Disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection in an aplastic anemia- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria syndrome patient: A case report

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is a common and widespread human-restricted pathogen. It is famous for its dermatological manifestations, such as varicella and herpes zoster. Patients with aplastic anemia-paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (AA-PNH) syndrome complicated with fatal disseminated varicella zoster virus infection are very rare and in danger.Patient concernsA 26-year-old man with a history of AA-PNH syndrome was receiving cyclosporine and corticosteroid treatment in the hematology department. During his hospitalization in our hospital, he developed fever, abdominal pain, and lower back pain, and his face, penis, trunk, and limbs developed itchy rash. Subsequently, the patient had to undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of sudden cardiac arrest, and be transferred to ICU for treatment. It was presumed that the cause is unknown severe sepsis. The patient’s condition quickly progressed to multiple organ failure, accompanied by liver, respiratory, and circulatory failure, and signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Unfortunately, the patient died after 8 h of active treatment. Finally, we collected all the evidence and concluded that the patient died of AA-PNH syndrome combined with poxzoster virus.ConclusionAA-PNH syndrome patients treated with steroids and immunosuppressants are prone to various infections, considering that herpes virus infection with chickenpox and rash as the initial manifestations is characterized by rapid progress and often accompanied by serious complications. It is more difficult to distinguish it from AA-PNH syndrome with skin bleeding points. If it is not identified in time, it may delay the treatment opportunity, make the condition worse, and cause serious adverse prognosis. Therefore, clinicians need to pay attention to it

Grassland greening on the Mongolian Plateau despite higher grazing intensity

Changes in land management and climate alter vegetation dynamics, but the determinants of vegetation changes often remain elusive, especially in global drylands. Here we assess the determinants of grassland greenness on the Mongolian Plateau, one of the world's largest grassland biomes, which covers Mongolia and the province of Inner Mongolia in China. We use spatial panel regressions to quantify the impact of precipitation, temperature, radiation, and the intensity of livestock grazing on the normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) during the growing seasons from 1982 to 2015 at the county level. The results suggest that the Mongolian Plateau experienced vegetation greening from 1982 to 2015. Precipitation and animal density were the most influential factors contributing to higher NDVI on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. Our results highlight the dominant effect of climate variability, and especially of the precipitation variability, on the grassland greenness in Mongolian drylands. The findings challenge the common belief that higher grazing pressure is the key driver for land degradation. The analysis exemplifies how representative wall‐to‐wall results for large areas can be attained from exploring space–time data and adds empirical insights to the puzzling relationship between grazing intensity and vegetation growth in dryland areas.European Union's Framework Programme for Research and Innovation ‐ Horizon 2020 (2014‐2020)Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of GermanyPeer Reviewe

Research on Diagenetic Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Periods of Chang 8 Reservoir in Zhenjing Area of Ordos Basin

The Mesozoic Chang 8 Section in the Zhenjing area is a typical low permeability-tight sand reservoir and is regarded as the most important set of paybeds in the study area. Guided by the principles of basic geological theory, the diagenetic evolution process and hydrocarbon accumulation periods of the Chang 8 reservoir in the study area were determined through various techniques. More specifically, core observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vitrinite reflectance experiments were performed in combination with systematic studies on rock pyrolysis and the thermal evolutionary history of basins, the illite-dating method, and so on. The Chang 8 reservoir is dominated by feldspar lithic and lithic feldspar sandstones. Quartz, feldspar, and lithic fragments are the major clastic constituents. In clay minerals, the chlorite content is the highest, followed by illite/smectite formation and kaolinite, while the illite content is the lowest. The major diagenesis effect of the Chang 8 reservoir includes compaction, cementation, dissolution, metasomatism, and rupturing. The assumed diagenetic sequence is the following: mechanical composition → early sedimentation of chlorite clay mineral membrane → early cementation of sparry calcite → authigenic kaolinite precipitation → secondary production and amplification of quartz → dissolution of carbonate cement → dissolution of feldspar → late cementation of minerals such as ferrocalcite. Now, the study area is in Stage A in the middle diagenetic period. Through the inclusion of temperature measurements, in conjunction with illite dating and thermal evolutionary history analysis technology in basins, the Chang 8 reservoir of this study was determined as the phase-I continuous accumulation process and the reservoir formation epoch was 105~125 Ma, which was assigned to the Middle Early Cretaceous Epoch

