Genetically engineered pre-microRNA-34a prodrug suppresses orthotopic osteosarcoma xenograft tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children, and microRNA-34a (miR-34a) replacement therapy represents a new treatment strategy. This study was to define the effectiveness and safety profiles of a novel bioengineered miR-34a prodrug in orthotopic OS xenograft tumor mouse model. Highly purified pre-miR-34a prodrug significantly inhibited the proliferation of human 143B and MG-63 cells in a dose dependent manner and to much greater degrees than controls, which was attributed to induction of apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of OS cell growth and invasion were associated with release of high levels of mature miR-34a from pre-miR-34a prodrug and consequently reduction of protein levels of many miR-34a target genes including SIRT1, BCL2, c-MET, and CDK6. Furthermore, intravenous administration of in vivo-jetPEI formulated miR-34a prodrug significantly reduced OS tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In addition, mouse blood chemistry profiles indicated that therapeutic doses of bioengineered miR-34a prodrug were well tolerated in these animals. The results demonstrated that bioengineered miR-34a prodrug was effective to control OS tumor growth which involved the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, supporting the development of bioengineered RNAs as a novel class of large molecule therapeutic agents

Talents Oriented Strategy of Online Learning in Universities

This article argues online learning strategy and teaching characteristics in universities. First it introduces learning activities in EFL must be integrated with technology appropriately to develop talents effectively. Then it puts forward the idea of talents oriented integrative online learning. For incorporating active learning into online teaching it lists some active learning strategies that can be adapted for the online “classroom”. Finally it recommends the detailed talents oriented strategy of online learning design and analyzes effective and appropriate items for learning activity. Key words: Talents; Online Learning; Strategy; Universities; EFLRésumé: Cet article parle de la stratégie d'apprentissage en ligne et des caractéristiques de l'enseignement en ligne dans les universités. Premièrement, il introduit des activités d'apprentissage EFL (English as foreign language) qui doivent être intégrées avec la technologie appropriée pour développer les talents de façon efficace. Puis il met en avant l'idée de l'apprentissage en ligne. Pour incorporer l'apprentissage actif dans l'enseignement en ligne, il énumère quelques-unes des stratégies d'apprentissage actives qui peuvent être adaptées à la «classe» en ligne. Et finalement, il recommande la stratégie orientées vers les talents détaillée de la conception de l'apprentissage en ligne et analyse des éléments efficaces et appropriées pour les activités d'apprentissage.Mots-Clés: talents; apprentissage en ligne; stratégie; universités; EF

Singly authored papers contribute the most to scientists’ impact

Utilizing citation data for 100,000 most-cited scientists in the Scopus database, this paper investigated how citations received by an author in different authorship affect his/her academic impact differently. Using a linear regression model as an estimation, it shows that the citations received as the single author of a paper elevates the academic impact the most, followed by that as the first (but not single) author, last author, and middle author. Differences also emerged when we probed into different research fields separately as in some fields citations in the four types of authorship do not differ a lot, and also in some fields, the last-authored citations could 'outweigh' the first-authored ones

Obligation or Desire: Variation in Motivation for Compliance With COVID-19 Public Health Guidance

Why do people comply with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health guidance? This study considers cultural-psychological foundations of variation in beliefs about motivations for such compliance. Specifically, we focused on beliefs about two sources of prosocial motivation: desire to protect others and obligation to society. Across two studies, we observed that the relative emphasis on the desire to protect others (vs. the obligation to the community) as an explanation for compliance was greater in the United States settings associated with cultural ecologies of abstracted independence than in Chinese settings associated with cultural ecologies of embedded interdependence. We observed these patterns for explanations of psychological experience of both others (Study 1) and self (Study 2), and for compliance with mandates for both social distancing and face masks (Study 2). Discussion of results considers both practical implications for motivating compliance with public health guidance and theoretical implications for denaturalizing prevailing accounts of prosocial motivation

(S)-2-[(S,Z)-3-Bromo-1-nitro-4-phenyl­but-3-en-2-yl]cyclo­hexa­none

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C16H18BrNO3, the two stereogenic centres both have an S configuration. The cyclo­hexyl ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak N—O⋯Br contacts [O⋯Br = 3.289 (4) Å]