Decolorization and biodegradability of dyeing wastewater treated by a TiO?-sensitized photo-oxidation process

Author name used in this publication: X. Z. LiAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Advance of molecular marker application in the tobacco research

Tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) is one of the most important commercial crops in the world. During the last two decades, molecular markers have entered the scene of genetic improvement in different fields of agricultural research. The principles and characteristics of several molecular markers such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, microsatellites and minisatellites applied in tobacco genetics and breeding were reviewed. The application and development of molecular marker in tobacco genetic research was presentedemphatically in the following areas: evolutionary genetics, population genetics and genotyping of cultivars, mapping and tagging of genes, and diversity analysis of germplasm. Finally, the perspective of molecular marker’s application in tobacco genetic breeding in the future was discussed

Disinfection of municipal wastewater by sensitized photooxidation

Author name used in this publication: H. ChuaAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Community succession analysis and environmental biological processes of naturally colonized vegetation on abandoned hilly lands and implications for vegetation restoration strategy in Shanxi, China

Data were collected simultaneously at different succession stages using a space-for-time substitution, and were analyzed using the quantitative classification method (TWINSPAN) and the ordination technique (DCA). The community succession of natural colonized plants on abandoned hilly lands in Shanxi are below: Assoc. Potentilla chinensis + Setaria viridis ¨ Assoc. Artemisia sacrorum + S. viridis + Oxytropis caoraloa ¨ Assoc. A. sacrorum + Artemisia capillaries ¨ Assoc. A. capillaries + Pedivularis shansiensis + Echinops pseudosetifer ¨ Assoc. Hippophae rhamnoides. A. sacrorum + Cleistogenes squarrosa ¨ Assoc. H. rhamnoides + Ostryopsis davidiana.A. sacrorum ¨ Assoc. O. davidiana.A. sacrorum + Dendranthema chanetii ¨ Assoc. Populus davidiana.Caragana korshinskii.A. sacrorum ¨ Assoc. Larix principis-rupprechtii.H. rhamnoides.A. sacrorum. This established a recovery model of natural vegetation on abandoned hilly lands in Shanxi. The structure, composition and life-forms changed significantly during succession. Four indices of species diversity were used to analyze changes in the heterogeneity, dominance, richness and evenness of species during the succession process. The species richness and heterogeneity of plant communities increased significantly, the dominance decreased obviously and the evenness decreased slightly. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) also proved the significance of these five indices. Pioneer species of S. viridis, A. sacrorum, O. caoraloa, A. capillaries, P. shansiensis, E. pseudosetifer, C. squarrosa, H. rhamnoides, O. davidia, C. korshinskii, P. davidiana and L. principis-rupprechtii, etc. colonize successfully and play important roles on the vegetation restoration of abandoned hilly lands.Keywords: Abandoned hilly lands, vegetation community succession, environmental biological process, soil quality

Preventive treatment for diseases: A practice model. a challenge for hospital management in the field of integrative medicine

The concept of preventive treatment for diseases in the Chinese context originated in an ancient Chinese medical text called The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon or The Inner Canon of Huangdi. This concept is that of taking treatment measures in order to prevent recurrence of diseases and consequent deterioration in health and well-being. There are three aspects of preventive treatment: 1) preventive measures before the onset of the illness; 2) measures taken against deterioration during the illness; and 3) measures taken against relapse after recovery.1 The authors introduced a Tradtional Chinese Medicine (TCM) model of preventive treatment for diseases into the clinical health care practice at Guangdong Women's and Children's Hospital (GDWCH). TCM principles and methodologies were applied along with modern medical practices of diagnosis and treatment. The study found that the new model of integrative medicine applied at GDWCH presented a wide range of possibilities for both social benefits and good medical prognosis

Structural Simplification of Bedaquiline: the Discovery of 3-(4-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl)quinoline Derived Antitubercular Lead Compounds

Bedaquiline (BDQ) is a novel and highly potent last-line antituberculosis drug that was approved by the US FDA in 2013. Owing to its stereo-structural complexity, chemical synthesis and compound optimization are rather difficult and expensive. This study describes the structural simplification of bedaquiline while preserving antitubercular activity. The compound's structure was split into fragments and reassembled in various combinations while replacing the two chiral carbon atoms with an achiral linkage instead. Four series of analogues were designed; these candidates retained their potent antitubercular activity at sub-microgram per mL concentrations against both sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Six out of the top nine MIC-ranked candidates were found to inhibit mycobacterial ATP synthesis activity with IC50 values between 20 and 40 μm, one had IC50>66 μm, and two showed no inhibition, despite their antitubercular activity. These results provide a basis for the development of chemically less complex, lower-cost bedaquiline derivatives and describe the identification of two derivatives with antitubercular activity against non-ATP synthase related targets

Analytical technology aided optimization and scale-up of impinging jet mixer for reactive crystallization process

Reactive crystallization is widely used in the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Since APIs often have low solubility, traditional stirred tank reactors and the route of process operation and control using metastable zone width are not effective. The current work investigated the integration of an impinging jet mixer and a stirred tank crystallizer that can take advantage of both the reaction and crystallization characteristics, the focus being on design optimization and scale-up using process analytical techniques based on the Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy and Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement, as well as X-ray diffraction and particle imaging Morphologi G3. The parameters for process operation and design of the impinging jet mixer were optimized. The research was carried out with reference to the manufacture of an antibiotic, sodium cefuroxime, firstly in a 1L reactor, then a 10L reactor. The crystals produced showed higher crystallinity, narrower size distribution, higher stability and purity

A RAMP marker linked to the tobacco black shank resistant gene

Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and randomly amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) were employed to analyze F2 individuals of the Yunyan 317×Hubei 517 to screen and characterize molecularmarkers linked to black shank resistant gene. A total of 800 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primerpairs were used for RAMP analysis. Primer pair GT (CA) 4/S89, producing one RAMP marker GT (CA)4/S89550, was tightly linked to the black shank resistant gene. Results of Southern blot suggest that the fragment GT (CA) 4/S89550 was existed in Yunyan 317 and resistant plants, and absent in Hubei 517.Linkage analysis was carried out using marker GT (CA) 4/S89550 on 752 black shank high-resistant individuals of F2 progenies from crossing between Yunyan 317 and Hubei 517. Our results indicated thatthe genetic distances between GT (CA) 4/S89550 and black shank resistant gene was 1.4cM

Seed Recipe Design for Batch Cooling Crystallization with Application to l-Glutamic Acid

In this paper, a seed recipe design is proposed for batch cooling crystallization to obtain the desired product attributes including product yield and product size distribution, based on simulation studies and experiments on β-l-glutamic acid (β-LGA) crystallization. The impact of seed recipe on product attributes is investigated based on the population balance model (PBM) simulations with respect to the size-dependent growth of crystals. It is found that the product yield is primarily affected by the seed loading ratio (SLR) and the batch time, but less affected by the mean size and variance of seeds. Smaller seeds could improve the product yield, and in contrast, larger seeds facilitate the growth into larger crystals but require a larger SLR to ensure the product yield. By introducing an objective function for optimization with the above PBM, a seed recipe design is given for obtaining the desired product attributes as above-mentioned. In addition, it is found that washing seeds by the solvent is necessary to ensure seed quality for quantitative seed recipe design and implementation, by comparing three different seed preparation methods. Simulation tests and experiments well demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed seed recipe design for seeded batch cooling crystallization