Differential hydrocarbon enrichment in deep Paleogene tight sandstones of the Dongpu Depression in Eastern China

To clarify the characteristics and enrichment rules of Paleogene tight sandstone reservoirs inside the rifted-basin of Eastern China, the third member of Shahejie Formation (abbreviated as Es3) in Wendong area of Dongpu Depression is selected as the research object. It not only clarified the geochemical characteristics of oil and natural gas in the Es3 of Wendong area through testing and analysis of crude oil biomarkers, natural gas components and carbon isotopes, etc.; but also compared and explained the types and geneses of oil and gas reservoirs in slope zone and sub-sag zone by matching relationship between the porosity evolution of tight reservoirs and the charging process of hydrocarbons. Significant differences have been found between the properties and the enrichment rules of hydrocarbon reservoirs in different structural areas in Wendong area. The study shows that the Paleogene hydrocarbon resources are quasi-continuous distribution in Wendong area. The late kerogen pyrolysis gas, light crude oil, medium crude oil, oil-cracked gas and the early kerogen pyrolysis gas are distributed in a semicircle successively, from the center of sub-sag zone to the uplift belt, that is the result of two discontinuous hydrocarbon charging. Among them, the slope zone is dominated by early conventional filling of oil-gas mixture (at the late deposition period of Dongying Formation, about 31–27 Ma ago), while the reservoirs are gradually densified in the late stage without large-scale hydrocarbon charging (since the deposition stage of Minghuazhen Formation, about 6–0 Ma). In contrast, the sub-sag zone is lack of oil reservoirs, but a lot of late kerogen pyrolysis gas reservoirs are enriched, and the reservoir densification and hydrocarbon filling occur in both early and late stages

Tectono-thermal evolution, hydrocarbon filling and accumulation phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase, uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY R-o% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance (R-o) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a. 105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43-45 degrees C/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59-80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo-temperature was over 180 degrees C. Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation (K(1)b) occurred primarily around 105.59-103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125-150 degrees C. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation (K(1)s) occurred primarily around 84.00-80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120-130 degrees C. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation, which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation

Forearc tectonic evolution in the middle of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethys Ocean: New geochemical evidence of the Lanong ophiolites from the Zangbei lakes region

The middle of the Bangong–Nujiang Suture (BNS) in the central Tibetan Plateau hosts a series of dismembered ophiolitic fragments that document the evolution of part of the Tethys Ocean. However, the origin of these ophiolitic fragments in the Zangbei lakes region remains debated. Using new and existing field observations and petrographic, geochronologic, isotopic, and whole-rock chemical data from ophiolitic rocks in the Zangbei lakes region, we evaluate their origins and constrain the tectonic evolution of the Bangong–Nujiang Tethys Ocean (BNTO). The Lanong peridotites have low rare-earth element (REE) concentrations and typically exhibit U-shaped REE patterns that are similar to those of forearc peridotites from South Sandwich and Xigaze. Lanong basalts and others mafic rocks from the Zangbei lakes region show enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and depletion in high-field-strength elements, and they have clear forearc and boninitic affinities in various tectonic discrimination diagrams. In addition, the Lanong basalts have initial Nd/Nd ratios of 0.512307 to 0.512773, and ε(t) values of −2.7 to +6.3. Considering the regional geology, previous geochronologic data from the ophiolitic fragments (147.6\ua0±\ua02.3\ua0Ma to 189.8\ua0±\ua03.3\ua0Ma) and the Darutso high-Mg andesites (161.5\ua0±\ua00.9\ua0Ma to 164.2\ua0±\ua01.4\ua0Ma), and the lack of Jurassic arc-related rocks in the northern Lhasa terrane, we conclude that the Jurassic ophiolitic fragments of the Zangbei lakes region were derived from a depleted mantle source and formed in a forearc basin in response to north-directed subduction of the BNTO

Control effects of temperature and thermal evolution history of deep and ultra-deep layers on hydrocarbon phase state and hydrocarbon generation history

Deep and ultra-deep layers in the petroliferous basins of China are characterized by large temperature difference and complicated thermal evolution history. The control effects of temperature and thermal evolution history on the differences of hydrocarbon phase states and the hydrocarbon generation history in deep and ultra-deep layers are researched less and unsystematically. To deal with this situation, based on a large number of temperature and pressure data of deep layers and combined with the complicated historical situation of deep layer evolution in the oil and gas basins of China, the effects of temperature, heating time and pressure on the hydrocarbon formation temperature and phase state were analyzed, and the types of temperature and pressure relationships were classified. Finally, based on the classification of thermal evolution history of deep and ultra-deep layers, We discussed the control effects of basin thermal evolution history on the hydrocarbon generation and phase state, and the following research results were obtained. First, the hydrocarbon phase states of deep layers in different basins and regions are greatly different, and they are mainly affected by temperature, heating time, heating rate, pressure, source rock types and other factors. And temperature is the most important factor controlling hydrocarbon generation and phase state distribution. Second, under the conditions of rapid temperature increasing and short heating time, there still may be oil reservoirs and condensate gas reservoirs in deep and ultra-deep layers in the case of high temperature. Third, overpressure inhibits hydrocarbon generation and pyrolysis. Fourth, there is a close relationship between temperature and formation pressure of deep layers, which can be divided into three types, i.e., low–medium temperature and high pressure type, high temperature and high pressure type, and medium temperature and low–medium pressure type. Fifth, the thermal evolution history of deep and ultra-deep layers can be divided into four types, namely the late rapid subsidence, heating and low geothermal gradient type, the late rapid subsidence, heating and high geothermal gradient type, the middle–late rapid heating and late uplifting and cooling type, and the early great subsidence and rapid heating and middle–late great uplift erosion and cooling type. In conclusion, deep and ultra-deep layers in the basins with different types of thermal history are different in hydrocarbon phase states, accumulation stages and prospects

Discussion of the coupling relationships between the Cenozoic sedimentary-tectonic migration of the Weihe Basin and the uplift of the Weibei and East Qinling areas

The Weihe Basin, Weibei uplift and the eastern Qinling orogen are located at the junction of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton. They constitute the unique basin-range system with oil and gas, helium and geothermal resources. The Cenozoic is a key period related with the sedimentary-tectonic evolution of the Weihe Basin, the uplift of the Weibei uplift and the eastern Qinling orogen. However, the coupling relation of these processes remains poorly constrained, which hinder the understanding of distribution of regional mineral resources. The basin-range coupling is reflected in time, space, material, tectonism and earth surface morphology. We analyzed the range and rate of the tectonic subsidence based on a large number of borehole data via the"backstripping", and restored the basin sedimentary evolution history according to the distribution of sedimentary thickness at the different stages during main settlement period. The results showed that the Cenozoic sedimentary-tectonic evolution of the Weihe Basin is characterized by migration from southwestern Xi'an depression to northeastern Gushi depression. There was a rapidly subsidence in the Weihe Basin during the Paleocene-Eocene, and then the Xi'an depression became the main depocenter and subsidence center at the Early-Middle Miocene. At the Late Miocene, both of the Xi'an and Gushi depressions became the main depocenter and subsidence center. During Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene, the subsidence center migrated to the northeastern Gushi depression. Late Pleistocene, both of the Xi'an depression and Gushi depressions were in a rapid subsidence. The results of fission track dating indicated that the Weibei uplift experienced a rapid uplift during the period from ca. 45 Ma to ca. 32 Ma, which was synchronous with a ca. 57~40 Ma rapid uplift in the Taibai and Huashan Mountains. These uplifts are coupled with the ca. 40 Ma rapid subsidence of the Weihe Basin. The sustained rapid subsidence of the Weihe Basin from ca. 7.3 Ma in the Late Miocene was basically consistent with the rapid uplifts of the Weibei uplift at ca. 5 Ma, the Taibai Mountain at ca. 10~ 9.6 Ma and the Huashan Mountain at ca. 8~5 Ma. The basin-range coupling reported in this paper is possible influenced by the complicated geodynamic processes of the subduction of the Pacific plate, the ca. 55~45 Ma collision between the India and Eurasia plates and the long-range effect of the ca. 10~8 Ma uplift and extension of the Tibetan Plateau

Fluid Phase Equilib.

Two low viscous ionic liquids (ILs), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide ([C(2)OHmim][DCA]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Bmim][DCA]) were selected to mixed with aqueous 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) for CO2 absorption. The solubility of CO2 in the aqueous mixtures of MEA + ILs was measured over a range of CO2 partial pressure of 10-800 kPa and ILs concentrations from 10 to 50 wt% at 313.15K and 333.15 K. Correlations of solubility as a function of CO2 partial pressure have been conducted with deviation of +/- 1.5%. Moreover, the density and viscosity of pure ILs and MEA + ILs + H2O systems with different IL mass fractions were measured at temperature varying from 293.15 to 333.15 K. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Two low viscous ionic liquids (ILs), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide ([C(2)OHmim][DCA]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Bmim][DCA]) were selected to mixed with aqueous 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) for CO2 absorption. The solubility of CO2 in the aqueous mixtures of MEA + ILs was measured over a range of CO2 partial pressure of 10-800 kPa and ILs concentrations from 10 to 50 wt% at 313.15K and 333.15 K. Correlations of solubility as a function of CO2 partial pressure have been conducted with deviation of +/- 1.5%. Moreover, the density and viscosity of pure ILs and MEA + ILs + H2O systems with different IL mass fractions were measured at temperature varying from 293.15 to 333.15 K. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Genesis and Accumulation Period of CO₂ Gas Reservoir in Hailar Basin

Gas reservoirs with high CO2 have been found in several wells in the Hailar Basin. In this paper, a composition analysis, stable carbon isotope analysis, and a rare gas helium isotope 3He/4He and argon isotope 40Ar/36Ar analysis were carried out. These comprehensive analyses show that the CO2 in the Hailar Basin is inorganic-origin gas, which generally has the characteristics of crust–mantle-mixed CO2, and the fraction of helium of mantle source can reach 15.12~18.76%. There are various types of CO2 gas reservoirs. CO2 gas mainly comes from deep crust. The distribution of gas reservoirs is mainly controlled by deep faults and volcanic rocks, as well as by reservoir properties and preservation conditions. Magmatic rocks provide gas source conditions for the formation of inorganic CO2 reservoirs. Deep–large faults provide the main migration channels for CO2 gas. The sandy conglomerate and bedrock weathering crust of the Nantun Formation and the Tongbomiao Formation provide favorable reservoir spaces for the formation of CO2 gas reservoirs. The combination of volcanic rock mass and deep–large faults creates a favorable area for CO2 gas accumulation. The age of magmatic intrusion and the homogenization temperature of oil–gas inclusions in Dawsonite-bearing sandstone indicate that 120 Ma in the Early Cretaceous was the initial gas generation period of the CO2 reservoir and that oil and gas were injected into the reservoir in large quantities in 122~88 Ma. This period is the peak period of magmatic activity in Northeast China, as well as when the crust of Northeast China greatly changed. A large-scale CO2 injection period occurred in 100~80 Ma, slightly later than the large-scale injection period of the oil and gas. Since the Cenozoic, the structure has been reversed, and the gas reservoir has been adjusted